I-Irish Monk, iSanta ne-Claim to the Discover of America
USaint Brendan (e-Irish Bréanainn , e-Icelandic Brandanus ) waseClonfert wayehlala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-5 nelanga- 6 leminyaka - kanti phakathi kwabangcwele base-Ireland abazibiza ngokuthi udumo ukutholakala kweMelika.
Noma akunjalo?
Wayeyaziwa njengomuntu ohamba ngezindiza ngenxa yezindaba ezazitshela mayelana nama-forays akhe angakaziwa. Okungenzeka ukuthi kufaka uhambo oluya eMelika. Kufakazelwe ukuthi kungenzeka. Kodwa liyini iqiniso langempela lomlando?
Ake sibheke ngokushesha eBrendan kanye nesikebhe sakhe.
I-Historical Brendan
Ukuqala ngomshuwalense - njengenjwayelo, kunolwazi oluncane kakhulu noma imibhalo etholakalayo mayelana ne-Brendan yomlando. Izinsuku ezimbalwa zokuzalwa nokufa kwakhe kanye nama-akhawunti wezinye izenzakalo empilweni yakhe zingatholakala ezincwadini kanye nasezizukulwaneni zomndeni. Eminye yonke i-hagiography, njenge "Life of Brendan" kanye "Nokuhamba koSanta Brendan we-Abbot". Zombili ezithakazelisayo ngendlela abonisa ngayo ithonya lakhe ebuKristwini e-Ireland. Kodwa bobabili babhalwa ngokoqobo eminyakeni engemva kokufa kwakhe.
U-Brendan wazalelwa cishe ngo-484, isiko lokhu kwenzeka ngaphakathi noma okungenani eduze kweTralee ( County Kerry ). Efundiswa kusukela esemncane ngabafundisi besonto nabesifazane-kuthiwa baye bajoyina iSt. Jarlath esikoleni sezindela zaseTuam eneminyaka eyisithupha.
Ebekwa njengompristi nguSanta Erc cishe cishe 512, uBrendan waqala umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli futhi waziwa njengomunye waba "Abaphostoli Abayishumi nambili base-Ireland".
Lokhu kuhambisana nokuqala komsebenzi wakhe ngokuthi "i-Navigator" (futhi "i-Voyager" noma, "okungenani" i-"Bold"). - UBrendan ukhetha umkhankaso osuselwe emkhunjini ojikeleze emaphandleni naseziqhingini zase (e-Ireland). Ukuba nesibindi waphinde waya eScotland, Wales naseBrittany ... esungula izindlu zezindela endleleni.
Phakathi nalezi zinsuku uBrendan wahlanganisa iqembu lamakholi elahlanganyela naye emzamweni wokuya e-"Land of Promise", ipharadesi yasemhlabeni ngezinhlobo, hhayi ukudideka "ezweni elithembisiwe" elingalondoloziwe endaweni yakwa-Israyeli yanamuhla.
I-Brendan Travel - i-Irish Tradition
"I-Voyage kaSaint Brendan" iyinhlobo engokwemvelo - futhi iyincenye yezincwadi ezithandwa kakhulu e-Ireland yakudala, okungukuthi "i- immram ". Ukubhalwa kokuhamba okubandakanya amaqhawe anamandla, izikebhe nokufuna izwe elingcono. Njengomhlaba wobusha obungunaphakade, iTir na nOg , evame ukuchazwa njengesiqhingi esentshonalanga ye-Ireland, kude, ngisho nangaphesheya kwezwe.
I-Irish immram yayithandwa kakhulu emakhulwini e-7 neye-8, izinguqulo zokuqala zohambo lukaBrendan kungenzeka zilotshwe ngalesi sikhathi, zixubene nezinye izindaba. Okukwenza kube nzima ukucacisa ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye "eziyisiqalo", yiziphi izingxenye eziyizikhombandlela futhi yiziphi ama-akhawunti angamaqiniso (ngaphezulu noma angaphansi).
I-synopsis efushane kakhulu kakhulu ye-Brendan Voyage
Njengoba indaba ikhona eziningana izinguqulo, nansi amathambo angenalutho: UBrendan uhamba neqembu labalandeli (hhayi bonke labo abakholwayo) ukuthola "Isle of the Blessed" noma "Land of Promise", a ngokungafani version yobuKristu yeTir na nOg futhi cishe izulu emhlabeni (noma ipharadesi).
Kuloluhambo uhambo oluningi lukulinda ... kusuka ezigamekweni zemvelo ezilwaneni zasendulo. Futhi isilingo, isilingo njalo.
Esigodini saseKerry (okungenokwenzeka), uBrendan wakha isikebhe esingokwesiko sase-Ireland se-wattle, esikumboza ngemicenge ecikiweyo, futhi emva kokushesha okuphoqelekile kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amane, uhamba ngomkhumbi ukuya ekushoneni kwelanga. Isizathu salo msebenzi? Kubonakala sengathi u-Saint Barrid ukhona lapho, wenza lokho futhi watshela indaba, ngakho uBrendan wathola le nhlanzi.
Bahamba besuka esiqhingini kuya esiqhingini nasezindaweni eziningi zamanzi. Ukuhlangana (phakathi kwamanye) amademoni aseTopiya, izinyoni zihlabelela amahubo, amakholi angakaze aguquke, umthombo ngamanzi osebenza njengamandla okudambisa amandla, "izidalwa zasolwandle" ezihlukahlukene ezibulalana ngokukhululekile, i-griffon, uJuda eholidini elivela esihogweni, i-omit edlalwa yi-otter enezintambo nokunye ... kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni befika e "Land of Promise", ephezulu-emihlanu, ehamba ekhaya futhi yilokho.
Ukubhoqa izinto, kodwa hhayi ngqo impahla yeNobel Prize. Futhi, ngokukhuluma kakhulu, ukukhuthazwa okuqhubekayo kokuhola impilo emihle, yobuKristu.
I-American Connection
Ezinye zezenzakalo kuhambo lwe-Brendan zihunyushwe njengezincazelo zezindawo zangempela. Ngaphandle kokusobala njengesiqhingi esilahla lapho amakholi evula umlilo kuyo ... awukhanyisi imililo emagqumeni. Kodwa thatha isiqhingi esakhiwe isizwe sabakhiqizi abanobubi, siphonsa amalahle avuthayo kulabahambi. Ingabe lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi yi-Iceland, igcwaliswe ngomsebenzi wokuqhuma komlilo?
Ekugcineni konke kuxhomeke ekutheni ufunda kanjani i-Brendan Voyage, hhayi ukuthi ibhaliwe kanjani ...
Futhi lokho kusebenza ekutholeni kweMelika kanye. Yikuphi okusekelwe ekucatshangweni ukuthi uma uhamba ngomkhumbi ukusuka e-Ireland ukumisa okulandelayo yi-America. Okuyiqiniso ... uma ubambe inkambo yangempela futhi ungaphenduliwe eGreenland, e-Iceland, e-Canary Islands, kuma-Azores noma kwenye indawo. Khumbula ukuthi umuntu wokugcina othola iMelika ucabanga ukuthi ufikile eNdiya.
Ngemuva nje kokuba i- immram kaBrendan isondele cishe ngokuphelele emlandweni wezindebe ezide, ukujoyina inzuzo efana ne-Ulysses neSinbad, lo mbono weza ukuthi lapha sine "ubufakazi" bokuthi ama-Irish ayengabantu baseYurophu bokuqala ukufinyelela eMelika. Enye ingabe kungenzeka ukuhumusha umbhalo ... kodwa ngaphandle kwesisekelo sangempela.
Ubufakazi bokuthi kungenzeka - Tim Severin
Umhloli waseBrithani, isazi-mlando kanye nomlobi uTim Severin (naye owake wabhala u-Hector Lynch, owaxoshwa e-Ireland yi-Barbary corsairs) wazama ukuvuselela uhambo lukaBrendan empilweni yangempela. Ngo-1976 wakha isikebhe sesikebhe sikaBrendan ngamathuluzi wendabuko kuphela, amamitha ayishumi nanye ubudala ubude, abanjwe ndawonye ngezikhumba zesikhumba futhi ahlanganiswe lutho ngaphandle kwamafutha oboya.
Lapho efika olwandle ngo-May 1976, uSeverin kanye nabasebenzi bahamba nabo bahamba ngesikebhe "Brendan" ohambweni lwamakhilomitha angaba ngu-7 000 ukusuka e-Ireland aya eNewfoundland, ephelele nge-stop-over e-Iceland. Ngesikhathi sokuzilibazisa kohambo lukaBrendan, uSeverin uzame ukukhomba isisekelo sokuphila kwangempela sezinto "eziyingqayizivele" ezithombeni . Akuzona zonke, kodwa inombolo enhle.
Lokhu, kanye neqiniso elingavunyelwe ukuthi uSeverin wakwazi ukuhamba nge-"Brendan" eNyakatho Melika, kuholela ekuqinisekiseni okuthile "kwi-American Connection" ... noma akufanele kubonakale njengobufakazi. Isikebhe sangempela esisetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokuhambela sigcinwa eMyuziyamu weCraggaunowen. Ukuze uthole incazelo ejabulisayo, funda incwadi kaSeverin, i-Brendan Voyage .
Futhi uBrendan ... Wayephi?
Waqhubeka nokuhamba, wasungula amasonto amaningi futhi ekugcineni wafa ngo-577, usuku lwakhe lomkhosi lugujwa ngoMeyi 16. Ngokuvamile ucatshangwa ukuthi wayexoxwa eChedfert Cathedral.