Ngesinye isikhathi, i-Arizona yayiyaziwa ngamazwe ngamazwe njengesihluthulelo sabanenkinga yokuphefumula. Ngezifo ezivela emithonjeni ye-asthma kuya kwesifo sofuba, iziguli zithengelele endaweni ukuze zithole usizo.
I-Cloud Brown
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, izakhamuzi zaseVall of the Sun sezilokhu zifuna ukukhululeka kwazo. I-"Cloud Cloud", njengoba sekuyaziwa, ihlanganisa indawo yasePhoenix ekungcoleni cishe cishe unyaka wonke okwenza ukuthi i-American Lung Association inikeze uMaricopa County ibanga eliphansi kunayo yonke izinga lokungena emoyeni kokubili i-ozone kanye ne-particulates ngo-2005.
Ngokusho kombiko we-"State of the Air 2005", iningi elingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2.6, noma i-79%, izakhamizi zesifundazwe zisengozini enkulu yokucindezeleka ngokuphefumula ngenxa yekhwalithi yomoya. Phakathi kwalabo abasengozini kukhona izakhamuzi ezine-asthma, i-bronchitis, isifo senhliziyo, nesifo sikashukela.
Okubangela Izinkinga Zobunini be-Phoenix Air Quality
Ngokuyinhloko, i-Cloud Cloud inezinhlayiyana ezincane zegesi ne-nitrogen dioxide gas. Lezi zinto zifakwa emoyeni ikakhulukazi ekushiseni amafutha ashisayo. Izimoto, uthuli oluhlobene nolwakhiwo, izitshalo zamandla, ama-mowers asegesi anegesi, amaqabunga amaqabunga, nokunye okufaka isandla efwini nsuku zonke.
Ngenkathi ezinye izindawo ezizungeze izwe zinezinto ezifanayo zokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezincane ngaphandle kwemiphumela ebonakalayo emva kwemiphumela, indawo, isimo sezulu, nokukhula okusheshayo okuheha izakhamuzi nezivakashi kule ndawo futhi kusiza ukugibela lezo zinhlayiya kanye negesi.
Ebusuku, isendlalelo sokuguqulwa sakha ngaphezu kwesiGodi.
Njengoba kunoma yikuphi ugwadule, umoya oseduze nomhlabathi uhamba ngokushesha kunomoya ophezulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezinye izintaba, umoya opholile uhamba phezulu emoyeni ofudumele entshonalanga kusukela ezintabeni ezungezile.
Ngenxa yalokho, umoya ugibele eduze nomhlabathi esiGodini, umoya oqukethe ubuningi bezingcola endaweni, usakazeka.
Njengoba indawo egwadule iphosa emini, ama-particulate aphakama enza i-haze ebonakalayo ehamba njengoba usuku luqhubeka.
Kulo lonke usuku, ukuhamba emoyeni eSigodini kubangela ukuhlukahluka kwi-Cloud Cloud. Kusukela maphakathi nosuku, ifu liyaqhutshelwa empumalanga. Njalo lapho ilanga lishona, umjikelezo uqala futhi.
Umhlangano We-Brown Cloud
Ngo-Mashi 2000, uMbusi uJane Hull wakha uMbusi kaGreen Cloud Summit, ikomidi lezombusazwe zendawo kanye namabhizinisi, azinikele ekubuyiseleni umoya weVall to once it's clear blue. Eholwa yi-meteorologist kanye nongumengameli wesifundazwe u-Ed Phillips, iSommit yahlola le nkinga izinyanga eziyishumi. Ngokusho kombiko wokugcina we-Brown Cloud Summit, inqubo echazwe ngenhla ingagcini nje kuphela ukuthungatha izintaba ezibonakala ngokucacile ezizungezile i-Valley, futhi zenza kube nezigameko eziphakeme kunezingqinamba zezinkinga zezempilo, ikakhulukazi izifo zokuphefumula ezibandakanya ukwelapha kanye nesifo sofuba, okuholela ekuphakeme kunokujwayelekile izinga lokufa kusuka ezifweni zenhliziyo namaphaphu.
Okumele Kwenzelwe Ukuthuthukisa Ikhwalithi Yomoya YasePhoenix
Le ngqungquthela iphethe ngokuthi kuphela ikhambi lokubambisana linganciphisa noma liqede i-Brown Cloud. Okokuqala, izakhamuzi zasePenienix kumele ziqonde izimbangela nemiphumela yokungcola komoya. Khona-ke, ngokubambisana namabhizinisi asekhaya kanye neziphathimandla ezikhethiwe, kumele kuncishiswe ukungena kokungcola emoyeni ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuzithandela nezilawulwayo.
Izakhamuzi ezizimele kanye nabanikazi bebhizinisi bangathatha isinyathelo, ngokwesibonelo, ukunciphisa izimoto nge-telecommuting, carpooling, nokukhuthaza kanye / noma ukuxhasa ukusetshenziswa kokuhamba komphakathi kufaka phakathi uhlelo oluzayo oluzobheja kuFenix ​​nasemiphakathini eyayizungezile.
Ezinye izinyathelo zihlanganisa ukulungisa nokulungisa izimoto ngokulawulwa kweziphephelo ezisebenzayo noma ezinye izinhlelo zokuphehla ugesi kanye nokuthenga izimoto ezihlanzekile ezihamba phambili zezinkampani zebhizinisi kanye nohulumeni.
Abakhiqizi bezinto ezizenzakalelayo baye basabela ekudleni kwezimoto "ezimilayo" ngokukhiqiza izinhlobo zemvelo ezingasetshenziswa ugesi noma uphethiloli, futhi izimoto eziphethwe yigesi yemvelo egxilile (CNG) noma i-biodiesel eyenziwe ezintweni ezivuselelekayo ezifana namafutha omquba nama-soya.
Ukucwaninga ukusebenzisa ama-hydrogen fuel cells okhipha amanzi nje kuphela kodwa akulindelekile ukuthi kubangele imoto engenazimboni ezithengekayo iminyaka eminingana.
Imithethonqubo evunyelwe nayo idlala indima ekunciphiseni ukungcola kwendawo. Imoto eqinile kanye nokukhishwa kwezimboni kuye kwafakwa iminyaka eminingi ukuze kuhambisane nezincomo zeSommit kanye nemithetho ye-Federal Protection Agency (EPA).
Imbonini enamandla iye yaqashwa ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-smokestack. Abalimi kanye nezinkampani zokwakha kumele bahlangabezane namazinga okulawula uthuli okuqhubekayo ukuze kugcinwe amazinga e-particulate phansi.
Ingabe izinga le-Phoenix lomoya lithuthukisiwe kusukela ngo-2000?
Ngokusho kwe-EPA, umoya wendawo yasePhoenix uthuthukile phakathi neminyaka embalwa eyedlule, kodwa i-ejensi yakhipha uMaricopa County ngokuthi "Isaziso Sokuntula" ngoMeyi 2005 ngokuphulwa okuphindaphindiwe phakathi nezinyanga ezandulele zamazinga omgangatho we-air federal owenziwe ngo-1990 ahlanzekile Umthetho Womoya. Ngenkathi idatha isabuyekezwa ngo-2005, ngo-2004 uMasipala waseMaricopa waqeda ukuphulwa okunjalo kwezi-30.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-EPA inqume ukuthi ukungcoliswa kwe-particulate yendawo kumele kutholakale okungenani ama-5% ngonyaka ngokusekelwe emazingeni amanje. Lezo zicucu zizophoqelelwa kuze kube yilapho i-federal agency iyaneliseka ngamanye amazinga ezempilo ahlangene. Izikhulu zendawo zaze kwaba sekupheleni konyaka ka 2007 ukuletha uhlelo lwazo ku-EPA ukuze zihlangabezane nalawo mazinga amasha.
Izikhulu zaseMaricopa County zabizwa ngo-2005 ngokuthi "yizinga elibi kunawo wonke lekhwalithi yomoya emoyeni" ngokusho kombiko kaJanuwari 2006 "e-Arizona Republic." Umnyango we-Quality of Environmental (ADEQ) wase-Arizona (i-ADEQ) uMqondisi uSteve Owens uthe ukungcoliswa komoya phakathi nobusika ka-2005 "kwakufana nohlobo lwe-Brown Cloud kwi-steroids."
I-polls Embi kakhulu e-Phoenix
Ngokusho koMnyango wezoMoya waseMaricopa County osanda kutholakala, abaphuli ababi kakhulu abafaka isandla ekukhuphukeni kwamuva kwendawo ekhwalweni lomoya kubonakala sengathi bangabakhi bezindlu abakhokhela amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaRandi ngezinkokhelo zothuli nokuphulwa kwemvume ngonyaka odlule.
Abakhiqizi, izinkampani zamaloli kanye nabanye abaningi baye bahlawuliswa umnyango ngezinkohlakalo ezihlukahlukene.
Ngaphandle kokulawula abashayeli bezimboni, izikhulu zaseKunishini zizama ukufinyelela izakhamizi zendawo ukuba zihlanganyele ekuhlanzeni umoya. Izincomo zibandakanya ukugcina izimoto ezilungiswe kahle, ukunciphisa nokuhlanganisa ukuhamba, ukusebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi, nokugwema ukusebenzisa izitofu zokhuni noma izitsha zangasese zangaphakathi ngenkathi kuphakanyiswa izincomo eziphakeme zokungcola, okubizwa nangokuthi "izinsuku ezingenasishisayo." Izakhamuzi zingashayela (602) 506-6400 nganoma isiphi isikhathi imilayezo ngesiNgisi naseSpanishi echaza imingcele evuthayo yokushisa imithi.
Imithethonqubo eyengeziwe ingacatshangelwa kuMasipala waseMaricopa kubandakanya ukuqiniswa okuqinile kwemigomo yezimoto nezimboni kanye neziqondiso zothuli kanye nokwandisa ukuvinjelwa kokushisa emlilweni. Amadolobha angase acabange ukubeka imingcele emigqumeni yezingqimba kanye neminye imithombo yokungcoliswa kwezinhlayiyana ezingakalawulwa kakade.
Ngibheka phambili
Okwamanje, izakhamuzi zaseVall nezivakashi zizoqhubeka nokubhekana nemiphumela yezempilo ye-Cloud Cloud ngokwenza okusemandleni abo okubandakanya ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwesikhashana lapho kuneseluleko esivamile kakhulu sezinga lomoya kanye nokuvakashela odokotela babo noma amakamelo okuphuthumayo esibhedlela lapho ukuphefumula kuba yindlala .
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, i- Valley of the Sun yomoya ohlanzekile kwakuyisiluleko esingummangaliso kulabo abanezifo zokuphefumula. Ngenkathi le ndawo ingeke ibe yinto elula njengaleyo futhi, ingaba ihlanzekile ekhulwini lama-21 ngosizo lwabahlali bendawo kanye namabhizinisi. Lokho kuzosiza wonke umuntu obiza leyo ndawo ngokuthi "ikhaya" uphefumule kakhulu.