Kingda Huh?
Lapho iqala ngo-2005, i-Kingda Ka e- New Jersey i-Six Flags Great Adventure yabe isho ukuthi yiziqu ezimbili ze - roller coaster yomhlaba omude kakhulu futhi esheshayo. I-adrenaline yayo yokuhamba nge-adrenaline engu-50.6 eyithumela i-coaster ihamba ngesivinini esingaphezulu kwe-456-foot top tower futhi ifinyelela ngesivinini esiphezulu se-128 mph emasekhondini angu-3.5. Yikes!
Yini eyenza i- Kingda Ka ibe irekhodi elimangalisayo lokuqopha i-oomph? Hydraulics.
Uma leyo ncazelo ye-pithy ingabe uyayifaka ikhanda lakho, ake siphumelele kwenye imininingwane.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1970, cishe wonke ama-rollers coasters lanamuhla ayejwayelekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amathrekhi ayenziwe ngamapulangwe noma ensimbi, i-poky lift chain eyenziwe yi-motor-click-clack-cock isitimela se-coaster kancane kancane up hill lift. Phezulu kwegquma, lolu chungechunge oluxoshwayo kanye nodonsela phansi ludlulile.
Ama-coasters amaningi akhiwe kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa indlela evivinywe yiqiniso, kodwa abanye abagibeli bekhwele baye bafaka amagquma asezingeni elivamile ngezinhlelo zokuqalisa. Bangakwazi ukulinganisa ukusheshisa, ukuvinjelwa, ukuphakama, kanye (nokuyiqiniso) okuthakazelisayo, kanye nokudala izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhamba kohambo. Ekhanda esiteshini sokulayisha, u-coasters uqale njengo-Kingda Ka ukuqeda ukulindela kwentaba yokuphakama nokuletha isenzo esingenzi lutho kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.
Ukuze uthumele izitimela ezihamba phambili kanye nabagibeli babo abangenabuthakathaka bememeza kusukela lapho behamba khona, abagibeli bekhanda baye bahlakulela izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuqalisa, kuhlanganise ne-magnetic propulsion, umoya ocindezelweyo, kanye nama-gezzed-up motors kagesi.
Kodwa ama-hydraulic ahlinzeka ngendlela elula futhi elula yokuthola ngokushesha izimoto ezihamba ngokushesha-KUKHULU ngokushesha.
I-Coaster kwi-Steroids
Isistimu yokwethulwa kwe-hydraulic ifana ne-coaster lift-hill coaster ... kuma-mega amanani we-steroids. Esikhundleni seketheni lokuphakamisa, i-coaster isebenzisa ikhebula elilimazwe eduze kwe-winch enkulu.
Ukunamathiselwe kwikhebula kuyimoto yokubamba, idivayisi evulela izitimela futhi ikwazi ukuyibeka phansi ithrekhi yokuqalisa. Ukushada laba bobabili, "inja" yehlela phansi phakathi kwesitimela kanye nezinkophe emotweni yokudoba. Cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zendlela eya phansi ye-Kingda Ka's ukulandelwa kwezingqimba, isitimela sigijimela esivinini sayo esiphezulu, inqwaba yezinja nokukhishwa kwesitimela, ama-brake magnetic anciphisa imoto yokubamba, futhi isitimela siyaqhubeka nesiphezulu esiphezulu se-hat6 456. Ukuvuthwa komzimba kuthatha isitimela ngaphesheya kombhoshongo bese ubuyela esiteshini.
Ngokungafani nama-coasters avamile, okuyinto evame ukufinyelela isivinini sayo esiphezulu ngemuva kokugqilaza phansi, iwashi lika-Kingda Ka ngo-128 mph endleleni eya embhoshongweni. "Ngokwemfundiso, sifuna ukushaya isivinini esifanayo emaceleni omabili ombhoshongo," kusho uMichael Reitz, unjiniyela oyinhlangano eneziThuthi eziyisithupha kanye nelungu leqembu lokuthuthukisa elasebenza ku-Kingda Ka. "Kodwa umoya, umthwalo osindayo wabagibeli, ukushisa, umswakama, nezinye izici zithinta isivinini sangempela." Uthi i-Kingda Ka ivame ukuphindaphinda cishe ku-120 mph ngaphansi komunye uhlangothi lombhoshongo ngaphambi kokuba ihambise intaba yayo yesibili iphinde ihambe ekhaya.
Lokho kuchaza ukuthi izitimela zikaKingda Ka zithwala kanjani esiteshini sokulayisha.
Kodwa i-winch ikhiqiza kanjani ngokwanele ukugxilisa ikhebula ngaphansi komzila wokuqalisa? Hydraulics.
U-Reitz uchaza ukuthi i-winch ixhunywe kuma-motors ayisishiyagalombili-hp ama-hydraulic ahlala emgodini omkhulu wamanzi kagesi. Igesi le-nitrogen egxilile iphoqa umthamo ngamanzi ukuze akhiqize amandla. Unjiniyela uthi amanjini athumela amandla akwenza ama-accumulator esitokisini esisekuqaleni futhi afanisa inqubo yokushaya amabhaluni.
"Bathengisa amandla amakhulu, khona-ke ngesikhathi esifanele, amaphuzu, bayakukhulula," kusho uReitz. "Bayakwazi ukukhiqiza amahhashi angama-20 800." Uma kuqhathaniswa, injini yemoto ivame ukuhambisa cishe i-175 hp. Sikhuluma ngamandla amakhulu lapha.
Ngisho esheshayo nesikhulu?
Kukhona okunye okufanayo (uma kuncane futhi okuhamba kancane) ama-rocket coasters, okufaka i-Top Thrill Dragster eCedar Point ne- Xcelerator ku-Knott's Berry Farm).
Ngama-specs akhe aphezulu, ama-ultra-fast, i-Kingda Ka ibuza lo mbuzo: Bangakhi abade kakhulu futhi basheshayo abakwazi ukwenza ama-coasters? "Inselele akusiyo ukuthi 'Singayenza yini?' "U-Reitz uthi, ekhuluma ngokunyuka kwama-brinkmanship. "Umbuzo uwukuthi 'Ngezindleko zini?' "
Amapaki angancika kuma-coaster abalandeli abesebenza ukuze bavivinye iminyango yabo emikhakheni emikhulu, esheshayo, kodwa amalungelo okuzigabisa aya kuphela kuze kube manje lapho izibalo zebhontshisi zibukeka ekubuyiseni kwezimali zokutshala izimali. Isibhakabhaka, ngokusobala, singumkhawulo (njengokuthi umqhudelwano we-speedometer), kodwa zingaki amapaki angathanda ukugoqa amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi kuzodingeka ukuba akhe ama-coasters ahlaba isibhakabhaka?
Njengoba i-Kingda Ka ivulekile, enye i-Formula Rossa e-Ferrari World e-Abu Dhabi, ihambise ukugijima kweNew Jersey njenge -roller coaster esheshayo emhlabeni . Ibuye isebenzise uhlelo lokuqalisa uhlelo lwamanzi. Kusukela ngo-2018, i- Kingda Ka isabamba irekhodi eliphakeme . Kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside ngokusobala. I- "coaster coaster" ebizwa ngokuthi yi-SkyScraper okuthiwa ifika e-Orlando (nakuba ukuvula kwayo kwabikwa izikhathi ezimbalwa) kuyoba ngaphezu kwesikhala samanje.