Amapaki Kazwelonke Aphezulu Okugubha Amagugu aseMelika aseMelika
Uyazi ukuthi inyanga kaNovemba yabizwa ngokuthi "Inyanga YesiGugu YaseNational American Indian" ngo-1990? Okuqala njengomzamo wokwethula usuku lweminikelo eyenziwe ngabaseMelika basekuqaleni kwaholela enyangeni yonke yokuqashelwa.
Konke kwaqala nge-American Indian Day. Omunye walabo abaxhasayo ngalolu suku kwakunguDkt. Arthur C. Parker, umSeneca waseNdiya, owayengumqondisi weMyuziyamu Yezobuciko Nezesayensi eRochester, NY.
Ngokucindezela kwakhe, i-Boy Scouts yaseMelika ibeke eceleni usuku "lwabantu baseMelika baseMelika" futhi iminyaka emithathu udumo lwaqhubeka. Ngo-1915, isimemezelo samukelwa ngesikhathi somhlangano weCongress of the American Indian Association e Lawrence, KS ukubiza izwe ukuba ligcine lolo suku. Ngo-Sept. 28, 1915, ngoMgqibelo wesibili kaMeyi ngamunye wabizwa ngokuthi yi-American Indian Day.
Phakathi neminyaka abanye bathi abavumelani ngosuku oluthile lokuqashelwa. Ngesikhathi uMgqibelo wesibili ngoMeyi uvamile kakhulu, uLwesihlanu wesine ngoSeptemba uvame kwabanye. Ngo-1990, uMongameli uGeorge HW Bush wavuma isinqumo esihlangene esasikhethe ngoNovemba "Inyanga Yomlando Kazwelonke YamaNdiya eNdiya." Izimemezelo ezifanayo, kufaka phakathi "Inyanga Yamagugu Amadabuko aseMelika" kanye neNyanga Yesizwe YaseNational American Indian and Alaska.
Ukuhlonishwa kweNative American Monthly Heritage, izenzakalo zenzeka kulo lonke izwe, futhi amapaki kazwelonke adlala indima enkulu emikhosini.
Kukhona amapaki kazwelonke angama-71, izikhumbuzo, amasayithi omlando, kanye nemigwaqo enomlando wayo ojulile kumasiko aseMelika. Konke kufanelekile ukuvakashelwa, kodwa uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ungaqala kuphi, hlola izindawo ezilandelayo zokuhlonipha le nyanga ebalulekile.
I-Wupatki National Monument, e-Arizona
Eminyakeni eyi-1100, umhlaba wawunabantu abaningi kodwa imikhaya yalahlekelwa amakhaya ngenxa yokuqhuma kwesigodi seSunset Crater eseduze.
Njengoba imindeni idinga ukuthola ezinye izindawo zokutshala izitshalo, imizi encane ehlakazekile ishintshwe ngamapueblos ambalwa amakhulu, ngalinye lizungezwe ama-pueblos amancane nama-pithouses. I-Wupatki, i-Wukoki, i-Lomaki, nezinye izinto zokugubha i-pueblos zaqala ukuvela futhi zithengisa amanethiwekhi. I-Wupatki yayiyindawo enhle yokuhlangana yezohwebo, izingqungquthela, umthandazo, nokuningi. Nakuba abantu besuka eWupatki, le ndawo yashiywa futhi kuze kube yilolu suku ikhunjulwa futhi inakekelwa.
Hlela ukuvakashelwa kwakho ku-Wupatki National Monument.
Umlando Wezwe Lomlando Wasezindaweni ZaseNew River, eNyakatho Dakota
Ufuna ukuvakashela i-Indian Village eyiqiniso? Ezindaweni Zomlando Zomlando Wesizwe SaseNigwe River eNdiya, izivakashi zingangena endaweni yomhlaba ovuselelwe futhi zicabange ngempela ukuphila kwamaNdiya wendabuko. Amaphuzu avelele afaka ukubuka ubuciko bokugqoka nsuku zonke nokugqoka, izikhwama, nokuningi. Leli paki linesimidi esakhula izitshalo zendabuko kufaka phakathi i-blue flint corn, i-Hidatsa ubhontshisi obomvu, nezinhlamvu eziningi zika-Maximilian ze-sunflower.
Izivakashi zingalalela izinkumbulo zempilo yendabuko yaseHidatsa yaseNdiya, bese uhamba uye endaweni yesigodi saseSakakawea lapho kutholakala khona ukuphazamiseka komhlaba emzaneni, ephila nemidlalo, imikhosi kanye nokuhweba.
Kuyindawo engahleleki yokuvakashela.
I-Navajo National Monument, e-Arizona
Lesi sikhumbuzo sesizwe sigcina izindawo ezintathu zokuhlala ezinqabeni zabantu base-Ancestral Puebloan. Amaqembu amakhulu ahlala khona endaweni: Hopi, Zuni, San Juan Southern Paiute, naseNavajo.
Izizukulwane zabantu baseHofi empeleni zakha lezi zindawo zokuhlala futhi zibizwa ngokuthi i-Hisatsinom. Amaningana emindeni yeZuni, eyakha futhi i-pueblos, yaqala kule ndawo. Kamuva, iSan Juan Southern Paiute yahambela endaweni yahlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala phansi. Babedume ngamabhasikidi abo. Namuhla, leli zindawo lizungezwe isizwe samaNavajo, njengoba sekuyikhulu leminyaka.
Izivakashi zingakujabulela isikhungo sokuvakasha semfundo, iminyuziyamu, imigwaqo emithathu ehamba phambili, izindawo ezimbili ezincane zokuhlala, kanye nomkhakha wepikinikini. Funda kabanzi mayelana neSikhumbuzo Sezwe SaseNavajo.
I-Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, i-Alabama, i-Arkansas, i-Georgia, i-Illinois, eKentucky, eMissouri, eNyakatho Carolina, e-Oklahoma naseTennessee
Lo mzila oyingqopha-mlando ukhumbula ukususwa kwabantu baseCherokee Indian abavela emazweni abo eTennessee, Alabama, North Carolina naseGeorgia. Baphoqelelwa nguhulumeni wesifundazwe futhi umzila uveza izindlela ezenziwa ngamasosha angu-17 e-Cherokee ngasentshonalanga ebusika ngo-1838-39. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa yesine yabantu bayo yafa endleleni eya e-"Territory Indian" - eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Oklahoma.
Namuhla, iNdawo Yomlando Wezimbukwane Zezimbukwane ihlanganisa imizila engamamitha angaba ngu-2 200 emigwaqweni yamanzi futhi ihlanganisa izingxenye zezifunda eziyisishiyagalolunye.
I-Effigy Mounds National Monument, i-Iowa
Kutholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Iowa, lesi sikhumbuzo sezwe saqalwa ngo-Okthoba 25, 1949. Igcina amasayithi angama-200 aseMelika aseMelika aseMelika awakhiwe ngasemfuleni iMississippi phakathi kuka-450 BC no-AD 1300, kuhlanganise nama-26 e-effigy emidlalweni yezinyoni nezinyosi. Amagundane abonisa isigaba esibalulekile senkambiso yokwakha izikhukhula esiyamangalisa ngempela ukubona.
Ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi amakhilogremu ayizigidi ezingu-10 000 atholakale ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Iowa asekhona.
Namhlanje, amamitha angu-191 agcinwa ngaphakathi kwetshe lesikhumbuzo, 29 alo okuyizigxobo ezinjengezilwane. Izikhukhula Eziqhamukayo Isikhumbuzo Sikazwelonke sikeza izivakashi ithuba lokufunda ngomkhuba owawuthandeka ngaphambili owawuhambisana nemvelo.
I-Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado
Le paki kazwelonke yasungulwa ngo-1906 ukuze igcine iziqhumane ezimangalisayo zemivubukulo yesiko leminyaka eyinkulungwane yabantu base-Ancestral Pueblo. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-1400 edlule, abantu abahlala esifundeni se-Four Corners bakhetha uMesa Verde - okuyiSpanish "itafula eluhlaza" - ikhaya labo. Kwaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-700, inzalo yahlala lapha, yakha amadolobhana amakhulu amatshe emadwaleni asezindongeni ze-canyon.
Abavakashi bangabheka izindawo ezintathu zokuhlala phansi, babheke izindawo ezihamba phambili, behamba ngezinyawo ezinhle futhi bajabulele izindawo ezivulekile zokuvakasha. Isikhungo sabantu abavakashelayo sibonisa ubuciko kanye nemisebenzi yezandla zaseNative American.
I-Sitka National Historical Park, e-Alaska
Eyasungulwa ngo-1910, iPaki yase-Alaska endala ekhethiwe ehlonishwayo ikhumbula i-1804 Battle of Sitka - ukugcina ukumelana nokulwa kwe-Tlingit Indian kumaKoloni. Okusele manje kuyisayithi ye-Tlingit Fort nenqola, ephakathi kwaleli paki lika-113-acre.
Inhlanganisela yama-totem namademoni aseNorth West Coast kanye namahlathi emvula ahlanganisiwe ahlanganiswe emgwaqweni ovelele ogu lolwandle ngaphakathi kwepaki. Ngo-1905, uMbusi wesigodi wase-Alaska uJohn G. Brady walethe iqoqo lezintambo zeTemem. Imibhalo eqoshwe emisedari yayinikezwa abaholi bamaNative kusukela emadolobhaneni eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Alaska.
Ngaphandle kwendawo engaphandle emangalisayo, izivakashi zingafunda ngendabuko nobuciko bendabuko, zijabulele imisebenzi ye-kid-friendly, ulalele izinkulumo ezihumushayo, futhi uthathe izinkambo eziqondisiwe.
Isikhumbuzo se-Ocmulgee National, Georgia
Ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu kanye nemithombo yemvelo bugqanyisiwe kuleli sikhumbuzo sesizwe. Empeleni, kulondolozwe irekhodi lokuphila komuntu eSouth-mpumalanga iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 000.
Phakathi kuka-900-1150, umphakathi wama-elite wabalimi wawuhlala kule ndawo eduze noMfula i-Ocmulgee. Bakha idolobha lezakhiwo zamapulangwe ezinamacengezi kanye namagundane. Kwakhiwa futhi kwakuyizingqimba zomhlaba eziyindilinga ezazikhonza njengezindawo zokuqhuba imihlangano nemikhosi. Lezi zinhlayiya zisabonakala namuhla.
Eminye imisebenti yezivakashi ihlanganisa ukuhamba kwendiza eholwa ngu-Ranger, ukugibela ibhayisikili, ukuhamba kwemvelo, nokuthenga ezitolo ze-Ocmulgee National Monument Association's Museum Shop. Kumnandi kumsindo? Hlela uhambo lwakho manje!