Umlando Wokuqala wasePuerto Rico

Kusukela eColumbus kuya ePonce de León

Lapho uChristopher Columbus efika ePuerto Rico ngo-1493, akazange alinde. Eqinisweni, wachitha isamba esikhulu sezinsuku ezimbili lapha, ethi isiqhingi saseSpain, siyayifaka iSan Juan Bautista (Saint John uMbhapathizi), bese siqhubekela emadlelweni acebile.

Omunye angacabanga nje ukuthi ucabangani ngalesi sizwe esizwe esiqhingi. AmaNdiya aseTaíno, umphakathi othuthukisiwe olimo othuthukile, wayekade ehlala esiqhingini iminyaka emakhulu; babibiza ngokuthi uBoriken (namuhla, uBoriquén usalokhu engumfanekiso wezwe lasePuerto Rico).

Babezoshiywa ukucabangela izenzo zikaColumbus iminyaka eminingana, njengoba abahloli bamaSpanishi nabanqotshwa yizinqola babengazinaki isiqhingi lapho beqhubeka benqoba izwe elisha.

I-Ponce de León

Khona-ke, ngo-1508, uJuan Ponce de León nombutho wamadoda angu-50 beza esiqhingini futhi bamisa idolobha laseKaparra ogwini lwaso elisenyakatho. Ngokushesha wathola indawo engcono yokuhlala kwakhe esanda kutholakala, islet esinechweba elihle kakhulu elalibiza ngePuerto Rico, noma iRich Port. Lokhu kuyoba igama lesiqhingi ngenkathi idolobha libizwa ngokuthi iSan Juan .

Njengombusi wensimu entsha, uJuan Ponce de León wasiza ukubeka isisekelo sekoloni elisha esiqhingini, kodwa, njengoColumbus, akazange abambelele ukuzithokozisa. Ngemuva kweminyaka emine kuphela lapho ehlala khona, uPonce de León washiya iPuerto Rico ukuba aphishekele iphupho alidume kakhulu manje: "umthombo wobusha" obungenakuqhathaniswa. Ukuzingelwa kwakhe ngokungapheli kwamyisa eFlorida, lapho afela khona.

Nokho, umndeni wakhe waqhubeka uhlala ePuerto Rico futhi uthuthuke kanye nekoloni u-patriarch wabo wasungula.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iTaíno, ayizange ihambe kahle. Ngo-1511, bavukela amaSpanishi ngemva kokuthola ukuthi abantu bezinye izizwe babengesibo onkulunkulu, njengoba bebesolwa ngaphambili. Babengeke balinganise amabutho aseSpain, futhi njengoba izinombolo zabo zancipha ngenxa yesimo esivamile sokuxoshwa nokushada, kwaqashwa abasebenzi abasha ukuba bawuthathe esikhundleni sabo: Izigqila zase-Afrika zaqala ukufika ngo-1513.

Babeyoba yingxenye ebalulekile yomkhiqizo wasePuerto Rican.

Izinselele Zokuqala

Ukukhula kwePuerto Rico kwakudambisa futhi kunzima. Ngo-1521, kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu-300 abahlala esiqhingini, futhi leyo nombolo yafika kuphela ku-2 500 kuphela ngo-1590. Lokhu kwakungenxa nje kuphela ngenxa yobunzima bokuthi kwakhiwe ikoloni entsha; Isizathu esikhulu sokuthuthukiswa kwayo esicindezelayo sisezingeni lokuthi kwakungendawo empofu yokuhlala. Amanye amakoloni eNew World ayesebenzisa izimayini zegolide nezesiliva; IPuerto Rico yayingekho inhlanhla enjalo.

Noma kunjalo, kwakukhona iziphathimandla ezimbili ezabona ukubaluleka kwalesi siteshi esincane seCaribbean. ISonto LamaRoma Katolika lasungula i-diocese ePuerto Rico (kwakungomunye wabantu abathathu kuphela eMelika ngaleso sikhathi), ngo-1512, wathumela u-Alonso Manso, iCanon of Salamanca, esiqhingini. Waba umbhishobhi wokuqala ukufika emazweni aseMelika. ISonto ladlala indima ebalulekile ekusungulweni kwePuerto Rico: lakhiwa amasonto amadala kunawo wonke aseMelika lapha, kanye nesikole sokuqala sezifundo eziphambili. Ekugcineni, iPuerto Rico yayizoba yindlunkulu yeSonto LamaRoma Katolika eNew World. Isiqhingi sisahlala sisamaKatolika kuze kube namuhla.

Elinye iqhaza lokubamba isithakazelo ekoloni laliyisosha.

IPuerto Rico kanye nenhloko-dolobha yayo yayisendaweni efanele emigwaqweni yokuthutha esetshenziselwa imikhumbi ye-ore-laden ebuyela ekhaya. AbaseSpain babesazi ukuthi bafanele bavikele le mcebo, futhi bazama ukuqinisa iSan Juan ukuvikela izithakazelo zabo.