Kulabo abanesithakazelo sokuvubukulwa kwezinto zakudala kanye ne-palaeontology, kunezinto eziningi eTanzania kunezinqolobane zemidlalo zayo ezimangalisayo kanye namabhishi amahle. Etholakala emgwaqeni ovela e-Ngorongoro Crater eya eSerengeti National Park , i-Olduvai Gorge (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Oldupai Gorge) yiyona ndawo ebaluleke kunazo zonke indawo ye-paleoanthropological emhlabeni, ngenxa yokutholakala kochungechunge lwezinsalela ezibonisa ukuguquka kwesintu.
Labo abahamba esifundeni bangakwazi ukuhlanganisa uhambo oluya e-Olduvai ngokuvakashela ama-Shifting Sands engaqondakaliyo, umlotha womlotha oshayayo oshayayo oshayayo ohamba emgwaqeni ngesilinganiso esingamamitha angu-55/17 waminyaka yonke.
Ukubaluleka kwe-Olduvai
Ngawo-1930, abavubukuli baseLouis noMary Leakey baqala uchungechunge lwezinto eziningi ezivuliwe e-Olduvai Gorge emva kokubuka izinsalela ze-hominid ezivuliwe lapho eminyakeni ethile ngaphambili yi-archaeologist waseJalimane uHans Reck. Phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu alandelayo, iLeakeys yenza izinto eziningana ezitholakalayo ezishintsha ukuqonda kwezwe ukuthi sivelaphi, ekugcineni ziholela esiphethweni sokuthi uhlanga lwesintu luvela kuphela e-Afrika. Phakathi kokubaluleke kakhulu kwalokhu kutholakala yiNutcracker Man, igama elinikezwe izinsalela zeParanthropus boisei owesilisa ocatshangwa ukuthi uneminyaka eyi-1.75 million ubudala.
I-Leakeys nayo yathola ubufakazi bokuqala bokudalwa kwezinsalela zezinye izinhlobo ze-hominid, uHomo habilis ; kanye nengcebo yezilwane zasemfuyo kanye nezinsimbi zamathuluzi okuqala.
Ngo-1976, uMary Leakey wathola uchungechunge lwezinyawo ezigcinwe eLaetoli, isayithi elingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-45/28 eningizimu yomfula ngokwawo. Lezi zinyathelo, ezigcinwe emlilweni futhi zikholelwa ukuthi ziyikhokho wethu u- Australopithecus afarensis , zifakazela ukuthi izinhlobo ze-hominid zahamba ngezinyawo ezimbili ngesikhathi sePliocene, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-3.7 ezedlule.
Ngesikhathi sokutholakala, lokhu kwakuyisibonelo sokuqala se-hominid bi-pedalism.
Ukuvakashela i-Olduvai Gorge
Namuhla, amasayithi okumba aseLeakeys aseyasebenza, futhi abavubukuli bevela emhlabeni wonke bayaqhubeka behamba emacimbini azungeze umsuka wethu. Izivakashi esifundeni sase-Olduvai ziyakwazi ukubona lezi zindawo zokucwaninga ngaphansi kokuqondiswa komhlahlandlela osemthethweni. Esiqongweni somfula, kunamamyuziyamu, atholakala ngawo-1970 nguMary Leakey futhi walungiswa ngawo-1990 ngeqembu elivela ku-Getty Museum. Nakuba encane, i-museum yinto ethakazelisayo, namakamelo amaningana azinikele ekuchazeni okutholakala nge-paleoanthropological site.
Lapha, uzothola iqoqo lezinhlanzi ze-hominid ne-faunal, kanye namathuluzi asendulo manje abizwa ngokuthi i-Oldowan (igama elihunyushwe ngokuthi 'ukusuka e-Olduvai Gorge'). Lawa mathuluzi amelela imboni yamathuluzi okuqala yamatshe eyaziwa emlandweni wethu okhokho. Ukuze ulondoloze okuqala, izinsalela eziningi eziboniswayo ziyadala, kuhlanganise nalawo ama-skulls okuqala e-hominid. Amaphuzu avelele embukisweni afaka umdwebo omkhulu wezinyawo ze-Laetoli, kanye nezithombe eziningana zomndeni wakwaLeakey osebenza kumasayithi okuqala okumba.
I-Olduvai Gorge manje ibizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Oldupai Gorge, okwakhiwa yi-spelling eyilungile yegama lamaMaasai elisitshalo somdabu sasendle.
Ukuvakashela iSands Shifting
Labo abafisa ukwenza usuku lwayo kufanele bacabange bebheke enyakatho ye-Olduvai Gorge eya eSfting Sands. Lapha, i-dune enemibala emnyama yomlotha omnyama uhamba kancane ethafeni ethafeni ngesilinganiso samamitha angaba ngu-55/17 ngonyaka ngaphansi kwamandla omoya wesifundazwe. AmaMaasai akholelwa ukuthi umlotha ovela entabeni ka-Ol Doinyo Lengai, indawo engcwele igama lakhe elihunyushwa ngesiNgisi njengeNtaba kaNkulunkulu. Ngosuku olucacile, le ntaba enomdlandla onama-cone ingabonakala kude nase-Olduvai Gorge.
Lapho efika ethafeni, umlotha oshayayo wenyuka-mlilo uhlezi, uqoqa eduze kwetshe elilodwa bese uqoqa ukuze ube yinduna enomlingani ohambelana nanamuhla.
Isihlabathi sinezinsimbi ezinamandla futhi sinobuchwepheshe obukhulu kakhulu, kangangokuthi sibambelele lapho siphonswa emoyeni - into eyenza ukuthanda amathuba okuzithombe. I-dune ingaba nzima ukuyithola ngenxa yemvelo yayo, futhi ngokuvamile uhambo lokuya lapho luhilela ukushayela komgwaqo ngaphandle komgwaqo. Ngenxa yalokho, kunconywa ukuthi uhambisane nomhlahlandlela wendawo kanye / noma umshayeli. Endleleni, ungakhohlwa ukugcina iso ngaphandle kwegeyimu yokuzulazula mahhala.