Umlando & Izibalo Zesijeziso Sokufa ku-PA
Ukwenziwa njengendlela yokujezisa ePennsylvania kubuyele esikhathini lapho amakoloni aqala khona ngasekupheleni kwe-1600s. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukulenga umphakathi kwakuyisijeziso esiyinhloko ngenxa yobugebengu obuhlukahlukene, okuvela ekugqibeleni nasekuphanga, ekubambeni, ekudlwenguleni nasezintweni (ePennsylvania ngaleso sikhathi, "ukuthengwa" okubhekiswe ocansini nezilwane).
Ngo-1793, uWilliam Bradford, i-Attorney General yasePennsylvania waphawula "Ukucwaninga Kanjani Ukujeziswa Kokufa Kudingekile ePennsylvania." Kulo, wagcizelela ngokuqinile ukuthi isigwebo sokufa sizogcinwa, kodwa wavuma ukuthi kwakungeyona nzuzo ekuvimbeleni amacala athile.
Eqinisweni, wathi isigwebo sokufa senza ukuqiniseka kunzima ukuthola, ngoba ePennsylvania (kanye nazo zonke ezinye izifunda), isigwebo sokufa sasimpoqo futhi amajaji ayengavumeli ukugwetshwa icala ngenxa yalokhu. Ephendula, ngo-1794, isishayamthetho sasePennsylvania sichitha isijeziso esiphezulu kuzo zonke izenzo zobugebengu ngaphandle kokubulala "ngezinga lokuqala," okokuqala ukubulala kwakuye kwahlelwa "yiziqu."
Izindwangu zomphakathi zakhula ngokushesha zaba izibuko eziluhlaza futhi, ngo-1834, iPennsylvania yaba umbuso wokuqala emnyangweni wokuqeda lezi zindwangu zomphakathi. Emashumini ayishumi ayisishiyagalombili alandelayo, isifunda ngasinye senza "ama-hangings" angasese ngaphakathi kwezindongeni zasejele.
Ukubulawa kweSihlalo kagesi ePennsylvania
Ukukhishwa kwamacala amacala amakhulu kwaba umthwalo wombuso ngo-1913, lapho isihlalo sikagesi sithatha indawo yomgodi. Esakhiwe e-State Correctional Institution eRedview, Centre County, isihlalo sikagesi sabizwa ngokuthi "Smokey Old." Nakuba isijeziso esikhulu nge-electrocution sagunyazwe ngumthetho ngo-1913, akukho sihlalo noma isikhungo esilungele ukuhlala kuze kube ngu-1915.
Ngo-1915, uJohn Talap, umbulali osolwa ngokubulala waseMontgomery County, wayengumuntu wokuqala owabulawa esihlalweni. Ngo-Ephreli 2, 1962, u-Elmo Lee Smith, omunye owabulawa enecala lokubulala uMontgomery County, wayengumuntu wokugcina wabantu abangu-350, kuhlanganise nabesifazane ababili, abazofela esihlalweni sikagesi sasePennsylvania.
I-Lethal Injection ePennsylvania
Ngo-Novemba 29, 1990, iGov.
URobert P. Casey wasayina umthetho washintsha indlela yasePennsylvania yokubulawa kusukela ku-electrocution kuya ku-injection ebulalayo futhi, ngo-Meyi 2, 1995, uKeith Zettlemoyer waba ngumuntu wokuqala owabulawa yi-injection ebulalayo ePennsylvania. Isihlalo sikagesi saphendulelwa eNkomishini yasePennsylvania Historical and Museum.
Isitatimende Sokulahlwa KwasePennsylvania
Ngo-1972, iNkantolo Ephakeme yasePennsylvania yagwetshwa ku-Commonwealth v. Bradley ukuthi isigwebo sokufa sasingahambisani nomthethosisekelo, besebenzisa isinqumo seNkantolo eNkulu yase-United States eFurman v. Georgia. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona amacala amabili okufa ejele lasePennsylvania. Bonke basuswe emgqeni wokufa futhi bagwetshwa ukuphila. Ngo-1974, umthetho wavuswa okwesikhashana, ngaphambi kokuba iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-PA iphinde isimemezele ukuthi umthetho awuhambisani nomthethosisekelo esinqumweni sikaDisemba 1977. Isishayamthetho sesifundazwe sakha ngokushesha inguqulo entsha, eyaqala ukusebenza ngoSeptemba 1978, phezu kweveto likaMbusi Shapp. Lo mthetho wesigwebo sokufa, oqhubeka usebenza namuhla, uphakanyiswe ezinxusweni ezimbalwa zamuva eNkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States.
Ukwaziswa Kanjani Ukujeziswa Kokufa ePennsylvania?
Isijeziso sokufa singasetshenziswa kuphela ePennsylvania lapho ummangalelwa etholakele enecala lokubulala.
Ukulalela okuhlukile kuqhutshwa ukucubungula izimo ezikhulayo nokunciphisa. Uma okungenani okuyisodwa kwezimo eziyishumi ezikhudlwana ezibhalwe emthethweni futhi akukho nhlobo kwezici eziyisishiyagalombili zokunciphisa ezitholakala ukuthi zikhona, isinqumo kufanele sibe ukufa.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo yisigwebo esihleliwe yijaji. Ngokuvamile, kukhona ukulibaziseka phakathi kwesigwebo somusho nesigwebo esihlelekile njengoba imiyalelo yokuthunyelwa kwecala izwa futhi icatshangelwe. Ukubuyekezwa okuzenzakalelayo kwecala yiNkantolo Ephakeme Yombuso kulandela ukugwetshwa. Inkantolo ingasigcina isigwebo noma ivule ukufaka isigwebo sokuphila.
Uma iNkantolo Ephakeme iqinisekisa isigwebo, icala liya eHhovisi likaMbusi lapho libuyekezwa ngumeluleki wezomthetho ofanele futhi, ekugcineni, nguMbusi ngokwakhe. UMbusi kuphela ongabeka usuku lokubulawa, olwenziwa ngokusayina kwedokhumenti eyaziwa ngokuthi iWarrant's Warrant.
Ngomthetho, konke okubulawayo kwenziwa eNkampanini yokuHlulwa koMnyango eRockview.