AmaSan Bushmen: Abantu Bendabuko BaseNingizimu Afrika

"San" yigama elihlangene lezizwe ezikhuluma ngamaKhoisan eNingizimu ye-Afrika. Kanti futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yiBushman noma iBasarwa, babengabantu bokuqala abahlala eNingizimu ye-Afrika, lapho behlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 000. Imidwebo yamatshe e-San e-Tsodilo Hills yaseBotswana ifakazela lelifa elimangalisayo, ngezibonelo eziningi ezicatshangwa ukuthi zibuyele emuva okungenani ngo-1300 AD.

I-San ihlala ezindaweni zaseBotswana, eNamibia, eNingizimu Afrika, e-Angola, eZambia, eZimbabwe naseLesotho.

Kwezinye izindawo, igama elithi "San" nelithi "Bushmen" libhekwa njengokungcolisa. Esikhundleni salokho, abantu abaningi baseSan bakhetha ukubonakala ngegama lezizwe zabo ngabanye. Lokhu kuhlanganisa! Kung, Jul'hoan, Tsoa nezinye eziningi.

Umlando weSan

I-San iyinzalo ye- Homo sapiens yokuqala, okungukuthi indoda yesimanje. Unayo iphethini yesakhi esidala kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umuntu okhona, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi zonke ezinye izizwe zivela kubo. Ngokomlando, iSan babengabazingeli abaqoqayo abagcina impilo yokuphila. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bathuthele unyaka wonke ngokuhambisana nokutholakala kwamanzi, umdlalo kanye nezitshalo ezidliwayo ezazisetshenziswa ukufaka ukudla kwazo.

Esikhathini seminyaka engaba ngu-2 000 eyedlule, kepha ukufika kwabafundisi bezemvelo nabalimi bezolimo bevela kwenye indawo e-Afrika baphoqelela abantu baseSan ukuba baxoshe ezindaweni zabo zendabuko. Lokhu kuthutha kwakwandiswa ngabakholoni abamhlophe ngekhulu le-17 nele-18, owaqala ukusungula amapulazi angasese emazweni asakhula kakhulu esifundeni.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-San yayigcinwe ezindaweni ezingaphephile ze-Afrika yaseningizimu - njengeDanga le-Kalahari elomile.

I-San Culture yendabuko

Esikhathini esidlule, amaqembu omndeni noma amaqembu e-San ngokuvamile ayebalelwa abantu abangaba ngu-10 kuya kwangu-15. Babehlala ezweni, bebeka izindawo zokuhlala zesikhashana ehlobo, kanye nezakhiwo ezingapheliyo ezungeze ama-waterholes ebusika obomile.

I-San ingabantu abalinganayo, futhi ngokwemvelo abanalo mholi osemthethweni noma oyinhloko. Abesifazane babhekwa njengokulinganayo, futhi izinqumo zenziwa njengeqembu. Lapho kuvela ukungezwani, kuxoxwa isikhathi eside ukuxazulula izinkinga.

Esikhathini esedlule, amadoda aseSan ayenomthwalo wokuzingela ukondla lonke iqembu - umsebenzi wokusebenzisana ofeziwe usebenzisa imicibisholo eyenziwe ngezandla nemicibisholo ehlanganiswe ne-poison eyenziwe emhlabathini wesibhakabhaka. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abesifazane baqoqa lokho abakwaziyo ezweni, kuhlanganise nezithelo, amajikijolo, izilimo eziyizigaxa, izinambuzane kanye namaqanda ezinsikazi. Ngesikhathi singenalutho, amagobolondo ezinsikazi asetshenziselwa ukuqoqa nokugcina amanzi, okwakuvame ukuphuzwa emgodini ogubiwe esihlabathini.

I-San Today

Namuhla, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye (500,000) eSan ehlala eNingizimu Afrika. Ingxenyana encane kakhulu kulaba bantu abasele bayakwazi ukuphila ngokuvumelana nendlela yabo yokuphila yendabuko. Njengoba kunjalo nabantu abaningi bokuqala abavela kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, iningi labantu baseSan liye laba yisisulu semikhawulo ebekiwe kubo isiko lanamuhla. Ukucwaswa kukahulumeni, ububha, ukulahlwa kwezenhlalakahle kanye nokulahlekelwa kobuhlobo bemasiko bonke bashiye uphawu lwabo eSan yanamuhla.

Abakwazanga ukuhamba ngokukhululekile ezweni lonke njengoba bebengakwenzile, iningi labo manje basebenzi emapulazini noma emasimini emvelo, kuyilapho abanye bathembele emaphesheni kahulumeni ngenzuzo yabo. Kodwa-ke, iSan isahlonishwa abaningi ngenxa yamakhono abo okusinda, okufaka ukulandelela, ukuzingela kanye nolwazi olubanzi lwezitshalo ezidliwayo nezomuthi. Kwezinye izindawo, abantu baseSan bayakwazi ukuhamba ngalezi zindlela ngendlela ehlukile, ngokuzifundisa kwabanye ezindaweni eziphathelene namasiko kanye nezivakashi.

I-San Cultural Tours

Ukuvakasha okufana nalezi zivakashi ukunikeza ukuqonda okuthakazelisayo isiko esasinda ezinkingeni izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ezinye zenzelwe ukuvakashelwa kwezinsuku ezincane, kanti abanye bathatha uhlobo lwezinsuku eziningi zokuhamba nezinyawo zokuhamba. I-Nhoma Safari Camp iyinkambi encane emzaneni waseNhoma enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNamibia, lapho amalungu esizwe samaJu'hoan efundisa izivakashi ubuciko bokuzingela nokuqoqa, kanye namakhono okufaka imithi yamahlathi, imidlalo yendabuko nemidanso yokuphulukisa.

Okunye okuhlangenwe nakho kweSan Bushmen kuhlanganisa i-8 Day Bushman Trail Safari kanye no-7 Day Mobile Camping Safari eKalahari, kokubili okwenzeka eBotswana. ENingizimu Afrika, i-Khwa ttu iSan Culture and Education Centre inikeza izivakashi zosuku lokuvakasha kanye nokuqeqesha abantu baseSan banamuhla abafisa ukuphinde bajwayele isiko labo.

Le ngqungquthela ibuyekeziwe futhi iphinde ibhalwe ngokuyingxenye yiJessica Macdonald ngo-Agasti 24, 2017.