Amaqiniso Mayelana Nokuphila KaMahatma Gandhi, Baba WaseNdiya YaseNdiya

Vakashela eSikhumbuzweni saseGandhi eDelhi naseSabarmati Ashram e-Ahmedabad

Kunamaphuzu ambalwa mayelana neGandhi okamangaza wonke umuntu. Kuthiwani ngamaqiniso ukuthi wayeshadile eneminyaka engu-13 futhi wayenamadodana amane ngaphambi kokuba athathe isifungo sokungabikho, ukuthi othisha esikoleni sakhe saseLondon besikhononda ngokungapheli mayelana nokubhala kwakhe okungalungile, namanye amaqiniso amancane awaziwayo ukufeza kwakhe okukhulu?

UMahatma Gandhi, owaziwa kulo lonke elaseNdiya ngokuthi "uyihlo wesizwe," wayeyizwi elinamandla lokuthula ngesikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi emlandweni waseNdiya.

Izigameko zakhe ezidumile zokulamba kanye nomyalezo wokungabi nabuthakathi kwasiza ukuhlanganisa leli zwe futhi ekugcineni kwaholela ekuzimele kwe-India kusukela eBrithani ngo-Agasti 15, 1947.

Ngokudabukisayo, uGandhi wabulawa ngo-1948, ngemva nje kokuzimela kokutholakala kanti ngenkathi iNdiya ibhekene nokuchithwa kwegazi ngemingcele emisha phakathi kwamaqembu enkolo.

Amasayithi Ukuvakashela eNdiya Ukuhlonipha Amaqiniso Okuphila KaGandhi

Kunamasayithi ambalwa ongawavakashelayo adumisa inkumbulo kaGandhi. Njengoba uvakashela, cabanga ngamaqiniso empilweni yakhe, umsebenzi wakhe wokukhulula amaNdiya ekubuseni kwaseBrithani, ukulwa kwakhe neBrithani Salt Law, imizamo yakhe yokufaka ukungabi naluvivinyo kuzo zonke izinkinga zamaNdiya ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, nokuningi.

• Phakathi kwezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zaseNdiya ezihlonipha iGandhi yiMarble Black Gandhi Memorial emaphethelweni oMlambo iYamuna, eRaj Ghat eDelhi, lapho uGandhi washiswa khona ngo-1948 ngemuva kokubulawa kwakhe.
• Kukhona nemyuziyamu eSabarmati Ashram, noma eGandhi Ashram, esigodini saseSabarmati sase-Ahmedabad, eGujarat, sikhumbule injongo ye-ashram kanye nokuphila kukaMahatma Gandhi. UNdunankulu waseNdiya uJawaharlal Nehru, umfundi waseGandhi, wavula imyuziyamu ngo-1963. I-ashram yayingenye yezindawo zokuhlala zikaGandhi, owahlala lapha iminyaka engu-12 nomkakhe uKasturba Gandhi. Ngo-1930, uGandhi wasebenzisa le-ashram njengesisekelo sakhe somkhonto ongenamvikelo owawuhlelwa ngokumelene neBritain Salt Law, eyathonya kakhulu ukunyakaza kwe-Indian-eyatholwa ngo-1947. Ekuqapheliseni lokhu, iNdiya yakha i-ashram njengesizwe isikhumbuzo.

Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuya eNdiya, cabangela lezi zeluleko ezibalulekile zokuhamba eNdiya , ezingakusiza izinkinga eziningi.

Ngezansi amaqiniso angu-20 ngokuphila kukaMahatma Gandhi, ophefumulela ukucabanga kwabaholi abaningi bezwe, phakathi kwabo uMartin Luther King Jr. noBarack Obama.

Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo Ngokuphila KweGandhi

Abantu abaningi bakhumbula uGandhi ngenxa yezimangalo zakhe ezidumile, kodwa kuningi kakhulu endabeni.

Nazi ezinye izindaba ezithakazelisayo zeGandhi ezinikeza umbono omncane empilweni kayise waseNdiya:

1. UMahatma Gandhi wazalelwa njengoMohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Igama elihloniphekile elithi Mahatma, noma "uMphefumulo Omkhulu," lanikezwa lona ngo-1914.
2. I-Gandhi ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iBabu eNdiya, isikhathi sokuthinta ukuthi "ubaba."
3. UGandhi walwela okungaphezu kokuzibusa. Izimbangela zakhe zazihlanganisa amalungelo omphakathi wabesifazane, ukuqeda uhlelo lwe-caste, nokuphathwa kahle kwabantu bonke ngaphandle kwenkolo.
4. UGandhi ufune ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kubantu abangenakuqhathaniswa, e-Indian caste ephansi kunazo zonke, futhi udla isikhathi esithile ukusekela imbangela. Wabiza ngokuthi ama- harijans angaphenduki, okusho ukuthi "abantwana bakaNkulunkulu."
5. UGandhi wadla izithelo, amantongomane, kanye nembewu iminyaka emihlanu kodwa abuyele ekudleni kwemifino eqinile ngemuva kokuhlupheka kwezinkinga zempilo.
6. UGandhi wathatha isithembiso sokuqala sokugwema imikhiqizo yobisi, kodwa emva kokuba impilo yakhe iqale ukwehla, wazisola futhi waqala ukuphuza ubisi lwezimbuzi. Ngezinye izikhathi wayehamba nembuzi yakhe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubisi lwalusha futhi akazange anikezwe ubisi noma ubisi lwezinyosi.
7. Abaphathi bezokudla kukahulumeni babizwa ukuba bahlathulule ukuthi uGandhi angahamba kanjani izinsuku ezingu-21 ngaphandle kokudla.
8. Azikho izithombe ezisemthethweni zikaGandhi ezivunyelwe ngenkathi uGandhi ezila ukudla, ngenxa yokwesaba ukuqhubela phambili ukucindezela ukuzimela.

1. U-Gandhi empeleni wayeyi-anarchist yefilosofi futhi wayengafuni uhulumeni osungulwe eNdiya. Waba nomuzwa wokuthi uma wonke umuntu ethatha ukungabi naluvivinyo bangase baziphathe ngokuzibusa.
2. Ummeli omkhulu wezepolitiki uMahatma Gandhi nguWinston Churchill.
3. Ngomshado olungiselelwe ngaphambili, uGandhi wayeneminyaka engama-13; umkakhe wayengumnyaka owodwa ubudala.
4. UGandhi nomkakhe babenomntwana wabo wokuqala lapho eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala. Leyo ntombazane yafa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, kodwa lo mbhangqwana waba namadodana amane ngaphambi kokuba athathe isifungo sokungabikho.
5. Naphezu kokuba edume ngokungahambi kahle kwezombusazwe kanye nokunyakaza kwamaNdiya, uGandhi empeleni waqasha amaNdiya ukuba alwe neBrithani phakathi neMpi Yezwe I. Waphikisa ukubandakanyeka kweNdiya eMpini Yezwe II.
6. UmkaGandhi wafela ejele ngo-1944; wayesejele ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe. UGandhi wadedelwa ejele kuphela ngenxa yokuthi unesifo sengculaza, futhi izikhulu zaseBrithani zamesaba ukuhlubuka uma naye, efa ejele.

1. UGandhi waya esikoleni samthetho eLondon futhi wayedumile phakathi kwekhono lokubhala ngesandla esibi.
2. Isithombe sikaMahatma Gandhi sivele kuwo wonke ama-Indian rupees ashicilelwe kusukela ngo-1996.
3. UGandhi waphila iminyaka engu-21 eNingizimu Afrika. Waboshwa lapho futhi kaningi.
4. UGandhi wamlahla u-Gandh futhi akafuni ukudala ukulandela okwenkolo. Wabuye wavuma ukuthi "wayengazi lutho olusha ukufundisa umhlaba. Iqiniso nokungabi naluvivinyo kudala njengamagquma. "
5. UGandhi wabulawa ngumHindu othile ngoJanuwari 30, 1948, owamdubula kathathu emkhakheni obala. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili baya emngcwabeni kaGandhi. I-epitaph esikhumbuzweni sayo eNew Delhi ifundeka ngokuthi "Oh Nkulunkulu" okubhekwa njengamazwi akhe okugcina.
6. I-urn eyake iqukethe umlotha kaMahatma Gandhi manje use-shrine eLos Angeles.

Usuku lokuzalwa lukaGandhi

Ukuzalwa kukaMahatma Gandhi, okugubha ngo-Okthoba 2, kungenye yeholide yamazwe amathathu kuphela eNdiya. Usuku luka-Gandhi lubizwa ngokuthi uGandhi Jayanti eNdiya futhi lukhunjulwa ngomthandazo wokuthula, imikhosi, nokucula "Raghupathi Raghava Rajaram," ingoma kaGandhi ayithandayo.

Ukuhlonipha umlayezo kaGandhi wokungabi nabuthakathi, iZizwe Ezihlangene zamemezela ngo-Oktoba 2 njengoSuku LwaseMhlabeni Lwezokungaboni. Lokhu kuqale ukusebenza ngo-2007.