I-Moscow Kremlin: Igalari yezithombe nolwazi

01 ka-13

Hamba i-Moscow Kremlin, i-Kremlin eyaziwa kakhulu eRussia

I-Moscow Kremlin yiyona kremlin edume kakhulu kulo lonke elaseRussia. Izithombe ze-Kremlin zikhombisa indawo enqabile enqabeni enqabile ebomvu ephethe amakhishi, izindlu zamakhosi, izakhiwo zikahulumeni, nezinye izindleko ezidumile ezedlule.

I-Kremlin, njengamakhulu eminyaka adlule, iyisikhungo sikahulumeni waseRussia. Kodwa futhi inhliziyo yomlando yaseMoscow kanye neminye yezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezivakashelwa kakhulu. Ukuvakashela i-Kremlin kumele kube kuloluhlu lwabantu abahambahambayo baseMoscow. Lapho, ungahlola izizinda ze-Kremlin, uthathe izithombe, ubuke izindawo zangaphakathi zamasonto, futhi umangazwe yimithombo yamamyuziyamu.

Ngisho noma ungeke ukwazi ukwenza ku-Kremlin ngokwakho ukubuka izakhiwo zayo zomlando, usakwazi ukujabulela okuningi kwalokho iKremlin enikezwa ngakho ngokuvakasha kwalesi sithombe. Izithombe zimelela izakhiwo ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwe-Kremlin, futhi izincazelo ezilandelayo zizokutshela ukuthi zibaluleke ngani.

02 ngo-13

I-Towers neGrand Kremlin

Indlu yaseGrith Kremlin, efanekiselwa phakathi kwemibhoshongo esithombeni esingenhla, yayisendaweni esemthethweni yaseMoscow yama-tsars aseRussia. Yakhiwe phakathi nekhulu le-19, yashintsha isigodlo esendaweni efanayo. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kwakwenza indawo yokufakwa kwamakhosi amahle asekhona kakade: i-Palace of Facets, iTerem Palace, neTsarina's Golden Chamber. Manje isetshenziselwa imikhosi kanye nokwamukelwa kwezwe okubalulekile.

Isigaba esakhiwe kakhulu esakhiweni saseGrith Kremlin sibheke uMfula waseMoscow futhi sibonakala sinezitezi ezintathu, nakuba phansi ephezulu empeleni kunezindaba ezimbili eziphakeme. Amakamelo okuthola ukwakha i-interior of the palace, kanye namakamelo awakhona ama-tsars, afana nesifundo, igumbi lokudweba kanye nendawo yokudlela.

Kusuka kude, ungabona imibhoshongo nezindonga ze-Moscow Kremlin. Kulesi sithombe, iNdlu enkulu yeKremlin nayo ibonakala ngaphezu kwezihlahla. I-Kremlin inemibhoshongo engu-19 kubo bonke (kanye nombhoshongo wesi-20 ongumbhoshongo ovelele ebhuloho). Udonga olugijima phakathi kwabo luzungeze izakhiwo zaseKremlin.

03 ka-13

I-Spasskaya Tower ye-Moscow Kremlin

I-Spasskaya Tower ye-Kremlin inemininingwane eminingana ethakazelisayo. Eyakhelwe ngo-1491 ngumqambi wase-Italy, isango likhonza njenge "yokungena okuyinhloko" okuvela e-Red Square - lokhu kwakuye kwasetshenziselwa ukuqhutshwa kwemikhosi.

Imithombo ihluke lapho iwashi leKremlin livela okokuqala e-Spasskaya Tower, futhi liye lashintshwa izikhathi eziningi phezu kwamakhulu eminyaka. Iwashi oyibona namhlanje embhoshongweni lafakwa phakathi nekhulu le-19.

Inkanyezi phezu kweSpasskaya Tower iyinhlanganisela yayo entsha - amaSoviet ayenezela phakathi nekhulu lama-20.

04 ka-13

I-Cathedral of the Dormition, eMoscow Kremlin

I-Cathedral of the Dormition, ngezinye izikhathi ehunyushwe ku "I-Cathedral of the Assumption," ingenye yezingcezu ezinhle kakhulu zezakhiwo ekwakheni iKhedralral Square. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngekhulu le-15 leminyaka, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iCathhedral of the Dormition iye yaba isonto elibaluleke kakhulu eRussia. I-Cathedral yaseDormition ibone ukukhishwa kwama-tsars nemishado yasebukhosini futhi sekuyisihlalo seMetropolitan yaseMoscow.

Ingaphakathi laleli bhishobhi elibalulekile lihlotshiswe ngamafrescoes amahle, kanti ezinye zezimpawu ezibaluleke kunazo zonke zaseRussia zakhiwe ikakhulukazi ekamelweni eliphakeme. UMoya Oyingcwele weVladimir wekhulu le-11 noma le-12 waboniswa lapha ngesikhathi esisodwa, nakuba manje uvikelwe kwigalari ye-Tretyakov.

Isihlalo sobukhosi saseMonomachus, esithunywe ngu-Ivan the Terrible ngekhulu le-16, singabonakala lapha.

05 ka-13

I-Annunciation Cathedral, i-Moscow Kremlin

I-Annunciation Cathedral yabamba izinsizakalo zesonto zaseRussia zemindeni yasebukhosini. Ixhunywe emakamelweni okuhlala e-tsar. I-facade esicacile nendlu yegolide ye-cathedral yenza kube yinto evelele eCathhedral Square.

U-Ivan the Terrible wayeseyakha kabusha isonto ukuze ithathe isonto elidlule elimi endaweni efanayo. Ngemva kokushada nomkakhe wesine futhi wavinjelwa ukuya emisebenzini ngenxa yemithetho ye-Orthodoxy yaseRussia, wayemi emgodini owakhiwa kabusha kanye nokwakhiwa kwesonto elisha. Ungayibona ngakwesokunxele salesi sithombe, ngezitebhisi eziholela ebhokisini elimboziwe.

Izimpawu zabanye abadwebi bezithombe ezidume kakhulu babonisa umusa wangaphakathi kweCathralral ye-Annunciation. U-Andrei Rublev, i-Theophanes isiGreki, neProkhor yaseGorodets banikele ekuhloliseni kwaleli khasi elizimele.

06 ka-13

I-Cathedral Yengelosi Eyinhloko, eMoscow Kremlin

I-Cathedral yeSikhulu Esiyinhloko ibonisa ezinye izakhi ze-architecture zase-Italy, njengefomu le-shell-like in the arcade ngqo ngaphansi kophahla lwesakhiwo. Noma kunjalo, ingaphakathi libonisa ubuciko emlandweni waseRussia - ama-portraits of izikhulu ahlanganisa izindonga, futhi isithonjana seMngelosi omkhulu uMichael sizungezwe izinkathi zemvelaphi yayo.

I-Cathedral yeSikhulu Esiyinhloko eKremlin igcwele amathuna abaholi baseRussia abafile. Izivakashi zizobona indawo ekhethekile ezinikezelwe indodana ka-Ivan the Terrible, obizwa nangokuthi u-Ivan. U-Ivan wabulala indodana yakhe ngesikhathi ephikisana. Isimo sika-Ivan the Terrible eshaqeka ngokubulala kwakhe indodana yakhe siboniswe emdwebo owaziwa yi-Ilya Repin.

07 ka-13

Ivan i-Great Bell Tower, i-Moscow Kremlin

Sekuyiminyaka engama-600, umbhoshongo wensimbi uye wahlala endaweni yesakhiwo se-Ivan i-Great Bell Tower. UBoris Gudonov wayala ukuba kuphakanyiswe ukuze kube yisakhiwo eside kunazo zonke eMoscow. Kuze kube sekhulwini le-19, akukho zakhiwo eMoscow ezivunyelwe ukuba zide kunokuba i-Ivan the Great Bell Tower.

Umbhoshongo wawusetshenziswe kokubili njengendonga yokulinda futhi njengombhoshongo. Izinsimbi ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili zimiswe enkampanini yebell futhi okungenani izindinganiso ezimbili zezinsimbi zezingcweti zidinga ukusetha izinsimbi.

Ivan i-Great Bell Tower yayisakhiwo esisodwa esibonakaliswe ukubhujiswa nguNapoleon, kodwa imizamo yakhe yokuqothula insimbi yensimbi yahluleka. Ngale ndlela, i-bell tower iphinde ifinyelele isimo njengesibonakaliso sokusinda ngaphansi kokucindezeleka. Isakhiwo esihle kakhulu esinye sezikhangayo ezidumile zaseKremlin. Kokubili i-Tsar Cannon ne-Tsar Bell zitholakala eduze.

08 ngo-13

I-Tsar Bell, i-Moscow Kremlin

I-Tsar Bell ingumzamo onobunjiniyela wobungcweti ohambanga kahle. Bashaya emgodini emhlabathini ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, insimbi ye-Tsar Bell yavuthwa ngamanzi lapho abasebenzi beqeda umlilo oseduze. Lokhu kwaholela ukuba insimbi iqhume, ihlinzeke ngokungenalutho. I-shard yensimbi ephukile kusuka enhlokweni enkulu ibeka amathani angaphezu kuka-11 yedwa.

I-Tsar Bell isaboniswa ngaphandle kwe-Ivan i-Great Bell Tower. Phenduka phakathi kwegebe (engabonakali kulesi sithombe) ukubuka ama-clapper amakhulu ahloselwe i-Tsar Bell, bese ephonsa ngenhlamvu ngenhlanhla.

09 ka-13

Amasonto aKwaseMsindisi weCathhedral neTerem Palace

I-Terem Palace Churches kanye neChurch Church yaseMsindisi manje sebeyingxenye yoMhlali waseRussia. Ngakho-ke awekho ovulekile emphakathini. Ngaphambili, basebenzise amalungu omndeni we-tsar - i-tsarina (indlovukazi) ne-zarevna (indodakazi ka-tsar noma indodakazikazi).

Ekuhambeni kwakho ngeMoscow Kremlin, i-cupolas yale masonto iphuma ngeminyango yabo, igolide kanye nemibhoshongo emibala abahlala kuyo.

10 kwangu-13

I-Senate Building, i-Moscow Kremlin

Ngesikhathi iSakhiwo Senate, isakhiwo seNeoclassical sekhulu le-18 leminyaka, esetshenziswa ukuhlala uhulumeni phakathi nekhulu lokugcina, manje sekuhlala uMongameli waseRussia. Ingaphakathi liye lavuselelwa ngokufanele, kodwa ingaphandle igcina isakhiwo sayo sokuqala.

ULenin waphinde waqhubeka nesifundo eSenate Building.

11 kwangu-13

I-Tsar Cannon, i-Moscow Kremlin

I-Tsar Cannon, eyakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, impela nje ingxenyeni ehlosiwe yomhlobiso efuna ukugcizelela. I-canon yemidlalo yesikhashana ikhulu kakhulu ukuze ifane nesibhamu se-cannon. Ngokuhambisana negama layo elihloniphekile, lihlotshiswe kahle nge-scrollwork ne-reliefs eguqulela lo mshini wezempi ibe umsebenzi wezobuciko. Emashumini eminyaka edlule abonile izithombe ezishicilelwe zongameli baseMelika nabaseRussia bexosha izandla phambi kweTsar Cannon.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-cannon iyi-cannon esebenzayo. Ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi kwaxoshwa okungenani kanye, nakuba ngokuqinisekile kunezinhlamvu ze-cannon ezenziwe ukuze zivumelane nomgqomo wayo.

12 kwangu-13

I-Palace yezinhlobonhlobo

I-Palace of Facets yayisetshenziswe njengehholo kanye nehholo lokwamukela ama-tsars nezivakashi zabo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ekuqaleni eyakhiwe abakhiqizi be-Italy, manje ixhunywe eNdlini yaseGrith Kremlin.

I-Porch Red, ebonwe ngakwesokunxele kwalesi sithombe (futhi empeleni asibomvu namuhla), ijikelezwe ngendlovu. Lezi zitebhisi zazisetshenziselwa ama-tsars endleleni eya emakhanda eCathhedral of the Dormition. I-legend eyingozi kakhulu ichaza ukuthi izihlobo zikaPeter the Great zaphonswa kanjani ezitebhisini, lapho i-pikemen yayilinde khona phansi ukuze yenze ukushona kwabo.

I-Porch Ebomvu kungenzeka ukuthi yahunyushwa ezinsukwini ze-olden kuya "emaphandleni amahle." (Funda ngokubomvu ngesiko laseRashiya .) Nakuba labhujiswa ema-1930 ngokulandelana kukaStalin, i-Red Porch yayisakhiwa kabusha ngenxa yokuthi ibalulekile futhi ixhunyaniswa nomlando waseRussia kanye nomlando we-Kremlin.

13 kwangu-13

ISonto LasePhalamende Labaphostoli Abayishumi Nambili Nenhloko Yamabhishobhi, eMoscow Kremlin

Ibandla labaPhostoli abayishumi nambili kanye nendlu kaPatriciary kwakuyodwa yamuva okwakhiwa eKathedral Square futhi ayizange yakhiwe kuze kube sekhulwini le-17. Azikho izindleko ezazisindiswa ukuze uthabise unzalamizi waleso sikhathi. Lapha, unzalamizi wathola izikhulu zezivakashi.

Ibandla labaPhostoli abayishumi nambili laliyi-chapelule yangasese.