Umlando e-Little Rock
Cabanga ukuthi ubusuku obusuku bakho bokuqala beSikole esiphakeme. Ugcwele injabulo, ukwesaba nokuhlukunyezwa. Uyabuza ukuthi lesi sikole siyoba njani. Ingabe amakilasi azoba nzima? Ingabe abafundi bayothanda wena? Ingabe othisha bayoba nobungane? Ufuna ukungenelela. Isisu sakho sigcwele izimvemvane njengoba uzama ukulala futhi uzibuze ukuthi kuzokwenzekani kusasa.
Manje ake ucabange ukuthi ungumfundi omnyama ngo-1957 ulungiselela ukuya esikoleni sase-Little Rock Central High ukuzama lokho okwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka-ukuhlanganiswa kwezikole zomphakathi.
Laba bafundi babengazi ukuthi umphakathi ucabangani ngokungena kwabo esikoleni esiphakeme "esimhlophe". Abazange bakhathazeke ngokungena. Abamhlophe abaningi, kuhlanganise nombusi ngaleso sikhathi, u-Orval Faubus, babemelene nabo. Okukhathazeka kakhulu kubafundi kwakuyiqiniso lokuthi abaningi abamnyama nabo bacabanga ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kweCentral kungabangela izinkinga eziningi emncintiswaneni wabo kunokuhle.
Ngobusuku ngaphambi kukaThelma Mothershed, u-Elizabeth Eckford, uMelba Pattillo, uJefferson Thomas, u-Ernest Green, uMinniejean Brown, uCarlotta Walls, uTerrence Roberts noGloria Ray, noma "i-Little Rock Nine" njengoba umlando uwakhumbula, bekungena esikoleni esiphakeme ubusuku bokuthula bokulala. Kwakubusuku obugcwele inzondo. UFaubus umemezele ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwakungeke kwenzeke esitatimendeni esithelevishini futhi wabiza i-Arkansas National Guard ukuba izungeze i-Central High futhi igcine bonke abamnyama bephuma esikoleni. Bawagcina bephuma kulolo suku lokuqala lwekilasi.
UDaisy Bates ucele abafundi ukuba bamlindele ngoLwesithathu, usuku lwesibili lwesikole, futhi balungiselele bonke abafundi abayisishiyagalolunye yena ngokwakhe ukuba angene esikoleni ndawonye. Ngeshwa, u-Elizabeth Eckford, omunye wabayisishiyagalolunye, wayengenayo ifoni. Akakaze athole umlayezo futhi uzama ukungena esikoleni yodwa emnyango wangaphambili.
Isixuku esithukuthele samhlangabeza, samsongoza, njengoba uMbusi Kazwelonke we-Arkansas ebuka. Ngenhlanhla, abamhlophe ababili bahamba phambili ukuze bamsize futhi wabaleka ngaphandle kokulimala. Abanye abayisishiyagalolunye baphinde baphonswa ukuvunyelwa yi-National Guard abalawulwa yiGavane Faubus.
Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokhu, NgoSeptemba 20, iJaji uRonald N. Davies lanikeze abameli baka-NAACP uThugood Marshall noWiley Branton umyalo owavimbela uMbusi Faubus ukuba asebenzise i-National Guard ukuphika abafundi abayisishiyagalolunye abamnyama abaya eNkathazweni ePhakeme. UFaubus umemezele ukuthi uzohambisana nesinqumo senkantolo kodwa ephakamisa ukuthi abayisishiyagalolunye bahlale kude ukuze bavikeleke. UMongameli u-Eisenhower uthumele i-101st Airborne Division eya Little Rock ukuvikela abafundi abayisishiyagalolunye. Umfundi ngamunye wayenogada. Abafundi bangena e-Central High futhi bavikelwe ngandlela-thile, kodwa babeyizishushiso. Abafundi bawaphambuka, babashaya, futhi bahlambalaza. Owesifazane omhlophe baxoshe izingane zabo esikoleni, futhi ngisho nabamnyama babatshela abayisishiyagalolunye ukuba bayeke. Kungani behlala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kangaka? U-Ernest Green uthi "Thina izingane senza lokhu ngokuyinhloko ngoba sasingazi kangcono, kodwa abazali bethu babezimisele ukubeka imisebenzi yabo, nemindeni yabo emgqeni."
Omunye wamantombazane, uMinniejean Brown, unqatshelwe ukulahla isitsha selili ekhanda lomunye wabashushisi bakhe futhi akazange aqede unyaka wesikole. Omunye u-8 waphela ngonyaka. U-Ernest Green waphothula kulo nyaka. Wayenguye omnyama wokuqala owake waphumelela ku- Central High .
Lokho kwakungewona ukuphela kobutha obuzungeze abayisishiyagalolunye. UFaubus wabekwa ukuvimbela izikole zakhe ukuba zihlangane. I-Little Rock School Board yanikezwa umyalo wokubambezela ukuhlanganiswa kuze kube ngu-1961.
Kodwa-ke, lesi sigwebo sabhidlika yiNkantolo Yokwedluliswa YesiFundazwe sase-United States futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwaphakanyiswa iNkantolo Ephakeme ngo-1958. UFaubus wayinaki lesi sinqumo futhi wasebenzisa amandla akhe ukuvala izikole zomphakathi zika Little Rock. Ngesikhathi sokuvalwa, abafundi abamhlophe beza ezikoleni ezizimele endaweni kodwa abafundi abamnyama babengenakukhetha ngaphandle kokulinda.
Abafundi abathathu be-Little Rock Nine basuswa. Amashumi ayisihlanu asele athatha izifundo zokuxhumana ezivela eNyuvesi yase-Arkansas. Lapho izenzo zikaFaubus zibikwa zingavumelani noMthethosisekelo futhi ezikoleni zavulwa ngo-1959, abafundi ababili abamnyama kuphela babelwa eCentral - Jefferson Thompson naseCarlotta Walls. Baphumelela ngo-1959.
Laba bafundi abangu-9, nakuba bebengasazi ngaleso sikhathi, benza amagagasi amakhulu emnyangweni wezabasebenzi. Akubonanga nje ukuthi abantu abamnyama bangalwela amalungelo abo kanye ne- WIN , futhi baletha nomqondo wokuhlukanisa phambili ezingqondweni zabantu.
Babonisa lesi sizwe ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo eziyingozi futhi eziyingozi abanye abamhlophe abangayithatha ukuze bavikele ukucwaswa. Ngokungangabazeki, izenzakalo zaseCentral High ziphefumulelwe eziningi zokudla kwasemini kanye nezindawo zokukhululeka kanye nabamnyama abaphefumulelwe ukuba babambe imbangela yamalungelo abantu. Uma lezi zingane eziyisishiyagalolunye zingakwazi ukuthatha umsebenzi omkhulu, nazo zingase zenze umsebenzi omkhulu.
Kufanele sihloniphe isibindi sabafundi abayisishiyagalolunye nokuqiniseka ngoba yibo, nabantu abanjengawo, abakhe indlela esiphila ngayo namhlanje. Abantu, abahlala manje, babelana ngemibono yabo kanye nesibindi esizokwenza indlela esihlala ngayo esikhathini esizayo. Yebo, sesifikile kude ukusuka e-Central High ngo-1957 kodwa sisenendlela ende yokuhamba.