Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo NgeNtaba iSt Helens

01 ka 05

Isingeniso seSt. Helens

I-Mount St. Helens ingenye yezintaba eziningi ze-volcanic ePacific Northwest. Ingxenye yalokho eyaziwa njengePacific Rim of Fire, iNtaba yaseSt. Helens idume ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo wamuva futhi oqhubekayo. I-Mount St. Helens phakathi kweRavencade Mountain Range esifundazweni saseWashington, cishe phakathi kwe-Seattle nePortland.

Intaba ngokwalo, kanye nendawo eyayizungezile, igcinwe njengeSikhumbuzo seNtaba yaseMount St. Helens. I-landscape ngaphakathi kwetshe lesikhumbuzo iyavunyelwa ukuthatha inkambo yayo ekubuyiseleni, okudala ukuhlangenwe nakho okuthakazelisayo kokufunda kokubili ososayensi kanye nomphakathi. Izivakashi eSikhumbuzweni seNtaba yaseSt. Helens National zizothola izikhungo eziningana ezithakazelisayo zezivakashi kanye nokubukwa kwemibono emangalisayo.

Mayelana no-1980 Ukubhujiswa kwentaba yaseSt. Helens: Ukulandelana Kwezehlakalo

Mayelana no-1980 Ukubhujiswa kwentaba yaseSt. Helens: Imiphumela

Umsebenzi wakamuva we-Mount St. Helens

Intaba yaseSt. Helens ngomlando

02 ka 05

Mayelana no-1980 Ukubhujiswa kwentaba yaseSt. Helens: Ukulandelana Kwezehlakalo

INt. St Helens yaqhuma ngo-8: 32 ngehora lesishiyagalolunye ekuseni ngo-Meyi 18, 1980, ikhumbuza izakhamizi zasePacific Northwest kanye nabantu emhlabeni wonke amandla amakhulu futhi angenakulawulwa kwemvelo. Imiphumela yomzimba yokuqhuma kwavela emazweni amaningi ase-United States, ngomlotha owela kude njengo-Oklahoma. Vakashela eNtabeni iSt. Helens ngokwakho ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nomlando we-volcano nesimo samanje.

Ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ezenzeka phakathi nokuqhuma kwe-Mount St Helens: May 18:

• Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-5.1-magnitude
• I-bulge kanye nendawo ezungezile ebusweni obusenyakatho ye-volcano yabuyela kude, okwenza kube nemvula enkulu yamadwala, udaka, nama-debris amamayela angu-24 wesigodi
• Ukukhululwa kwengcindezi evela ngaphakathi kwe-volcano kukhishwe ipulazi lomlotha kanye ne-pumice

Ukulandelana kwezenzakalo eziholela ekuqhumeni: Mashi - Meyi, 1980

Konke kwaqala ngo-Mashi 15, 1980, lapho iNtaba iSt. Helens iqala isikhathi sokusebenza kwesimo sezulu esincane. Njengoba lo msebenzi wawukhuphuka, intaba-mlilo yayisigcina sonke esiphezulu kwezihlalo zethu. Nakhu okuvelele okuvela ezenzakalweni eziholela ekuqhumeni okukhulu kukaMeyi 18, ngokulandelana kokulandelana okulandelanayo.

Ngo-May 17, 1980
Iziphathimandla zokuphoqelela umthetho zihambise imoto engaba ngu-50 yabanikazi bendawo kuLwandle Olubomvu ukuze lithole impahla.

NgoMeyi 7-13, 1980
Ukuqhuma okuncane kwe-steam nomlotha kukhishwa ku-volcano. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungapheli kuze kube sezingeni eliphakeme 4.9.

Ngo-Ephreli 29, 1980
Izikhulu zikahulumeni zacela umbusi ukuba avalize indawo enkulu ejikeleze intaba-mlilo. Uhlelo lubiza i-Red Zone (akukho ukufinyeleleka komphakathi) ne-Blue Zone (ukufinyelela okukhawulelwe). Izikhulu zezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zikhungathekile ngoba umphakathi ubonakala ungahlali uqaphele ingozi.

NgoMashi 27 kuya ku-Ephreli 18, 1980
Ukuzamazama komhlaba nokuqhuma okwenziwe ngamanzi kuqhutshwa futhi kuqhubeke phakathi nalesi sikhathi.

Ngo-Mashi 20, 1980
Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungamakhulu angu-4.1, okungafani nanoma yikuphi okwakubonwe ngaphambili endaweni, kwenzeka kuphela enyakatho-ntshonalanga yenhlangano yaseSt. St Helens. Ama-Seismologists ayengaqiniseki ukuthi lezi zizamazama komhlaba zokuqala zazihlobene yini nokusebenza komlilo. Banqume ukuhambisa ezinye ze-seismometers ukuze ziqaphe kangcono umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo.

NgoMashi 15-19, 1980
Ukuzamazama komhlaba okuncane kakhulu kubhalwe phansi, kodwa akubonakali njengababikezeli basheshayo emisebenzini engenzeka ye-volcanic.

Umthombo Wedatha: USGS / Cascades Volcano Observatory. Hlola lewebhu ukuze uthole ukulandelana kwesikhathi okuningiliziwe.

03 ka 05

Mayelana no-1980 Ukubhujiswa kwentaba yaseSt. Helens: Imiphumela

Imiphumela yokuqhuma kwe-Mount St. Helens ngo-1980 yayihlanganisa:

• INtaba yaseSt. Helens yancipha ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-1 300 ukuphakama
• Umlotha wama-volcanic wawela ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-930
• I-avalanche ne-mudflows yama-debris igcwalise isigodi sase-Toutle sibe ngamamitha angaba ngu-50
• Ukuqhuma kwaphela amahora angu-9
• Abantu abangu-57 balahlekelwa yimpilo yabo, noma basabhekwa bengekho
• Amakhilomitha angama-250 angama-square awonakele
• "Izilwane eziningi" zabulawa - izilinganiso ziyizilwane ezinkulu zemidlalo ezingu-7 000 nezigidi zezinyoni, izinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo
• Ukuqhuma okuncane kwaqhubeka ngo-1986

Amaqiniso namanani atholakala kusifingqo se-USGS

04 ka 05

Umsebenzi wakamuva we-Mount St. Helens

Ngesikhathi nje siqala ukucabanga iNtaba iSt. Helens ihlezi phansi, i-volcano events noma iyaqhuma. Nasi umugqa wesikhathi somsebenzi wamuva we-Mount St Helens.

2005 ukwethula
INtaba iSt. Helens iyaqhubeka ihlangabezana namanani aphansi okuma komhlaba, ukukhishwa okuphansi kwegesi kanye ne-volcanic gases, ukukhiqizwa okuncane komlotha, nokukhula kwe-lava dome entsha ngaphakathi kwe-crater.

Mashi 8, 2005
Intaba-mlilo yaseSt. Mount Helens yahlangabezana nomcimbi omncane wokuqhuma, kanti umkhumbi owenziwe ngamanzi-ash-ash ufika endaweni engamamitha angaba ngu-36 000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

NgoJanuwari 16, 2005
Ukuqhuma okuqhumayo okwehlukanisa umlotha nokugubha njengamamitha ayi-1 ku-crater nokuthunga empumalanga ngaseceleni kwempumalanga.

Ngo-Okthoba 11, 2004 ukwethula
I-lava yedome entsha nehlukile yacaca; iqhubeka ikhula futhi ishintshe.

Ngo-Okthoba 5, 2004
Ukuqhuma okukhulu kwe-steam-and-ash kusukela ekuqaleni kwezingxabano. Kwahlala ngaphezu kwehora elilodwa. Umlotha ovuthayo wafika cishe ku-3 700 m (12,000 ft) futhi waqhubekela ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga-mpumalanga. I-ash ash dusting yawela emadolobheni aseMorton, eRandle, nasePakwoodwood, cishe ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-50. Ukuthungula okukhanyayo kwathinta uhlangothi lwempumalanga yeNtaba Rainier National Park, 110 km (70 mi) enyakatho-mpumalanga-mpumalanga.

Ngo-Okthoba 1, 2004
Ukuqhuma kwe-steam encane, nomlotha omncane, okhishwe ngehora elingeningizimu ye-1980-86 lava dome

September 23-25, 2004
Ukuzamazama komhlaba okuncane, okuncane kakhulu (okwedlula ubukhulu 1) kwaqala ekuseni kaSeptemba 23, kwafika phakathi nosuku ngoSepthemba 24, kwaze kwaba yilapho kuhlwe ntambama ka-Septhemba 25.

Umthombo Wedatha: USGS / Cascades Volcano Observatory

05 ka 05

Intaba yaseSt. Helens ngomlando

Njengoba izintaba zihamba, iNtaba iSt. Helens isencane. Izindleko ezindala ezaziwa ezindala-mlilo zaqhuma cishe eminyakeni engama-50-40 000 edlule, futhi i-cone eyahlukana ngo-1980 ingu-2200 kuphela ubudala. Amanye amaNdiya asePacific Northwest abizwa ngokuthi iNtaba iStens Helens "uLouwala-Clough," noma "intaba yokubhema." Igama lanamuhla, iNtaba iSt. Helens, lanikezwa ngenqwaba yezintaba-mlilo ngo-1792 nguKaputeni George Vancouver waseBrithani Royal Navy, umgcini wezilwandle kanye nomhloli wokuhlola. Wabiza ngokuthi udumo lomuntu wakuleli zwe, u-Alleyne Fitzherbert, ophethe isihloko uBaron St. Helens futhi owayengumengameli waseBrithani eSpain. I-Vancouver nayo ibiza ezinye izintaba-mlilo ezintathu eCascades - Mounts Baker, Hood, naseRainier - ezikhulwini zaseBrithani zempi.

Nakhu okuvelele komsebenzi we-Mount St Helens eminyakeni engama-2000 edlule:

Imbuzi Yembuzi Iminyaka Ephuzayo

Cishe ngo-1800 AD
Le nkathi ephuthumayo yahlala iminyaka eyi-100-150. Izenzakalo ezaziwayo zifaka ukuqhuma komlotha ngo-1842, okwalandelwa yi-extrusion ye-Goat Rocks dome. Ama-akhawunti wangokufanayo abonisa umsebenzi izikhathi eziningana phakathi nama-1840 no-1850, kodwa angabalulekile futhi aphikisana. Umsebenzi wokugcina obalulekile ngaphambi kuka-1980 kwaba "umusi obomvu nomlilo" ngo-1857, nakuba ukuqhuma okuncane okungaqinisekisiwe kwabikwa ngo-1898, 1903, no-1921

I-Kalama Eruptive Period

1479 kuya ku-1482 AD
Lesi sikhathi esiphuthumayo sasihlanganisa ama-ejections amabili amakhulu, kanye nokugeleza kwe-lava nesakhiwo se-dome.

Isikhathi Sokuphuza Soshukela

Cishe ngo-800 AD
INtaba yaseSt. Helens yavuselelwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo se-dome, ukuqhuma kwe-lateral, nokuphuma kwe-pyroclastic phakathi nalesi sikhathi sezenzo zentaba-mlilo.

I-Period Yokuqeda I-Castle Creek

200 BC kuya ku-300 AD
Umsebenzi omkhulu phakathi nalesi sikhathi wawuhlanganisa ukuxoshwa komlotha, ukugeleza kwe-pyroclastic, kanye nokugeleza kwe-lava.

Umthombo Wedatha: USGS / Cascades Volcano Observatory: Mount St. Helens Umlando Ophuzayo