Amahhashi Asendle, Izimpawu ZaseNtshonalanga, Ukuphikisana Kokuphikisana
Lesi sihloko sigxile emaceleni amahhashi asendle eNtshonalanga, ikakhulukazi eNevada. Ngenkinga ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwabantu lalezi zilwane futhi kufanele kwenziwe kanjani ukuze kugcinwe amahhashi aphilile nezindawo zomhlaba ezihamba kuwo. Imithetho nemithethonqubo yokubhekana namahhashi asendle kuhlongozwe ku-Wild Free-Roaming Horses no Burros Act ka-1971 (kanye nezichibiyelo ezalandela ngo-1976, 1978, no-2004).
I-federal eyinhloko ephathelene namahhashi asendle kanye ne-burros emphakathini womphakathi yi-Bureau of Land Management (BLM), ingalo yoMnyango Wezangaphakathi wase-United States. I-BLM State Office ye-Nevada itholakala ku-1340 Financial Blvd, i-Reno NV 89502. Amahora ehhovisi amahora angu-7: 30 ekuseni kuya ku-4: 30 ntambama, ngoMsombuluko kuya ngoLwesihlanu. Inombolo yocingo yolwazi (775) 861-6400. Olunye ulwazi lwalolu daba luhlinzekwa nguSusie Stokke, uHlelo LamaHhashi Ne-Burro Elihola i-BLM Nevada, Resources Division.
AmaHhosi amaningi amaningi aseMuva
Lena inkinga eyinkimbinkimbi enezingxenye eziningi ezihambayo nezithakazelo zokuncintisana. I-BLM iyadingeka ukuphatha amahhashi kanye nobubanzi njengoba kunqunywe umthetho we-1971 nezichibiyelo zayo. Ngamafuphi, lokhu kusho ukugcina inani lamahhashi alinganiselwe nokusetshenziselwa ukuncintisana ezifana nokudla kwezinkomo ukuze impilo yezolimo namahhashi kungabi nakwehla. Ngokusho kwe-BLM, kukhona amahhashi amaningi kakhulu lapho futhi izinto ziphelile.
I-BLM Factsheet ekhishwe ngoJuni 30, 2008 ithi kukhona amahhashi angama-33,000 angamahhashi kanye nama-burros (amahhashi angu-29 500, ama-burros angu-3 500) emazweni alawulwa yi-BLM eNtshonalanga. I-Nevada ihlala cishe engxenyeni yalezi zilwane. I-BLM ihlonze abangu-27 300 njengamanani amahhashi nama-burros angaphila emazweni ayo aphethwe ngokulingana nezinye ukusetshenziswa okufanayo (ukudla, izilwane zasendle, imayini, ukuzijabulisa, njll).
Le nombolo ibizwa ngokuthi yizinga elifanele lokuphatha (AML). Kuzwelonke, kunezilwane ezingaphezu kuka-5 700 eziningi ezivulekile ebangeni. U-Stokke uthe i-AML eNevada ingu-13 099, kanti inani labantu abangu-23% lingaphezulu kuka-16 143 (kusukela ngoFebruwari, 2008).
I-BLM inikeza izilwane ezidlulile ezikhishwe ebangeni kuzo zonke izindawo zesikhathi esifushane nezokuhlala isikhathi eside. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-30,000 amahhashi nama-burros okwamanje okondliwa futhi anakekelwa ezindaweni eziningi, kuhlanganise nePalomino Valley National Adoption Centre enyakatho yeSparks, eNvada. Ngonyaka wezimali ka-2007, i-BLM isetshenzisile imali engamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-21,9 zamahhashi angama-dollar angu-38.8 kanye nebhajrojethi nje kuphela ekulondolozeni izilwane kulezi zikhungo. Izindleko ezinikezwe izindleko zokulinganisa ze-BLM Factsheet zamuva zizophindwa kabili kuya ku-$ 77 million ngo-2012 uma imikhuba yokuphatha ekhona iqhutshwa. Njengoba izimali ezinjalo zingenakwenzeka ukuba zenzeke, i-BLM kuzodingeka zenze izinqumo ezinzima, ngaphandle kokunye okuthakazelisayo noma okuthakazelisayo.
Ukwamukelwa kwamahhashi wezilwane kwehla
Ukuhlinzeka ngamahhashi kanye ne-burros ukwamukelwa yiyona ndlela eyinhloko yokuhambisa izilwane ezidlulayo emkhakheni wezokwelapha kanye nokunakekelwa kwangasese. Ngenkathi uhlelo lwe-BLM lokutholwa luqhubeka luqina, izinombolo azisasebenzi.
Ngo-2007, izilwane ezingu-7 726 zahlanganiswa kanti abangu-4,772 zamukelwa. Uma sicabanga ukuthi amahhashi asendle kanye nama-burros angaphindaphinda kabili umhlambi wabo wezinkomo eminyakeni emine, futhi abanalo izilwane eziphilayo ngaphandle kwezingonyama zezintaba ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezihlakazekile ezungeze i-Nevada, akulula ukubona ukuthi lezi zinombolo zizoqhubeka kanjani ngaphandle uma kukhona okuthile kwenziwe.
U-Stokke uthe ukutholwa kwezingane kuye kwehla iminyaka, kanti eminyakeni emibili edlule yehla izinga lokusheshisa. Kuze kube ngo-2008, izinga liyingxenye nje yomgomo odingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe i-AML ehloselwe i-BLM. Uthe lokho, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi ezifana nokushintsha inani labantu kanye nokukhuphuka kwezindleko, ukufuna okulula akukhona.
Ukushintsha Amanani Abantu, Izindleko Zokuphakama
Ukugcina amahhashi akushibhile. Ngokusho kweStokke, amathani ayisithupha wehhashi nehhashi adinga ngonyaka ngonyaka abiza u-$ 900 ngo-2007.
Ngo-2008, kuyoba ngu-$ 1920. Engeza kwezinye izindleko ezifana nokudla okusanhlamvu, izikweletu ze-vet, ukugibela, iloli kanye ne-trailer, amadlelo nokugcwala, ukugibela (uma ungahlali ezweni), futhi unesilwane esinamandla kakhulu. Intengo yedwa ivimbela abantu abaningi ukuba bangayitholi, futhi kukhona abantu abaningi abanesithakazelo njengoba kwakuneminyaka embalwa eyedlule. Njengomphakathi uba i-urban, inani labantu abanamahhashi njengengxenye yenkambiso yabo liyancipha. Ukuhlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kuphinda kuhambisane nezikhala ezizungeze iminyango yemizi lapho isikhala esiphelele, amadlelo kanye nemifula ekhona khona. Kukhona nje izindawo eziningi kakhulu zamahhashi okufanele abe nazo.
I-BLM izama ukufanisa i-adoptions nalezo zindawo ezisezingeni elibalulekile lehhashi. I-Nevada ingomunye wayo, kodwa ukuhlunga kwedolobha kunomthelela omubi, futhi akukho abantu abaningi lapha. Ezinye zihlanganisa eTexas, Wyoming, California, naseWisconsin.
Esinye isici iStekke esichaze ukuwohloka kwemikhiqizo yehhashi. Uma izikhathi zilukhuni, abantu abaningi abagcina amahhashi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-mustangs asendle noma cha, bangakwazi nje ukukwazi ukwenza kanjalo. Esigodini sasePalomino Valley enyakatho yeSparks, uthe amabhiliyoni ayisishiyagalolunye abuyiselwe kulo nyaka, nabantu bebala ubunzima bezomnotho ukuthi kungani bengakwazi ukugcina izilwane.
I-Possible Wild Horse Solutions
"Ekugcineni, sidinga amakhaya amahle angama-33 000. Uma singenakukwazi ukuthola, sinezinketho ezimbalwa kuphela." Lezi zincumo ezinzima kakhulu, "kusho uStekke, ekhuluma ngamahhashi asevele ephethe izikhungo.
Enye inketho ukuyeka ukuqoqa amahhashi emkhakheni, ngakho-ke ukuvimbela ukuqoqwa kwezilwane ezindaweni zokugcina kanye nenani elikhulayo lokuzigcina lapho. I-BLM Isekela Lomqondisi uHenri Bisson, emlandweni wamuva ku-Reno Gazette-Journal, uthe ukuyeka ama-roundups kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu ezindaweni ezihamba phambili kanye nendlala yamahhashi amaningi.
"Kuye, into engafanele kakhulu kuyoba ukubona lezi zilwane zihlupheka futhi zifa kancane kancane." Kuwukufa okunonya, "kusho uStekke. Kungaphula umthetho owenziwe ngomthetho we-1971 odinga i-BLM ukugcina nokuvikela amahhashi enempilo emhlabeni onempilo. Inhlanganisela ye-adoptions kanye ne-euthanasia into okufanele idatshulwe, uBisson uthe ku-Associated Press, ngenxa yenkinga yebhajethi kanye nesidingo sokuhambisana nomthetho.
I-BLM isivele inegunya lokuvuselela amahhashi asendle nama-burros. Ngokusho kwe-BLM Factsheet, ukuguqulwa komthetho wangempela ngo-1978 "kugunyaza i-BLM ukuba ivuselele amahhashi angaphezu kwama-wild and burros, okudingeka ukuba abantu abathintekayo abafunwe ngabantwana abafanelekayo."
Kusukela ngo-2004, i-BLM ibilokhu ithengisa amahhashi nama-burros okungenani okungu-10 ubudala noma adluliselwe ukutholwa okungenani kathathu. Isiphathimandla sokwenza lokhu senziwe ngokuchitshiyelwa komthetho wangempela.
Kuze kube manje, ukuthengiswa kuye kwaba ngabathengi abahlela ukuhlinzeka isikhathi eside, kodwa kunamalungiselelo okuthengisa "ngaphandle kwemingcele," okusho ukuthi izilwane zingasetshenziswa kunoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okusemthethweni uma isihloko sidlula kusuka ku-BLM kumnikazi wangasese.
Inketho yokuqhubeka nebhizinisi njengesijwayelekile nayo ikhona. Uma izinqubomgomo zokutholwa, ukususwa, nokugcinwa kwamanje ziqhubeka, kulinganiselwa ukuthi izindleko zizofinyelela ezigidini ezingama-77 million ngo-2012.
Isabelo sika-2008 sesivele singaphansi kuka-2007 ngo-R8,8 million, ngakho-ke akubonakali ukuthi kukhona ukwesekwa kwezombangazwe okwanele ukuqhubeka nohlelo njengoba lukhona manje.
Ngokusho kukaStokke, okwamanje akakho i-ejenti yokulawula inzalo yokusebenza kwamahhashi asendle. Yini ekhona i-90% esebenzayo ngonyaka wokuqala, uma isetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanele sonyaka. Uhlobo lwezinkomo zamahhashi ezihamba ezinqabeni ezinkulu ze-Nevada kwenza lokhu kube yisiphakamiso esinzima. Kodwa-ke, i-BLM isebenza kuphrojekthi yokucwaninga ne-American Humane Society ukuthuthukisa i-agent yokulawula ukuzalwa okubili ephumelela kakhulu futhi isebenza ngaphezu kwesikhashana seminyaka eminingana.
Amahhashi Wama-Wild Added
I-BLM isekela izinhlelo ezenzelwe ukwandisa ukubaluleka kwamahhashi asendle abe yiziphakamiso ezingenzeka. Ngokubambisana ne-Mustang Heritage Foundation, i-BLM isiza ukuxhasa ukuqeqeshwa kwamahhashi asendle ngakho-ke bayakhuthaza kakhulu njengabalingani bokutholwa ngaphandle kwalabo abasanda kuphuma.
I-BLM isebenza neminye iminyango yokulungisa izimo. E-Nevada, amahhashi asendle aqeqeshiwe aqeqeshiwe atholakale ukuba athathekele ku-Nevada Department of Corrections, Isikhungo Esiphezulu Sokuqondisa Izigwegwe eCoson City. Ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene, amasheya omphakathi amahhashi aqeqeshiwe nawo aphethwe.
Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi, sicela ucingo (775) 861-6469.
I-Congressmen ifuna ukwazi okwengeziwe
U-Nick Rahall, uSihlalo weKomidi LeNdlu Yemithombo Yemvelo, noRaul Grijalva, uSihlalo weKomidi elincane lePaki, amahlathi namazwe omphakathi, wabhala iBisson incwadi esemthethweni, yango-July 9, 2008, ebhala ngokukhathazeka kwabo mayelana nokusebenza okusemandleni nge-BLM ngokuphathelene nokushintsha i-horse yangasendle ne-burro izinqubomgomo nemikhuba. Unemibuzo eminingi mayelana nokuthi kungani i-BLM ithola khona esimweni sokucubungula i-euthanasia yamahhashi asendle kanye ne-burros. Bacela ukuthi i-BLM ingathathi isinyathelo kuze kube yilapho umbiko weHhovisi lokuBheka ukuPhatha kukaHulumeni (GAO) mayelana nokuphathwa kwehhashi langasese ne-burro litholwa futhi libuyekezwa yiCongress, BLM, kanye ne-National Wild Horse kanye neBhodi Yokubonisana NeBroro.
Umbiko ufanele ngo-September, 2008.
Thumela amazwana akho kwi-BLM Wild Horse ne-Burro Program
Kuleli phuzu, i-BLM ihlola zonke izinketho ezitholakala ngokusemthethweni ekuphatheni ihhashi lasendle ne-burro labantu. Uma ungathanda ukunikeza imibono nolwazi njengelungu lomphakathi, iwebhusayithi ye-BLM inefomu le-inthanethi lokuthumela amazwana.
Ulwazi lwe-Wild Horse ne-Burro kusuka ku-BLM
- I-Horse Free-Roaming Horse ne-Burros Act ka-1971
- I-BLM I-National Wild Horse ne-Burro Information Centre
- Uhlelo lwe-BLM Nevada Wild Horse & Burro
- BLM Uhlelo lweNational Wild Horse & Burro Program
- Ibhodi Lezincomo Zikazwelonke Zamahhashi NeBroro
Ukwamukela iHarm Wild noma iBroro
- Ukwamukela i-Horse Wild noma i-Burro e-Nevada
- Uhlelo Lokutholwa Kwe-Inthanethi Ye-Horse Horse & Burro
- Izibalo ze-Wild Horse ne-Burro Statistics
Amaqembu E-Advocacy Private Wild Horse
Amaqembu okukhuthaza amahhashi angasese ahlinzeka ngamaphuzu ahlukahlukene emibonweni yehhashi zasendle. Iziphakamiso ezihambayo zihlanganisa ukulawulwa kokuzalwa okusebenza kahle, ukubeka umzamo omkhulu ekukhuthazeni amahhashi asendle njengesikhangiso sezokuvakasha, nokuhlinzeka ngamaphesenti amarekhodi kubanikazi bezwe abakhulu abazimisele ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside nokudliwa izilwane ezisuswe ebangeni.
- I-Mustang Heritage Foundation
- I-Wild Horse Preservation League
- Vumela i-Em Em Run Foundation
- Umkhankaso wokulondolozwa kwamahhashi waseMelika
- I-Lifesavers Wild Horse Rescue
- Ilondoloza ama-Mustang aseMelika
Imithombo:
- Ingxoxo ngo-7/10/08 no-Susie Stokke, uHlelo LamaHhashi Ne-Burro Elihola i-BLM Nevada, Resources Division.
- I-factsheet: Izinselelo ezibhekene ne-BLM ekulawulweni kwayo kwamaHorses Wild and Burros, ngoJuni 30, 2008, i-Bureau of Land Management, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, DC Imininingwane: Tom Gorey (202) 452-5137.
- I-Reno Gazette Journal, 7/1/08, 7/7/08.
Ukudalulwa Okugcwele: Ngingumvolontiya ne-BLM Nevada State Office, ngokuyinhloko ehilelekile emsebenzini wokuthatha izithombe.