Ukuhlela i-Cruise e-Continent White
Kungani umuntu engafuna ukuvakashela i-Antarctica? Yindawo ebandayo kunazo zonke, elula kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Isikhathi sezokuvakasha sinezinyanga ezine ezide kakhulu. Azikho izitolo, ama-pier, amabhishi angavamile, noma izindawo zokuvakasha emachwebeni ase-Antarctic call. U-ocean owela eNingizimu Melika, e-Afrika, noma e-Australia cishe njalo unzima. Izwekazi elingavamile, abantu bavame ukungaqondi noma abazi izinto eziningi nge-Antarctica .
Naphezu kwazo zonke lezizinto ezibhekwayo, i-Antarctica isendleleni abaningi abahambahambayo "okumele bayibone".
Labo kithi abathanda ukuhamba ngezinyawo banenhlanhla ngoba indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvakashela i-Antarctica ihamba ngomkhumbi wemikhumbi. Njengoba eziningi zezilwane zasendle e-Antarctica zitholakala emagqumeni amancane angenaqhwa ogwini oluzungeza lezi ziqhingi nasezindaweni zasemaphandleni, abagibeli abahamba ngezinyawo akudingeki baphuthelwe kunoma yiliphi ilwandle elithakazelisayo, umhlaba, noma izidalwa zomoya ezithandekayo kuleli zwekazi elithakazelisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Antarctica ayinaso ingqalasizinda yezokuvakasha njengamahhotela, izindawo zokudla, noma iziqondiso zokuvakasha, ngakho umkhumbi wokuhamba ngomkhumbi uyindlela efanele yokuvakashela i-White Continent. Inothi elilodwa: Ngeke uze eSouth Pole emkhunjini. Ngokungafani neNorth Pole, ephakathi nendawo ye-Arctic Ocean, iNingizimu Pole ingamakhulu amakhilomitha angaphakathi, ehlala echwebeni eliphezulu. Ezinye izivakashi eNingizimu Pole ziye zathola ukugula okuphakeme.
Ingemuva
Nakuba amaphesenti angama-95 e-Antarctica egcwele iqhwa, kunamadwala nenhlabathi ngaphansi kwalo lonke iqhwa, futhi leli zwekazi liphindwe kabili ubukhulu be-Australia.
I-Antarctica inokuphakama okuphakama kakhulu kunoma yiliphi izwekazi elinenxenye engaphezu kwesigamu somhlaba ngamamitha angu-6 500 + ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Inani eliphakeme kunazo zonke e-Antarctica lingaphezu kuka-11 000 amamitha. Njengoba i-Antarctica ithola ngaphansi kwamasentimitha amane emvula yamanzi ngonyaka, yonke into ngendlela yeqhwa, ifaneleka njengehlane elimnyama.
Imikhumbi ye-Cruise ivakashela i-Peninsula yase-Antarctic, isiqephu eside, esinezinhlamvu esinezinhlamvu eseza eNingizimu Melika. Imikhumbi ingafinyelela eziqhingini zaseShetland kanye nale Peninsula ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuwela iDrakes Passage, enye yezingxenye zomhlaba ezidume kakhulu zelwandle oluvulekile.
Ulwandle olungeze i-Antarctica lungenye yezici zalo ezithakazelisayo. Imimoya nemifudlana yasolwandle ihlangana ngokubi, okwenza le ndawo yolwandle ibe yinto enzima kakhulu. I-Antarctic Convergence yisifunda lapho amanzi ashisayo, asemanzini afuduka eningizimu esuka eNingizimu Melika ahlangana namanzi abandayo abandayo, abanzi futhi ahlanzekile ahamba enyakatho esuka e-Antarctica. Le mikhondo ephikisanayo ihlala ixuba futhi ibangele imvelo ecebile kakhulu ngobuningi be-plan plankton. I-plankton idonsela inqwaba yezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle. Umphumela wokuphela yizilwandle ezidumile ezidumile zeDrake Passage noTierra del Fuego kanye nezinkulungwane zezidalwa ezithakazelisayo eziphila kule ndawo engapheli. Lezo zindawo ezihamba ngezinga elifanayo ngaphesheya kwezwe lase-Australia naseNew Zealand nazo zinamazinga adumile amakhulu; akumangazi ukuthi kuthiwa "amahlanu amahloni" ngemuva kwe-latitude.
Nini ukuya e-Antarctica
Isikhathi sokuvakasha sinezinyanga ezine nje kuphela e-Antarctica, kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari.
Okunye konyaka akukona nje kubanda kakhulu (njengamazinga angaphansi kwama-degree angama-50 ngezansi kwe-zero) kodwa futhi isikhathi esimnyama noma esicishe sibe mnyama isikhathi esiningi. Ngisho noma ungakwazi ukuma emakhazeni awukwazi ukubona lutho. Inyanga ngayinye inezikhangisi zayo. NgoNovemba kusekuqaleni kwehlobo, futhi izinyoni zihamba futhi zihlangana. Ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba noJanuwari kuhlanganisa ama-penguins aphuca amantombazane namantombazane, kanye namazinga okushisa okushisa namahora angama-20 emini ngosuku. UFebhuwari usekupheleni kwehlobo, kodwa ama-whale abukwa njalo futhi amatshwele aqala ukuba yizinkukhu. Kukhona neqhwa elincane ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, futhi imikhumbi ayibhaliswe njengasekuqaleni kwenkathi.
Izinhlobo ze-Cruise Ships Ukuvakashela i-Antarctica
Nakuba abahloli bamazwe behamba ngamanzi ase-Antarctic kusukela ngekhulu le-15, abavakashi bokuqala abazange bafike kuze kube ngo-1957 lapho indiza yasePan American esuka kuKristuchurch, eNew Zealand ifika isikhashana eMcMurdo Sound.
Ukuvakasha kwakutholile ngempela kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960 lapho abashayeli bezokuvakasha bezohambo beqala ukuhambisa uhambo. Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, imikhumbi engaba ngu-50 ithathe izivakashi zibe ngamanzi ase-Antarctic. Cishe abangu-20 000 balabavakashi abahlala emanzini ase-Antarctica kanye nezinye izinkulungwane ezihamba ngomkhumbi emanzini ase-Antarctic noma behamba phezu kwezwekazi. Izindiza ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu kusuka kwabangaphansi kuka-50 kuya kwabangu-1000 abagibeli. Imikhumbi iyahlukahluka ezinhlobonhlobo, kusukela ezikebheni eziyisisekelo zokuhambisa ukuya emikhumbi encane yokuhambisa imikhumbi eya emikhulu emikhumbi yemikhumbi yokuhamba emikhumbi encane yokuhamba ngemikhumbi. Noma ngabe yikuphi uhlobo lomkhumbi owukhethayo, uzoba nokukhumbula okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Antarctic cruise .
Enye yexwayiso: imikhumbi eminye ayivumeli abagibeli ukuba bahambe ogwini e-Antarctica. Banikeza ama-vistas amahle kakhulu endaweni ekhangayo yase-Antarctic, kodwa kuphela kusukela emgodini womkhumbi. Lolu hlobo "lokuhamba ngomkhumbi" lwe-Antarctic cruise, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isipiliyoni" se-Antarctic, lusiza ukugcina intengo phansi, kodwa kungadumazeka uma ukufika emhlabathini we-Antarctic kubalulekile kuwe. Ababhalisi be-Antarctic Treaty ka-1959 kanye namalungu e-International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators awavumeli noma yimiphi imikhumbi ethwele abagibeli abangaphezu kuka-500 ukuthumela abagibeli ngasogwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhumbi ayikwazi ukuthumela abantu abangaphezu kuka-100 ogwini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Imikhumbi emikhulu ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nalesi sibambiso, futhi noma yimuphi umzila wokuhamba ngokungahambisani nawo cishe ngeke uthole imvume yokuya e-Antarctica futhi.
Imikhumbi engaphezu kwengu-4 ivakashela i- Antarctica unyaka ngamunye. Abanye bathatha izivakashi ezingu-25 noma ezimbalwa, ezinye zithwala ngaphezu kwe-1,000. Kuyinto okhethweni lomuntu siqu (kanye ne-pocketbook) ukuthi yikuphi okulingcono kuwe. Ukuvakashela imvelo enonya kuhilela ukuhlela kahle, ngakho kufanele wenze ucwaningo lwakho bese ukhuluma ne-agent yezokuvakasha ngaphambi kokubhuka ukuhamba kwakho.
Nakuba imikhumbi ethwele izivakashi ezingaphezu kuka-500 ayikwazi ukuhambisa abagibeli ogwini e- Antarctica , inenzuzo ethile. Imikhumbi emikhulu ngokuvamile ikhona izindwangu ezijulile neziqinisayo, okwenza uhambo luhambe ngendlela elula. Lokhu kungase kubaluleke kakhulu emanzini amanzi eDakeake Passage naseNingizimu Atlantic. Inzuzo yesibili yukuthi njengoba le mikhumbi inkulu, ukuhamba kungase kungabi nakakhulu njengomkhumbi omncane. Futhi, imikhumbi yendabuko yemikhumbi ibuye inikeze ngemisebenzi kanye nemisebenzi ye -board engekho emikhumbi encane yokuhamba. Isinqumo okumelwe ukwenze, kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi uhambe phambili kuleli zwekazi futhi ubone amapenguwini nezinye izilwane zasendle zisondele?
Kulabo abafuna "ukuthinta phansi" e-Antarctica, imikhumbi eminingi encane inezikhwama eziqhwaqhwa ngeqhwa noma zifaneleke njengeziqhumane zeqhwa. Imikhumbi eqinisekiswa yiqhwa ingakwazi ukuya phambili eningizimu ibe yizingqamuzana zeqhwa kunomkhumbi wendabuko, kodwa kuphela ama-ice breakers angasondela ogwini olwandle lwaseRoss. Uma ubona ama-huts odumile ase-Ross Island ama-explorers kubalulekile kuwe, ungase uqiniseke ukuthi usemkhunjini okwazi ukuwela uLwandle LwaseRoss futhi uwufake kulolu hambo. Okunye okungalungile kwabashayeli beqhwa ukuthi banama-drafts aphansi kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba ngomkhumbi emanzini ashisayo, kodwa hhayi ukuhamba ngomkhumbi olwandle. Uzothola ukunyakaza okuningi ngaphezulu kwe-ice breaker kunomkhumbi wendabuko.
Kulabo abakhathazekile ngokukhipha amanzi emanzini noma amanani, imikhumbi emikhulu ethwele okungaphansi kwekhono labo evamile ingaba yinto ehlelekile. Isibonelo, i- Hurtigruten Midnatsol ihamba ngendlela engaphezu kwezingu-500 izivakashi ezihamba ngezinyawo kanye nezikebhe zokuhamba ngezinsuku ngesikhathi sehlobo layo lasehlobo lase-Norwegian coastal voyages. Kodwa-ke, lapho umkhumbi uhambela e-Antarctica ngenhlobo yamahlobo ehlobo, uguqula umkhumbi wezokuthutha kanye nezivakashi ezingaphansi kuka-500. Njengoba umkhumbi ukhulu kakhulu, unokuzulazula kancane kunezincane, kepha usenayo okuningi emabhokisini nezinsiza kunokuba umkhumbi omncane ungase.
Awekho ama-docks e-Antarctica. Izindiza ezithatha abagibeli ngasogwini zisebenzisa i-Rigid Inflatable Boats (RIBs noma Zodiacs) ezinikezwa yizinjini zangaphandle esikhundleni samathenda. Lezi zikebhe ezincane zilungele ukuhamba komhlaba "okumanzi" ezindaweni ezingasetshenziswanga ze-Antarctica, kodwa noma ubani onenkinga yokuhamba angase ahlale emkhunjini wemikhumbi. Ngokujwayelekile ama-Zodiac athwala abagibeli abayisishiyagalolunye kuya ku-14, umshayeli nomqondisi.
Ukuya Emkhunjini Wakho
Imikhumbi eminingi eya e-Antarctica iqala eNingizimu Melika. I-Ushuaia, i-Argentina ne-Punta Arenas, i-Chile yizona zindawo ezithandwa kakhulu. Abagibeli abasuka eNyakatho Melika noma eYurophu badlula iBuenos Aires noma iSantiago endleleni eya eningizimu yeNingizimu Melika. Kungaba yindiza yehora lesithathu ukusuka eBuenos Aires noma eSantiago kuya ku-Ushuaia noma e-Punta Arenas kanye namanye amahora angu-36 kuya kwangu-48 okuhamba ngomkhumbi esuka lapho eya eShetland Islands futhi ngaphezulu ukuya e-Peninsula yase-Antarctica. Nomaphi lapho uqala khona, kuyindlela ende ukufika lapho. Imikhumbi ethile yokugibela ihambela ezinye izingxenye zaseNingizimu Melika njengePatagonia noma iziQhingi zaseFalkland, kanti ezinye zihlanganisa uhambo oluya e-Antarctica ngokuvakashela esiqhingini saseSouth Georgia.
Imikhumbi ethile isuka eNingizimu Afrika, e-Australia noma eNew Zealand iya e-Antarctica. Uma ubheka ibalazwe lase-Antarctica, ungabona ukuthi kuhamba kancane kusuka kulezo zindawo ukuya ezwekazi kunokuba eNingizimu Melika, okusho ukuthi uhambo luzobandakanya izinsuku eziningi zasolwandle ..
Noma ubani onomqondo we-adventure futhi othanda izinto zangaphandle kanye nezilwane zasendle (ikakhulu lawo ma- penguin ) uyoba nomkhumbi wokuphila uma bevakashela leli zwekazi elimhlophe.