Ukukhumbula uD-Day eFrance - ngoJuni 1944
Abagibeli abathanda umlando bangabuye baphile esinye sezindawo ezisemqoka zeMpi Yezwe II eNormandy, eFrance. Amasosha ahlangene awela i-English Channel futhi afika eNormandy ngoJuni 6, 1944. Umfula uhambela phansi iSeine eParis noma i-sea cruise e-Le Havre noma i-Honfleur iphelele ukuvakashela amabhishi aseNormandy aseFrance. Lesi sihloko sichaza uhambo olujwayelekile olwandle oluvela emfuleni noma olwandle olwandle.
Endleleni eya emabhishi e-D-Day, uwela i-Normandy Bridge, enye yebhuloho elide kakhulu lokumiswa emhlabeni. Iwela phezu koMfula iSeine eduze nalapho uhambisa khona kwisiNgisi se-English. Lo mfula unjalo ohamba ngeParis kodwa ukhulu kakhulu kusukela eParis kunamahora amathathu ngaphezulu.
Enye yezimiso zokuqala ezisePegasus Bridge, indawo yokuqala yokukhululwa yiziNxushunxushu phakathi no-June 6, 1944, ukuhlasela. Ibhuloho itholakala eBenouville ngase-Ouistreham. Kwathatha ama-Allies imizuzu eyishumi kuphela ukuthatha i-Pegasus Bridge, futhi basebenzisa ama-gliders. Ukuhlasela kwaqala phakathi kwamabili ngoJuni 6.
I-Allies idinga amanye amasonto ayisithupha ukuba athathe iKayen eseduze ne-Orne River. I-Pegasus Bridge yakhiwa kabusha eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule ngoba yayingaphansi kakhulu kwamaloli anamuhla. Ibhuloho elisha liwuphawu lokuqala, olukhudlwana kuphela. I-original yasuswa kude ne-Caen Canal encane iwela futhi ihlezi phansi eduze kwe-Pegasus Bridge museum.
Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwehora ezimbili ukuya kwibhuloho evela eLe Havre, iziqondiso zihlinzeka ngamaqiniso amaningi mayelana neD-Day nokuthi lokho kuhlasela kwakusho ukuthini ngesiFulentshi naseMpi. Futhi banikeza amanye ama-flavour endaweni yaseNormandy. Labo abaye babona i-D-Day movie I-Longest Day izobona ukuthi le movie yayinembile ekuboniseni izenzakalo zikaJuni 6.
Kungumqondo omuhle ukubuka i-movie ngaphambi kokuvakashela kwakho eNormandy.
I-Normandy, njengamanye amazwe aseFrance, idume ngokudla kwayo. Imikhiqizo yayo emibili yokudla iyathandeka kakhulu. Okokuqala, iNormandy inzima kunabo bonke abaseFrance, futhi amagilebhisi awakhuli kahle. Noma kunjalo, ama-apula enza, futhi amaFulentshi enza kokubili cider kanye ne-apple brandy ebizwa ngeCalvados ngesiNormandy. I-cider i-alcohol kuphela engamaphesenti amathathu futhi injengebhiya elimnandi. I-Calvados inamandla kakhulu futhi kuthiwa yenza "i-Norman hole" esiswini sakho. Kuyinto evamile ukuphuza iCalvados phakathi nomkhosi wezinsuku ezimbili emishadweni kaNorman enokudla okungekho kokuyeka. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, amaCalvados adingekayo ukuze athole umgodi esiswini sakho ukuze udle ngaphezulu!
Esinye isidlo saseNormandy abantu abathandayo noma abathandayo yi-tripe à la mode de Caen. Lesi sidlo senziwe ngokubeka u-anyanisi ne-izaqathe phansi kwe-casserole, bese wengeza unyawo lwesigamu sesigamu nenyama yaso, okuphezulu okubekwe kuyo izinkomo (amathumbu), i-garlic, ama-leeks namagciwane. Le concoction ihlanganiswe ne-apple cider futhi - kusukela eCaen idolobha laseNormandy - iphelile ngokudubula kweCalvados. I-casserole isuke isindiwe ngendwangu kafulawa namanzi bese ibhaka amahora angu-10 kuya ku-12.
Okokugcina, kukhonjiswa kubanda endaweni yayo.
Igama elithi D-Day lusuku lokuqala lokusebenza kwezempi futhi lisetshenziselwa abahleli bezempi ngenhloso yokuxhumanisa. Amabhishi aseNormandy atholakala ngamakhilomitha angu-110 avela eNgilandi, uma kuqhathaniswa no-19 endaweni eseduzane nayo eduze kwaseCalais. AmaJalimane ayenawo wonke amachweba ase-English Channel aqaphele kakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-Allies akhetha ukuba nengxenye enkulu yokuhlasela phansi ogwini lwaseNormandy. Ukuvakasha kuhamba eduze kolwandle endleleni eya e-Arromanches.
Wonke amabhishi abukeka enokuthula kangaka, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kwakumelwe kanjani ukuba amasosha nabakhileyo endaweni ngesikhathi sokuhlasela.
U-Eisenhower wayefuna umzila ophansi, inyanga egcwele, nesimo sezulu esihle sokufika. Ngakho-ke, lezo zidingo zikhawulele ukuhlasela kwezinsuku ezintathu kuphela ngenyanga. I-Allies iphuma eNgilandi ngoJuni 5, kodwa kwakudingeka ibuye ngenxa yezulu elibi. NgoJuni 6 kwakungcono kakhulu, kodwa u-Eisenhower wanikela phambili. Ngokuthakazelisayo, uGeneral Rommel waseJalimane wathatha uJuni 6 waya eJalimane ukuze ayobona umkakhe ngoba kwakungukuzalwa kwakhe. Wayengazicabangi ukuthi ama Allies azama ukuhlasela iFrance esimweni esinjalo sezulu esibi!
Ngemva kokushayela emadwaleni amathathu (Sword, Gold, noJuno) bahlaselwa yizigaba ezimbili zaseBrithani ezingamaphesenti angama-30 000 kanye nesigaba seCanada, usheshe uhambe ngemigwaqo emihle yaseNormandy egcwele imigwaqo nezimbali ngaphambi kokuba ufike e-Arromanches, indawo isimangaliso se-engineering - ichweba lokufakelwa.
Ngemuva kwegesi elihle kakhulu ogwini lwaseNormandy, iminyuziyamu encane ingaba yiyokuyeka kuqala. Kuyathakazelisa ukuzwa nokufunda amaqiniso ngechweba lokufakelwa elakhiwe e-Arromanches ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuhlasela. Nakuba abaningi abangewona ama-buffs omlando abakaze bezwe ngalolu bunjiniyela, kuyamangalisa, ikakhulukazi njengoba kwakhiwe ngo-1944.
UWinston Churchill wayebheke phambili ekuboneni isidingo sokwakhiwa kwechweba lokufakelwa eNormandy. Wazi ukuthi izinkulungwane zamabutho afika emabhishi aseFrance angathwala kuphela izinto ezanele (ukudla, izibhamu, uphethiloli, njll) izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ama Allies ayengakulungeli ukuhlasela noma yiziphi izikebhe ezinkulu ezikhona ngasogwini olusenyakatho yeFrance, amabutho ayezohlupheka ngaphandle kokuqiniswa kwempahla. Ngakho-ke, onjiniyela bathatha umqondo kaChurchill futhi bakhe izindlu ezinkulu zekhonkrithi ezizosetshenziselwa ukudala amathrekhi adingekayo kudoti. Ngenxa yokufihla okudingekayo, izisebenzi zaseNgilandi zakha izithiyo ezinkulu ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi zaziyiziphi!
I-museum ihlala ngqo ogwini e-Arromanches, futhi ngokubuka ngaphandle amafasitela ahamba yonkana ngaphesheya kolwandle lolwandle, ungabona izinsalela zezingxenye zechweba lokufakelwa. Eziningi zezingcezu ezinkulu zekhonkrit zasetshenziswa kwenye indawo emva kweMpi, kodwa okwanele zisele ukuzwa indlela ichweba elibukeka ngayo. I-museum ine-movie emfushane nezinhlobo eziningana nemidwebo yokwakhiwa kwechweba.
Ngaphezu nje kwamabhuloki athambile adingekayo ukudala ichweba lokufakelwa kanye nechweba. Ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuhlasela, ama-Allies aqala imikhumbi eminingana emidala ukuze enze amanzi.
Khona-ke amabhulokhi akhiwe eNgilandi ayedluliselwa ngaphesheya kweSingland Channel eya e-Arromanches lapho ayebuthene khona echwebeni lokufakelwa. Ichweba lalisebenza ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlasela.
I-Arromanches ayingeyena kuphela ichweba lokufakelwa elakhiwe yi-Allies. Amakhansela amabili awakhiwa okokuqala futhi abizwa ngokuthi uMelberry A and Mulberry B. Ichweba lase-Arromanches laliyiMberryberry, ngenkathi uMelberry ebuseduze kwase-Omaha Beach lapho amabutho aseMelika afika khona. Ngeshwa, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuba amakhilomitha akhiwe, isiphepho esikhulu sashaywa. Ichweba eliMelberry A labhujiswa ngokuphelele, kanti uMberrybhisi B wayonakaliswa kakhulu. Ngemuva kwesivunguvungu, wonke ama-Allies ayesebenzisa ichweba e-Arromanches. Amachweba abizwa ngegama elithi "Kamalibhele" ngoba isitshalo se-mulberry ibhula ngokushesha!
Ngemuva kokuhamba edolobheni elincane bese udla isidlo sasemini, ugibela ibhasi uhambo oluya emabhishi aseMelika namathuna.
I-American Cemetery namabhishi aseNormandy ahlasela amabutho aseMelika kokubili ahamba futhi aphefumulele. Amabhishi e-Eisenhower akhethe ukuba amaMelika ahambe umhlaba ahluke kakhulu kunalokho okumele athathwe amaNgisi nabaseCanada. Esikhundleni samazwe aphansi, ama-Omaha nase-Utah amabutho amakhulu aphelela emahlathini aphakeme, okwenza abaningi babulawe amabutho aseMelika. Abaningi bethu baye sabona la mawashi emabhayisikobho naseziqesheni zefilimu, kodwa abakwazi ukucabanga ngokukwesaba ukuthi amasosha azizwa kanjani lapho ewabona okokuqala kusukela olwandle.
Abantu abangaphezu kuka-2 000 baseMelika bafa e-Omaha Beach kuphela.
I-American Cemetery e-Colleville Saint Laurent iyamangalisa njengoba uhamba phakathi kwama-Christian cross and Jewish Stars of David markers. Ukubona amathuna amantombazane amaningi, amaningi kakhulu ehlobo lika-1944, ahamba kuwo wonke umuntu okhona. Amangcwaba ayibheke ingxenye ye-Omaha Beach futhi ephakeme phezulu ehlathini ngombono omuhle we-English Channel. Amathuna angacacile agcinwa nguHulumeni wase-US.
Isikhumbuzo ngezizathu zamangcwaba siqukethe umfanekiso ohlonipha abafile nemidwebo kanye namabalazwe okuhlasela. Kukhona nensimu enhle namathebhulethi aphuthelwayo - uhlu lwawo wonke amasosha aphuthelwe esenzweni esifana neSikhumbuzo saseVietnam eWashington, DC. Amathuna amabili abafowabo baseNiland, umndeni onobuchopho obukhunjulwa kwi-movie ethi "Ukulondolozwa Kwe-Private Ryan" kutholakala kalula. Indodana kaMengameli uTheodore Roosevelt nayo ingcwatshwa eColville Saint Laurent, nakuba engafi ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kweNormandy.
Ngemva kokuchitha cishe ihora emathuneni, izivakashi zigibela ibhasi bese zihamba ibanga elide ukuya eyokugcina, ePointe du Hoc. Lo mgwaqo ophezulu obheke olwandle unamanje asele eMpini, kanti i-Pointe du Hoc yindawo ebalulekile yokufika kwabaseMelika. Imithombo yayitshele ama-Allies leli phuzu ibhethri ebalulekile enezibhamu eziningi nezinhlamvu ezigcinwe.
I-Allies yathumela u-225 Army Rangers ukukhipha amatshe bese uthatha iPointe. Kuphela abangu-90 abasinda. Ngokuthakazelisayo, olunye ulwazi lomthombo lwalungalungile. Izibhamu zaseJalimane zazingekho ePointe, zihanjiswe ngaphakathi futhi zazisendaweni yokudubula ekulungele ukunciphisa amabutho aseMelika afika e-Omaha nase-Utah Beaches. AmaRangers afika ePointe ngokushesha ahambela emazweni angaphandle futhi akwazi ukubhubhisa izibhamu ngaphambi kokuba amaJalimane angawafaka. Ukube abaseMelika babengakafiki e-Pointe, bekungeke kwenzeke kakhulu ngosuku (uma kunjalo) ngaphambi kokuba noma yikuphi ukuhlasela okwakungase kuthathwe yiJalimane, ngesikhathi esithile amabutho aseMelika, imikhumbi nemikhumbi yokufika kungenzeka ukuthi ihloselwe, okungase kusongela impumelelo ye-landing kuwo wonke umkhakha waseMelika, ngakho-ke impumelelo yalo lonke umsebenzi.
I-Pointe du Hoc ibheka sengathi kufanele ibe neminyaka ngokushesha ngemva kwempi. Ama-bunkers amaningi ahlala, futhi ubona izimbobo lapho amaqhubolondo aqhuma khona. Umhlabathi awufani kakhulu, futhi izivakashi zatshelwa ukuthi zihlale emigwaqeni ukuze zigweme ama-ankles abhalwe phansi noma ngaphezulu. Izingane zazidlala kuma-bunkers endala, futhi eziningi zazo zazixhunywe uchungechunge lwemigudu engaphansi komhlaba.
Ukuvakasha kuhlala kuphela ePointe du Hoc okwesikhashana, kodwa yisikhathi esanele sokuthola umuzwa wokulwa kwempi lapho.
Ingxenye kuphela embi kakhulu yosuku iza ekupheleni. I-2.5-hour ye-non-stop ride ebuyela emkhunjini ibonakala isikhathi eside kunokuhamba okuphumayo. Abaningi bangase bahambe kahle ngendlela yokubuyela emuva emkhunjini, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi abakwazi ukukhululeka ezihlalweni ezincane noma ngenxa yosuku olukhunjulwa abaye babhekana nawo emaNtshonalanga aseNormandy.