ISpain ubukhosi obungokomthethosisekelo kanye nezifunda ezizimele
Uhulumeni wamanje waseSpain ubukhosi bombuso wephalamende obusekelwe kuMthethosisekelo waseSpain, owavunywa ngo-1978 futhi ubeka uhulumeni ngamagatsha amathathu: ukuphatha, imithetho kanye nokwahlulela. Inhloko yombuso yiNkosi Felipe VI, inkosi eyizifa. Kodwa umholi wangempela kahulumeni ungumongameli, noma uNgqongqoshe, ngubani oyinhloko yesigungu esiphezulu sikahulumeni.
Uphakanyiswa yinkosi kodwa kufanele avunywe yigatsha lezomthetho likahulumeni.
Inkosi
Isikhulu sezwe saseSpain, iNkosi Felipe VI, sashintshwa nguyise, uJan Carlos II, ngo-2014. UJan Carlos waqala ukubusa ngo-1975 ngesikhathi kubulawa umbusi wesibindi esiphezulu uFrancisco Franco, owaqeda umbuso lapho eqala ukubusa ngo-1931 UFranco ubuyisele ubukhosi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. UJan Carlos, umzukulu ka-Alfonso XIII, owayengukumkani wokugcina ngaphambi kokuba uFranco ahlakaze uhulumeni, ngokushesha waqala ukubuyisela umbuso wezomthetho eSpain, okwaholela ekutholeni uMthethosisekelo wase-Spain ngo-1978. UJan Carlos waphikisana ngoJuni 2, 2014.
UNdunankulu
NgoSpanishi, umholi okhethiwe ubizwa ngokuthi u- presidente . Nokho, lokhu kudukisa. UMongameli , kulo mongo, ufushane ku- Presidente del Gobierno de Espana, noma umongameli weHulumeni waseSpain.
Indima yakhe ihlukile kulokho okuthi, umongameli we-United States noma weFrance; Kunalokho, kufana nalokho okwenqununu we-United Kingdom. Kusukela ngo-2018, uNdunankulu uMariano Rajoy.
IsiShayamthetho
Igatsha lomthetho waseSpain, iCortes Generales, lakhiwa izindlu ezimbili.
Indlu ephansi yiCongress of Deputies, futhi inezinhlangano ezingu-350 ezikhethiwe. Indlu engenhla, i-Senate, yenziwe ngamalungu akhethiwe kanye nabamele imiphakathi engu-17 yase-Spain eyizimele. Ubungako bobulungu bayo buhluka kuye ngokuthi abantu; kusukela ngo-2018, kwakukhona ama-senators angama-266.
The Judiciary
Igatsha lesigwebo saseSpain lilawulwa ngabameli nabajaji abaseGeneral Council. Kunezigaba eziningana zamacala ezinkantolo, kanti eyodwa ephakeme yiNkantolo Ephakeme. INkantolo Kazwelonke inegunya phezu kweSpain, futhi isifunda ngasinye esizimele sinenkantolo yaso. Inkantolo Yomthethosisekelo ihlukile emakhotheni futhi ixazulula izinkinga eziphathelene noMthethosisekelo kanye nezingxabano phakathi kwezinkantolo zikazwelonke nezizimele ezivula izindaba zomthethosisekelo.
Izifunda ezizimele
Uhulumeni waseSpain uhloniphekile, enezifunda ezingu-17 ezizimele nezizinda ezimbili ezizimele, ezilawula kakhulu iziphathimandla zazo, okwenza uhulumeni wesifundazwe waseSpain abe buthakathaka. Ngamunye unesishayamthetho sakhe kanye negatsha eliphezulu. ISpain ihlukane kakhulu kwezombusazwe, ngephiko lesokunxele nesephiko elifanele, amaqembu amasha ngokumelene nabantu asebekhulile, nabase-federalalists ngokubambisana nabo. Ukushaywa kwezimali kwezwe ngo-2008 nokuchitha imali eSpain kuye kwandisa ukuhlukana futhi kwaholela ekushayeleni izifunda ezindaweni ezithile ezizimele zokuzimela ngokwengeziwe.
Ukuthukuthela ngesiCatalonia
I-Catalonia iyindawo enamandla yaseSpain, enye yezinto ezicebile kakhulu futhi ezikhiqiza kakhulu. Ulimi lwaso olusemthethweni yiCatalan, kanye neSpanishi, neCatalan lusemqoka kulokhu kulesi sifundazwe. Inhloko-dolobha yayo, i-Barcelona, iyinhlangano yamandla okuvakasha eyaziwa ngobuciko nobuciko bayo.
Ngo-2017, ukuqhutshwa kokuzimela kwavela eCatalonia, nabaholi bekela ukuvakashelwa okugcwele kwe-Catalan ukuzimela ngo-Okthoba. I-referendum isekelwe ngamaphesenti angama-90 abavoti baseCatalonia, kodwa iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo yaseSpain yathi ayikho emthethweni, futhi kuqhume udlame, amaphoyisa ashaya abavoti kanye nezombusazwe ababoshiwe. Ngo-Okthoba 27, iPhalamende laseCatalan lisho ukuthi lizimele ngaphandle kweSpain, kodwa uhulumeni waseSpain eMadrid waphula iphalamende futhi wabiza omunye ukhetho ngoDisemba kuzo zonke izihlalo ePhalamende laseCatalan.
Amaqembu okuzimela athola iningi lezihlalo kodwa hhayi iningi levoti ethandwayo, futhi isimo asikaxazululwa kusukela ngoFebruwari 2018.
Ukuya eCatalonia
Ngo-Okthoba 2017, uMnyango WezeMelika waseMelika wakhipha umyalezo wokuphepha wabahambi eCatalonia ngenxa yezingxabano zezombangazwe lapho. I-Embassy yase-United States eMadrid ne-Consulate General eBarcelona yathi izakhamuzi zase-US kufanele zilindele ukukhula kwamaphoyisa futhi ziqaphele ukuthi imiboniso enokuthula ingaba yinto enobudlova nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngenxa yenkinga ephakeme esifundeni. I-embassy kanye ne-consulate general bathi futhi balindele ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba okuhambayo uma uhamba eCatalonia. Lesi sixwayiso sokuphepha asibandakanyi usuku lokuphela, futhi abahambi kufanele bacabange ukuthi kuzoqhubeka kuze kube yilapho isimo sezombusazwe eCatalonia siphendulwa.