I-Khat iyisitshalo esine-narcotic esincane esasetshenziselwa futhi sijabule emphakathini amakhulu eminyaka eMpumalanga ye-Afrika nase-Peninsula yase-Arabia. Inokusetshenziswa kabanzi eSomalia, Djibouti , Ethiopia nasezingxenyeni zaseKenya, futhi ithandwa kakhulu e-Yemen. Kunoma yiliphi lala mazwe, uzothola isitshalo sithengiswa ngokukhululekile ezimakethe ezivulekile futhi sidliwe ngokufanayo njalo njengekhofi emazweni aseNtshonalanga.
Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokusakazeka kwazo kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, i-khat yinto elawulwayo kwamanye amazwe amaningi. Yingxabano enkulu, kanti abanye ochwepheshe bayichaza njengento evuselela umphakathi futhi abanye bathi yi-amphetamine-efana nezidakamizwa.
Umlando kaKhat
Imvelaphi ye ukusetshenziswa kweK khat ayicacile, nakuba abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kwaqala e-Ethiopia. Kungenzeka ukuthi iminye imiphakathi isebenzisa khat noma ukuzijabulisa noma njengesizo esingokomoya ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka; nabo bobabili baseGibhithe lasendulo nabaseSufis basebenzisa lesi sitshalo ukuze bavuselele isimo esinjengomzimba owenza ukuba bakwazi ukuxhumana eduze konkulunkulu babo. I-Khat ivela (nge-spellings ehlukahlukene) emisebenzini yabalobi abaningi bembhali, kuhlanganise noCharles Dickens; ngubani ngo-1856 wachaza ukuthi " la maqabunga ahlafunwa, futhi asebenzelana nemimoya yalabo abasebenzisa, njengalokhu isisindo esinamandla seseti eluhlaza okwenzekayo eYurophu".
Ukusetshenziswa kosuku lwamanje
Namuhla, ukwaziwa ngamagama amaningi ahlukene, kuhlanganise kat, qat, ingxoxo, i-Kafta, i-Abyssinian Tea, i-miraa ne-Bushman's Tea. Amaqabunga namahlumela amasha avunwa kusukela ku- Catha edulis shrub, noma ahlolwe ahlanzekile noma anomile futhi athengwe itiye. Indlela yangaphambili inamandla kakhulu, ihlinzeka isilinganiso esiphezulu seqhaza le-plant, elibizwa ngokuthi i-cathinone.
I-Cathinone ivame ukufaniswa nama-amphetamines, okwenza imiphumela efanayo (noma yiyona embi kakhulu). Lokhu kuhlanganisa injabulo, ukujabula, ukuvusa, ukukhulumisana, ukuzethemba okukhulu nokugxila.
I-Khat isibe imboni yezigidigidi zama dollar. EYemen, umbiko weBhange Lomhlaba oshicilelwe ngo-2000 ulinganisela ukuthi lesi sitshalo sasiba ngu-30% womnotho wezwe. Eqinisweni, ukulima kwe-khat e-Yemen kufakazeke kakhulu kangangokuba ukuchelela kwamapulazi we-khat nakho kubhekisela kuma-40% emithombo yamanzi kuleli zwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Khat manje sekusabalalisa kakhulu kunalokho okwakumlando. I-Catha edulis izihlahla manje zivela ngokwemvelo ezindaweni zaseNingizimu Afrika (kubandakanya iNingizimu Afrika, iSwaziland neMozambique), kuyilapho imikhiqizo yayo ithunyelwa emiphakathini ehlala emhlabeni jikelele.
Imiphumela emibi
Ngo-1980, i-World Health Organisation (WHO) yabeka i-khat njenge "izidakamizwa zokuhlukunyezwa", enezimo eziningana ezingalungile ezingahle zibe khona. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuziphatha komuntu kanye nokungabi nangobuhlungu, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elinyukayo nokucindezelwa kwegazi, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukulala, ukudideka nokuqothulwa. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi uma kusetshenziswe isikhathi eside, khat kungabangela ukucindezeleka kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuhlasela kwenhliziyo; nokuthi kungabangela izinkinga zempilo yengqondo kulabo asebenayo kakade.
Akubhekwa njengomlutha ikakhulukazi, futhi labo abayeka ukuwasebenzisa cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba baphumele ngokomzimba.
Kukhona ingxabano enkulu ngenxa yemiphumela emibi ka khat, futhi abaningi abasebenzisi nsuku zonke bathi ukusetshenziswa okuvamile akuyona into eyingozi ngaphezu kokuzibandakanya ekulungiseleleni kwakho kwe-caffeine nsuku zonke. Abaningi abagxekayo ngalezi zinto baxhwele kakhulu emiphakathini yomphakathi yokusebenzisa khat. Isibonelo, ukuvuthwa okwenyuka nokunciphisa ukuvimbela kucatshangwa ukuthi kuholele ekwenzeni okukhulu kocansi olungaphephile kanye / noma ukukhulelwa okungadingeki. Ikakhulu, i-khat iyinhlangano ebalulekile yokuthola imali yemiphakathi engenayo imali encane. E-Djibouti, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abasebenzisi abavamile beK khat basebenzisa imali yesihlanu kwisabelomali sabo sendlu esitshalweni; imali engasebenzisa kangcono imfundo noma ukunakekelwa kwempilo.
Ingabe Kusemthethweni?
I-Khat ivunyelwe emazweni amaningi ePhondo lase-Afrika nase-Arabian Peninsula, kuhlanganise ne-Ethiopia, iSomalia, Djibouti, eKenya naseYemen. Akuvumelekile e-Eritrea, naseNingizimu Afrika (lapho isitshalo ngokwayo kuyizinhlobo ezivikelwe). I-Khat ivinjelwe nakwamanye amazwe amaningi aseYurophu - kufaka phakathi neNetherlands futhi yamuva nje, i-United Kingdom, eyabhala lokho okuyizidakamizwa njenge-Class C izidakamizwa ngo-2014. ECanada, khat iyinto elawulwayo (okusho ukuthi akungekho emthethweni ukuyithenga ngaphandle ukwamukelwa komsebenzi wezokwelapha). E-United States, i-cathinone yisidakamizwa seSheduli, ngempumelelo ihlinzeka ngokungemthetho ngokungemthetho. I-Missouri neCalifornia ziyakwenqabela ngokuqondile khat kanye ne-cathinone.
I-NB: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Khat kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nobuphekula, kanti inzuzo eyakhiwe ekungenisweni okungekho emthethweni nokuthengisa okucatshangelwe ukuxhasa amaqembu afana ne-al-Shabaab, iseli eliseSomalia elise-Al-Qaeda. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kusadingeka kutholakale.
Le ngqungquthela ibuyekeziwe futhi ibhalwa kabusha ingxenye kaJessica Macdonald ngoFebhuwari 5, 2018.