UCarl B. Stokes uyaziwa ngokuba nguMeya wase-Cleveland wama-51 - uMeya wokuqala waseMelika waseMelika wedolobha elikhulu lase-United States. Wayeseyisosha, ummeli, ilungu le-Ohio House of Representatives, umsakazo, ijaji, ubaba, umfowabo kuCongressman, kanye noMmeli wase-US.
Iminyaka Yokuqala
UCarl Burton Stokes wazalelwa eCleveland ngo-1927 indodana yesibili kaCharles noLouise Stokes. Abazali bakhe babevela eGeorgia futhi beza enyakatho ngesikhathi "Ukufuduka Okukhulu" ekuphishekeleni amathuba angcono emphakathini nasomnotho.
Uyise wayengumhlanzi wempahla kanye nonina umfazi wokuhlanza. UCharles Stokes ushonele lapho uCarl eneminyaka emibili ubudala kanti umama wakhe wakhulisa abafana bakhe ababili ohlelweni lwezindlu lwe-Outhwaite Homes ngo-E 69th St.
E-Army
Efuna ukuphunyuka ubumpofu ebuntwaneni bakhe, uStekes uphume esikoleni esiphakeme ngo-1944 futhi wasebenza kancane ukuze uT Thompson Products (kamuva abe yi-TRW). Ngo-1945, wajoyina ibutho. Ngemva kokuphuma kwakhe ngo-1946, wabuyela eCleveland; uqede isikole esiphakeme; futhi, ngokusizwa uMthethosivivinywa we-GI, waphumelela eNyuvesi yaseM Minnesota futhi kamuva waseCleveland Marshall Law School.
Ukuphila kwezombusazwe
UStekes waqala umsebenzi wakhe wezombusazwe ehhovisi likaMshushisi waseCleveland. Ngo-1962, wakhethwa e-Ohio House of Representatives, umsebenzi owawubambelela emithathu. Ngo-1965, wahlukunyezwa ngokuncintisana nomasipala waseCleveland. Wagijima futhi ngo-1967 futhi washaya (wayenamavoti angu-50.5%) uSeth Taft, umzukulu kaMongameli William H.
I-Taft. Ngokunqoba kwakhe, inkathi yamandla omnyama wezombusazwe e-US yayingumdala.
Ummeli Wokuqala Omnyama waseMelika
I-Stokes izuze i-Cleveland eyayihlonyiswa ngokobuhlanga, cishe wonke ama-Clevelanders abamnyama (99.5%) abahlala ngasempumalanga yoMfula iCuyahoga, abaningi bahlala emadolobheni asebekhulile, asebekhulile.
I-Stokes yandisa intela yentela yedolobha futhi yathola imvume yokuvota yezikole, izindlu, i-zoo, namanye amaphrojekthi omuzi. Wadala futhi i- "Cleveland Now!" Uhlelo, inhlangano eyimali eyimali ekhokhelwayo ukuze kusize izidingo eziningi zomphakathi.
Umdlandla wokuqala wezokuphatha kwakhe wonakaliswa lapho umphakathi waseClenveland (omkhulu) omnyama waseGlenville uqhuma ngobudlova ngo-1968. Lapho kufundiswa ukuthi abahleli bezingxabano babethole imali evela ku-"Cleveland Now!", Iminikelo yomile futhi ukwethembeka kukaStekes . Ukhethe ukungabi nesikhathi sesithathu.
Umsakazo, iJaji, i-Ambassador
Ngemva kokushiya ihhovisi likamengameli ngo-1971, uStekes wathuthela eNew York City, lapho eqala khona ukuqinisa i-African-American anchorman kulelo dolobha ngo-1972. Ngo-1983 wabuyela eCleveland ukuba ayoba yijaji kamasipala, okuthunyelwe kwakhe iminyaka engu-11 . Ngo-1994, uMengameli uClinton wammisa uMbusi wase-United States eRiphabhlikhi yaseSychelles.
Umndeni
UStekes washada kathathu: uShirley Edwards ngo-1958 (bahlukanisa ngo-1973) noRaija Kostadinov ngo-1981 (bahlukanisa ngo-1993) futhi ngo-1996. Wayenabantwana abane - uCarl Jr., uCordi, uCordell noCynthia . Umfowabo ungumongameli wase-US, uLouis Stokes. Amantombazane akhe ahlanganisa uCleveland uJaji Angela Stokes nomshushisi uLori Stokes.
Ukufa
UCarl Stokes utholakale enomdlavuza wesifo ngesikhathi ehlala eSychelles. Wabuyela eyokwelashwa eMtholampilo yaseCleveland, lapho afela khona ngo-1996. Wangcwatshwa eCheveland's Lake View Emangcwabeni , lapho okusho khona ukuthi "UNgqongqoshe uCarl B. Stokes," umsebenzi ayewuqhenya kakhulu ngawo. Ngomhla kaJuni 21 ngosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe, iqembu laseClevelanders liguqula impilo yakhe endaweni engcwabeni.
> Imithombo
> Carl B. Stokes kanye nokuphakama kwamandla amakhulu ezombusazwe , uLeonard N. Moore; I-University of Illinois Press; 2002
I-Encyclopedia of Cleveland History , ihlanganiswe futhi ihlelwe nguDavid D. Tassel noJohn J. Grabowski; I-Indiana University Press; 1987; ikhasi 670
> Izithembiso Zamandla: I-Political Autobiography , uCarl B. Stokes; USimon noSphuster; 1973