I-Big Chicago 10: Ukuvakasha Kokuvakasha KwaseDolobheni

01 kwezingu-10

Misa 1: Art Institute yaseChicago

I-Chicago ibuyele kwezinye zezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-United States. Kwakukhona ngisho nokunyakaza kwezakhiwo ezakhiwe nguWilliam Le Baron Jenney obizwa ngokuthi iScott School, okwaholela ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zeChicago ezibonakalayo. Ukuthatha uhambo lokuhamba ngobuciko e-Chicago kuyindlela enhle yokuzwa idolobha futhi uthole imininingwane encane eyenza ibe yinto enhle. Ukuvakasha okuhle ukuqala ukubuka ezinye izakhiwo endaweni yedolobha laseLoop.

Ukuma kuqala ku- Art of Chicago ehloniphekile Art Institute (111 S. Michigan Ave.). Ngo-1891, abakhi bomsebenzi uJohn Root noDaniel Burnham banikezwa umthwalo wokuphatha ukwakhiwa kwesigodi saseChicago nge-World's Columbian Exposition ngo-1893. Umsuka wawubheka umklamo wesimanje wokwenza kahle, uhambisane ne-Chicago School, kodwa uRoot wafa ngokuzumayo i-pneumonia ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakhiwa. I-Burnham nabanye bashintsha imiklamo yomsuka kumklamo we- Neoclassical Beaux-Arts , ovelele kakhulu kwi-Art Institute. Isakhiwo sinobubanzi, sinamatshe amaningi, ama-pan-relief panels namakholomu afana nesitayela. Uma ubheka phezulu kwesakhiwo, amagama abaculi abaningi abavelele baqoshwe edwaleni - ukucabanga okufisa okufisa kuyingxenye yabakhi - ngoba cishe akekho omunye wabaculi ababenemisebenzi eboniswe emnyuziyamu.

Ehlangothini olusenyakatho yi- Wing Modern , futhi umklamo wayo ngumakhi we-Renzo Piano uhlukile kakhulu esakhiweni esikhulu.

Hlola lokhu: Izinduna zamabhronomu ezidumile ze-museum ezifaka izitebhisi zayo zokungena zibonakala zifana nokuqala, kodwa azikho ngempela. Ibhubesi ekugcineni kwelaseNingizimu "limelela isimo sengqondo sokunganaki" futhi ingonyama yokuphela esenyakatho "isendleleni."

Sibonga ngokukhethekile kuMargaret Hicks waseChicago Architecture Foundation ngokuqondisa kwakhe phakathi nale phrojekthi.

- ihlelwe yi-Chicago Travel Expert Audarshia Townsend

02 kwezingu-10

Misa 2: I-Harold Washington Library

Landela iMichigan Avenue emgwaqweni owodwa eningizimu ukuya eJackson, uwele ngaphesheya komgwaqo, uphendukela ngakwesokudla uphenduke ePlymouth Court. Bheka ngakwesobunxele sakho futhi uzobona i- Harold Washington Library (400 S. State St) ekhuphuka ngaphezu kwamathrekhi esitimela. Ivuliwe ngo-1991 futhi ngesikhathi isakhiwo esikhulu semitapo yezincwadi zomphakathi emhlabeni, isakhiwo esinezintambo ezingu-10 sabizwa ngokuthi iMeya yaseMcrosoft yaseHarare, uHarold Washington, owasiza ekuqedeni phansi, kodwa wafa ngaphambi kokuba kuqedwe isakhiwo.

Ngenkathi i-Harold Washington Library ibonakala sengathi iyinkinga yokuklama, isitayela se-hodgepodge empeleni sikhulekela ku-Chicago; lo mklamo awufanelekile nakwezinye izindawo kuleli zwe. I-front front yezitini namafasitela ayo aphakamayo kanye namafriza akhombisa ukufaniswa kwesitayela se- Beaux Arts emhlabeni wonke, futhi uma uhamba uzungeze isakhiwo uzobona izitini kungumcabango nje. Izinhlangothi ziyizinsimbi ezibukeka zanamuhla nesilayizi, ku- Mies van der Rohe . Umhlobiso esakhiweni uhlanganisa ubuso bukaCeres - unkulunkulukazi waseRoma wokutshala izitshalo - kanye nembewu yamabele kanye nembewu yamabele, okufanekisela umlando wokulima ocebile weMidwest.

03 ka-10

Misa 3: I-Monadnock Building

Hamba emuva eJackson ngezindlela ezincane entshonalanga kuDearborn Street futhi uzothola phambi kweSakhiwo saseMonadnock (53 W. Jackson Blvd.). Ezingamamitha angu-197 ubude futhi ezakhiwe ngo-1893, ngokuyinhloko kubhekwa njengesiqhingi sokuqala sezwe. Ngisho noma abanye bengase bakuthole lokho okubalulekile, ukuthi yiliphi iqiniso ukuthi yisakhiwo esinde kunazo zonke esisekelwa ngokugcwele ngodonga lwamatshe ngokungafani nezisekeli zensimbi esetshenziswa namuhla.

Izindonga ezansi kwesakhiwo ziyizinyawo ezingu-6 ubukhulu ukuze zithwale isisindo esikhulu sokwakha. Izindonga zangaphandle zijika kancane futhi ziqonde ngqo ngaphambi kokuba zibuyele phezulu phezulu. Leli phande, namafasitela amancane angama-bay, yiyona kuphela ukuhlobisa kwesaziso esakhiweni.

04 kwezingu-10

Misa 4: Isikhungo Sikahulumeni

Ngokuqondile ngaphesheya komgwaqo ovela eMonadnock yiKluczynski Federal Building (230 S. Dearborn St.), eyenzelwe umklami owaziwayo uMies van der Rohe . Isitayela sayo "esingaphansi kakhulu" isitayela se-Bauhaus sisesibonisweni esigcwele lapha. Izakhiwo ezimbili ezide ezakha isikhungo zikhulu, ama-black hulks weglasi nesensimbi. Ngokungafani namanye amapulazi edolobheni elinamanzi, utshani nezindawo zokuhlala, i-plaza e-Federal Center ibanda, ingabonakali futhi indawo yokuhlala encane inezinhlamvu ezimbalwa ze-marble, futhi ihlangene nehhovisi leposi elilodwa, konke kuzwa kakhulu kakhulu.

Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi van der Rohe wayengenaso imininingwane. I-lobby yokubhula yonke indawo yayiwukuba ngamabomu, ukubopha emathini we-granite we-plaza kuya ezindongeni zegranite endaweni yokubambela. Imifula emnyama egijima ngaseceleni kwesakhiwo, ngenkathi ibheka izimboni kakhulu, ihlobisa ngokuphelele.

Hlola lokhu: Njengesivumelwane sokuzinikezela kukaVan der Rohe ngemininingwane, yima epulazini bese ubhekene nesakhiwo. Ngeso lakho, landela noma yiliphi umugqa phakathi kwamathayili we-granite futhi uzobona ukuthi ihambelana kahle ne-i-imisebe ukudala umugqa oqhubekayo kusukela emhlabathini kuze kube yilapho isakhiwa khona.

05 ka-10

Misa 5: Ukwakhiwa kwe-Steel Inland

Hamba umbhangqwana ungene enyakatho kuDearborn kuya eMonroe, futhi ekhoneni elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yi- Inland Steel Building ephawulekayo (30 W. Monroe St.). Eyakhelwe ngo-1957, lesi sakhiwo sithunjwa njengoba ukungena kukaChicago kwakha isakhiwo samanje ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Kubuye kube nokuhlukana kokuba isakhiwo sokuqala esiqongweni esakhiweni saseChicago emva kokucindezeleka okukhulu eminyakeni engu-20 nangaphezulu ngaphambili.

Okufanelekile kunikezwe ukuthi yakhiwa njengendlunkulu yenkampani yensimbi, ingaphandle ine-cladding ye-steel ehlukene. Isakhiwo ngokwayo sakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili ezahlukene - umbhoshongo oseduze nezindlu ezihlala eDeborn, ngenkathi umbhoshongo oya empumalanga uqukethe wonke ama-elevators nezinsiza. Lo mklamo wavumela isakhiwo sehhovisi ukuba sisekelwe kuphela ngamakholomu angaphandle, okuvumela indawo yehhovisi ukuba ivuleke ngokuphelele ukuze ihambisane nanoma yikuphi uhlelo oluphansi olufunwa ngumqashi.

Hlola lokhu: I-thin thin strip strip ehlukanisa okwesithathu kwefasitela akuyona nje ukuhlobisa - yafakwa ukuze kusize ukunciphisa umphumela wokufakaza ohlangothini oluqinile oluphansi lwesilwane olunikezela umuntu bazizwa ukuthi bangaphuma. "Ifomu ilandela umsebenzi" ukunqoba futhi.

06 kwangu-10

Misa 6: I-Carson Pirie Scott Building

Hamba empumalanga ku-Monroe uye ku-State Street, futhi uzothola i- Carson Pirie Scott Building , eyenzelwe umklami uLouis Sullivan .

Eyakhelwe ngo-1899 futhi yathengiswa ku-Carson Pirie Scott ngo-1904, yayiyindawo enkulu yokudayisa indawo kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Carson ngo-2007. Isakhiwo sakhiwo sensimbi, esivumela amafasitela amakhulu, aphezulu ahlinzeke ukukhanya kwemvelo namabala okubonisa ukuthengisa izinto. Umbhoshongo omuhle ekamelweni lokungena ekwakheni isakhiwo sokuhlobisa insimbi esondela esweni lomuntu ohamba ngezinyawo kusukela kokubili eMbuso naseMadison Street - esinye isibonelo "ifomu silandela umsebenzi."

Hlola lokhu: Ngemva kokuthi uCydneyon ivaliwe futhi ephuma, abanikazi besakhiwo bayiqamba ngokuthi iSullivan Centre. Njengoba kunikezwe "i-Carson's Building" iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100, igama elisha cishe lizothatha isizukulwane noma ezimbili ukuzobamba.

07 kwangu-10

Misa 7: Ukwakha Ukuthembela

Ngaphandle komgwaqo ukusuka kwi-Building Carson ekhoneni le-sorthwest of State neWashington yi-Reliance Building (1 W. Washington St.), i-National Historic Landmark. Yakhiwe nguCharles Atwood, umqambi waseDaniel Burnham, owaziwa ngokuthi yi-skyscraper wokuqala ozokwakhiwa ngeglasi njengengxenye eyinhloko yesigcawu sakhe, okuyinto ejwayelekile ukujwayela namuhla. Kuqedile ngo-1895, yisibonelo sokuqala se "Chicago School" yokuklanywa. Isakhiwo okwamanje sineHhovisi iBurnham ne-Atwood, okusobala ukuthi kunomlando wokwakha we-Reliance.

08 kwezingu-10

Misa 8: Ukwakhiwa kukaMarshall Field

Emuva ngaphesheya kohlangothi lwempumalanga ye-State Street, i-Marshall Field's Building newashi layo elidumile lamaholide kanye namafasitela eholide yisakhiwo sesibili esitolo esikhulu kunazo zonke zokudayisa esitolo emhlabeni. I-Landmark Historic Landmark, ingxenye yokuqala yaleso sakhiwo yakhiwa ngo-1879 futhi yanezelwa phezulu ukuze ibe yindlu enkulu kakhulu namuhla, igcwalise yonke indawo yedolobha. Kwakuyisitolo esitolo se-Marshall Field neNkampani kusukela ekuqaleni kwaze kwaba ngu-2006, lapho lolu chungechunge luhlanganiswa ekuhlanganiseni ne-Federated Department Stores futhi lwaba yiScot's Chicago , e- storeguest esitolo , okuqhubekayo kubhikishwa yizakhamuzi zaseChicago kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngokuchasisa emlandweni wokwakha, i-Federated yashiya "amagama" egama elithi "Marshall Field neNkampani" afakwe eceleni kwesakhiwo.

Hlola lokhu: Qinisekisa ukuthi uyeke endaweni ye-five atrium engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yesakhiwo, esinezicabha ze-glass Tiffany.

09 kwezingu-10

Misa 9: Isikhungo se-Aon

Hamba empumalanga eMadison ukuya eMillennium Park , futhi uzothola i- Aon Centre (ngaphambili eyakhiwa yi-Amoco Building, ne-Standard Oil Building ngaphambi kwalokho) ekhuphuka ngemuva kwayo. Eqedile ngo-1973, i-Aon Center yisakhiwo esithathu eside kunazo zonke eChicago e-Chicago. Kwakungenwe endaweni yayo yesibili ngemuva kweWillis Tower ngo-2008 emva kokuthi iTrint Tower yakhiwe.

Inqubo yokwakha esetshenziselwa ukwakha i-Aon Centre yayifana neNew Trade City imibhoshongo eNew York City, futhi inesimo esifanayo sesigcawu esifanayo. Izingxenye zesakhiwo ekuqaleni zazigqokiswe emabulazeni ase-Italy eCarrara, kodwa abaklami basebenzise ama-slabs ayemncane kakhulu okwenzeke iphutha elibi kakhulu - emva kweminyaka eminingi yezinyathelo ze-stopgap, abanikazi besakhiwo kwakudingeka bagcwalise isakhiwo sonke I-granite esikhundleni se-$ 80 million.

10 kwangu-10

Misa 10: Michigan Avenue Cliff

Hamba eningizimu ngaphesheya kweMichigan Avenue futhi uzobona iKlaff Dwellers Club , eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-Historic Michigan Boulevard District. Ukwandisa ukusuka eRandolph Street eningizimu kuya ku-11th Street, kulula ukubona ukuthi ithola kanjani i-moniker yayo. Lezi zakhiwo zihlangana ndawonye naphezu kwezindlela zabo zokwakha izakhiwo, bonke abanezindlela ezifanayo ezivela emgwaqweni, futhi linikeza indawo ehamba phambili edolobheni. Hamba phansi ibhlo elilodwa futhi uzobuya lapho uhambo lwethu luqala khona, i- Art Institute yaseChicago .