Isakhiwo saseGeorgia senye yezingxenye ezicacile kakhulu zefa lase-Ireland, ikakhulukazi esimweni sendawo yasemadolobheni. Izingxenye eziphelele zamadolobha amakhulu ase-Ireland, namadolobhana amancane nawo, ayeklanyelwe futhi awakhiwe ukuze kube nemibono yobuhle be-"Georgians". Futhi lapho abantu namuhla bekhuluma ngesibonelo esithi "isiGeorgia Dublin", ngokuvamile babhekisela endaweni encane engxenyeni engeningizimu yedolobha, eduze noMerrion Square, uStephen's Green, noFitzwilliam Square .
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zindawo (kanye ne-Mountjoy Square eNyakatho) zichazwe ngempela ngesitayela sezakhiwo ngokuvamile esiboniswe ngenkathi yaseGeorgia emlandweni wase-Irish (naseBrithani).
Ngakho-ke, masifunde okubalulekile mayelana "nezakhiwo zaseGeorgia", ngocwaningo olufushane kakhulu:
I-Georgian Architecture - Yini Ebizweni?
Isakhiwo seGeorgia asiyona isitayela esisodwa, esichazwayo. Ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-appellation yiyo yonke into, futhi ngokuvamile mhlawumbe ejwayelekile, igama lisetshenziselwa isethi yezitayela zokwakha ezazisetshenziswa phakathi kuka-1720 no-1830. Igama lixhunyaniswa ngqo namaHanoverian ngaleso sikhathi esihlalweni sobukhosi saseBrithani - uGeorge I, uGeorge II, uGeorge III, futhi (usuqagele manje) uGeorge IV. La madoda ayebusa iBrithani ne-Ireland ngokulandelana okuqhubekayo, kusukela ngo-Agasti 1714, futhi baphela ngo-June 1830.
Ingabe kwakuyisitayela esisodwa sokwakha konke? Hhayi ngempela, ngaphandle kwezingqikithi eziningi zaseGeorgia ezifana neRoyal Pavilion eBrighton (eyakhelwe uGeorge IV lapho esasenza futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Prince Regent, ngenxa yeGeorge III kancane kancane elahlekelwa ngamabhuleki akhe), kwakunezinhlobonhlobo ezingaphezu kokuvame ukuhlangana iso "isitayela saseGeorgia".
Ungalindela ukuthi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu, akunjalo?
Eqinisweni, i-Encyclopaedia Britannica ekungeneni kwayo "isitayela saseGeorgia" ithi "izitayela ezihlukahlukene ezakhiweni zobuciko, ezakhiweni zangaphakathi, nobuciko obuhle eBrithani [zathola] ukuhlukahluka okunjalo nokwenyuka kwezitayela zobuciko phakathi nalesi sikhathi mhlawumbe ngaphezulu okunembile ukukhuluma 'ngezindlela zokuGeorgia.' "UFakazi omncane, kodwa obalulekile, ngobuningi.
Kodwa sizobambelela ngokubuka konke okujwayelekile lapha, ngakho-ke ngiyaxolisa ngenkathi ngilahla inqwaba yezemfundo elungile.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuhlelwa KwamaGeorgian
Isitayela saseGeorgia sasingumlandeli, kodwa hhayi ngempela ingane engokwemvelo ye "Baroque yesiNgisi", edume kakhulu ngabadwebi abanjengoSir Christopher Wren noNicholas Hawksmoor. Kwakukhona isikhathi sokuguquka, lapho izakhiwo zigcinwa ezinye izakhi zeBaroque, kodwa iScotsman Colen Campbell washaya indawo, ekhuthaza ukwakheka okusha. Futhi ememezela lokhu emzimbeni wakhe " Vitruvius Britannicus , noma uMbusi waseBrithani".
Kodwa akukho isitayela esisha esihlanganisiwe esenziwe ikhodix kulokhu - kunalokho, izitayela ezihlukahlukene zavela phambili. Abanye babo bacabanga ukuthi bekadala, kodwa bavumelanisiwe.
Ngokuvamile, futhi mhlawumbe iningi lezithonjana zesikhathi sokuqala "isitayela saseGeorgeya", kwakuyizakhiwo zePalladian. Ebizwa ngemuva, futhi ephefumlelwe, umakhi waseVenetian u-Andrea Palladio (1508 kuya ku-1580). Ngokugcizelela kakhulu ukulinganisa, futhi ngokuvamile kusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwethempeli lokudala.
Cishe ngo-1765, i-Neoclassical yaba yindlela yokuhamba ... isitayela saphinda sakhiwa kusukela kumakhemikhali wezakhiwo, kufaka phakathi izimiso zamaVivian, futhi sisacacisa u-Andrea Palladio njengendlela eyisibonelo sabakhi.
Kodwa-ke, kwakungcono kakhulu kune-Rococo yaseYurophu, enokuhlobisa okuncane kakhulu.
Isigaba sesithathu esiyinhloko "isitayela saseGeorgeya" kwakuyisitayela seRegency, futhi sithuthukiswa kusuka ku-Neoclassical, nge-playful play of some elegance. Ukwenza izakhiwo zeRegency nje kuphela ezinzima kakhulu kunabokuqala. Izindlu ezikhethwe yiRegency zokwakhiwa njengezindawo zomhlaba noma izinsika, noma nini lapho kungenzeka, nensimbi yokwakha ama-balconi, kanye namafasitela omnsalo, kwakuwukuphela kwentukuthelo.
Omunye angase akhulume ukuvuselelwa kwesiGreki lapha - isitayela esondelene kakhulu ne-Neoclassical, kodwa ngefayili eyengeziwe yesikhathi esiyi-Hellenism. Esinye sezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu kuleli sitawu kungaba yi -General Post Office yaseDublin .
Kwakhelwa Ukwakhiwa KwamaGeorgian
Ngezibalo zesibalo - ngokwesibonelo, ukuphakama kwewindi kwakuseduze ngaso sonke isikhathi ebuhlotsheni obuseduze nobubanzi bayo, ukuma kwamakamelo kwakusekelwe kuma cubes, ukulingana kwakufisa kakhulu.
Ngaphansi kwezinto eziyisisekelo, njengamatshe ahlambalaza, ahlanganiswe ngokucacile kwezempi, ayebhekwa njengeyona eyinhloko yokwakha.
Konke kwehla ekudaleni ukulinganisa nokunamathela emithethweni yesilasi.
Ekuhleleni kwedolobhana, njengesikhathi sezinkathi ze-boom ekhulwini le-18 leminyaka, iDublin, ukuhlala kwendlu emgwaqweni, noma eduze kwesikwele, kwakubaluleke kakhulu kunokwakheka komuntu ngabanikazi bendlu. Eqinisweni, ngokuvamile izithombe ezithwebula izithombe, "imizi yaseDublin" yayizoba mnyama ngezikhathi zaseGeorgia.
Ngokuqondene nezinto zokwakha, izitini ezithobekile, noma itshe elimisiwe, laliyisisekelo. Ngezitini ezibomvu noma ze-tan, futhi cishe umatshe omhlophe, ukubusa - kuvame ukunikezwa i-lick jikelele yepende elimhlophe.
Indlela Yokusebenzisa I-Architecture yaseGegorgia
Lezi yizici eziyinhloko zesakhiwo seGeorgia, kodwa khumbula ngezindlela ezehlukene zezitayela ngaphakathi kwesitayela, njengoba kucacisiwe ngenhla:
- Izindlu eziningi zifana nebhokisi elilula, ngokuvamile amakamelo amabili ajulile, ngokulungiswa okulinganiselwe kwayo yonke imininingwane;
- umnyango wangaphambili wamapulangwe (noma izinhlangothi zomnyango ezinentuthuko emikhulu) wawuzogxila, zifakwe ngamaqoqo amawindi angemuva, futhi zifakwe umqhele ongaphezulu noma ophansi, ngokuvamile osekelwa amapilayi ahlobisa - " amadokodo aseDublin " adumile lesi sitayela;
- kwakuyoba khona i-cornice, evame ukugqokwa ngokubunjwa okuhlobisa noma ukugcoba;
- amafasitela azoba ama-multi-paned, wonke amafasitela azobe ehlelwe nge-symmetrically;
- amawindi ama-sash amancane afakiwe (kanye namafasitela e-dormer) angasetshenziselwa izitezi ezingenhla, lapho izitezi zabasebenzi zikhona khona.
Futhi Ekugcineni: Ingabe Ubuchwepheshe BaseGeorgia Buyatholakala KuDublin?
Akunjalo - izibonelo zesitayela, ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokufaneleka nokulondolozwa kwezakhiwo, zitholakala lonke elase-Ireland. Ngokuvamile, idolobha elikhulu, ngcono amathuba okuthola izakhiwo zaseGeorgia. Idolobha elincane laseBirr e- County Offaly , isibonelo, liyaziwa ngefa layo laseGeorgia.
Kodwa qaphela, ngezikhathi ezithile lezi ngeke zibe yiqiniso izakhiwo zaseGeorgia, kodwa izakhiwo zanamuhla zivuselela "isitayela saseGeorgia". Ngoba, ekuqhathaneni kwayo, ekulinganiseni kwalo, kusasa kakhulu emehlweni. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela uye waba nesikhathi esingenamkhawulo. Okungathiwa uphawu lokuphumelela kwangempela.