Ukufingqiwe Okufushane Kwenkohlakalo YamaMexico 1910-1920
UMexico wadabula izimpikiswano ezinkulu zezombangazwe nezenhlalo phakathi kuka-1910 no-1920. Ukuvuswa KweMexico kwakwenzeka ngalesi sikhathi, kuqale imizamo yokukhipha umengameli Porfirio Diaz. Umthethosisekelo omusha owahlanganisa imibono eminingi ye-Revolution yasungulwa ngo-1917 kodwa ubudlova abuzange buphele kuze kube yilapho u-Álvaro Obregón eba umongameli ngo-1920. Nanka ezinye zezizathu ezenza i-revolution nolwazi ngomphumela walo.
Ukuphikiswa kuDiaz
U-Porfirio Diaz ubekade enamandla iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu lapho enikeza ingxoxo nomlobi wezindaba waseMelika uJames Creelman ngo-1908 lapho athi iMexico yayilungele intando yeningi nokuthi umengameli okumlandelayo kufanele akhethwe ngentando yeningi. Uthi ufuna ukubunjwa kwamaqembu ezombangazwe aphikisayo. UFrancisco Madero, ummeli waseCoahuila , wathatha uDiaz ngesinqumo sakhe futhi wanquma ukulwa naye okhethweni luka-1910.
UDiaz (obonakala sengathi wayengasho ngempela lokho akushilo kuCreelman) wafaka uMadero ejele futhi wathi uzongena ukhetho. UMadero wabhala uhlelo lukaSan Luis Potosi olucele abantu baseMexico ukuba baphakamise ukulwa nomengameli ngoNovemba 20, 1910.
Izimbangela ze-Revolution yaseMexico:
- Ukubusa kombuso wobushiqela uPofirio Diaz iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30
- Ukuxhashazwa nokuphathwa kabi kwabasebenzi
- Ukungafani okukhulu phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu
Umndeni waseSerdan wasePuebla, ohlela ukujoyina uMadero, ube nezikhali ezigcinwe emzini wabo lapho zitholakala ngoNovemba 18, izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuguqulwa. Impi yokuqala ye-revolution yenzeke emzini wabo, manje umyuziyamu ozinikezelwe ekuguquleni .
UMadero, kanye nabasekeli bakhe, uFrancoco "Pancho" Villa, owahola amasosha eNyakatho, no-Emiliano Zapata, owahola amabutho e- campesinos ekhala "¡Tierra y Libertad!" (Land and Freedom!) ENingizimu, banqoba ekudambiseni uDiaz, owabalekela eFrance lapho ehlala khona ekuthunjweni waze wafa ngo-1915.
UMadero ukhethwe ngumongameli. Kuze kube yilokho abaguquleli babebenomgomo ofanayo, kodwa noMadero njengomengameli, ukungezwani kwabo kwabonakala. I-Zapata ne-Villa bebelokhu balwela ukuguqulwa kwezenhlalakahle nezokulima, kanti uMadero wayekade enesithakazelo ekwenzeni izinguquko zezombusazwe.
Ngo-Novemba 25th, 1911, uZapata wamemezela i- Plan de Ayala ethi umgomo we-revolution wukuthi umhlaba uzobekwa kabusha kubantu abampofu. Yena kanye nabalandeli bakhe bavukela uMadero nohulumeni wakhe. Kusukela ngoFebruwari 9 kuya ku-19, 1913, i- Decena Tragica (Izinsuku Eziyisikhombisa Ezibuhlungu ) kwenzeka eMexico City .
UGeneral Victoriano Huerta, owayengumholi wezempi, wavula uMadero wabe eseboshwa. U-Huerta wabe esethatha isikhundla sikaMongameli wabe esedlule uMadero kanye no-Vice-President, uJoseph Maria Pino Suarez.
Venustiano Carranza
Ngo-March 1913, uVenustiano Carranza, umbusi waseCoahuila, wamemezela i- Plan de Guadalupe yakhe , enqabe uhulumeni kaHuerta futhi wahlela ukuqhubeka kwezinqubomgomo zikaMadero. Wakha ibutho le-Constitutionalist, kanti u-Villa, uZapata no-Orozco bajoyina naye futhi bachitha uHuerta ngoJulayi 1914.
E- Convencion de Aguascalientes ka-1914, umehluko phakathi kwabavukeli baphindela futhi phambili.
UVillistas, uZapatistas noCarrancistas bahlukaniswe. UCarranza, evikela izithakazelo zamakilasi aphezulu wasekelwa yi-United States. I-Villa yawela umngcele waya e-US futhi yahlasela uColumbus, eNew Mexico. I-US ithumele amabutho eMexico ukuyomthatha kodwa ayiphumelelanga. ENingizimu Zapata wahlukanisa umhlaba wabe esewunika amakamu, kodwa wagcina esephoqelelwe ukuba afune ukuphephela ezintabeni.
Ngo-1917 iCarranza yakha umthethosisekelo omusha owaletha izinguquko ezenhlalo nezomnotho. UZapata wagcina ukuhlubuka eningizimu waze wabulawa ngo-Ephreli 10, 1919. UCarranza waqhubeka engumongameli kuze kube ngo-1920, lapho u-Älvaro Obregón eqala ukusebenza. I-Villa yaxolelwa ngo-1920, kodwa yabulawa esigodini sakhe ngo-1923.
Imiphumela ye-revolution
I-revolution yaphumelela ekuqedeni iPorfirio Diaz, futhi kusukela ku-revolution akekho umongameli obeke isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyisithupha ehhovisi.
I-PRI (i- Partido Revolucionario Institucionalizado - i-Institutionalized Revolutionary Party) yizithelo ze-revolution, futhi yalondoloza isikhundla sikaMengameli kusukela ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kuze kufike uVicente Fox wePAN (Partido de Accion Nacional - National Action Party) okhethwe ngumongameli ngo-2000.
Funda i-akhawunti eningiliziwe ye-Revolution yaseMexico.