Njengoba ivela ogwini lwaseTanzania futhi ihlanza ngamanzi afudumele, ahlanzekile e-Indian Ocean, iZanzibar iyindawo yokushisa eneziqhingi eziningi ezihlakazekile - izikhulu ezimbili eziyinhloko zazo yiPemba no-Unguja, noma isiqhingi saseZanzibar. Namuhla, ibizo elithi Zanzibar livusa izithombe zamabhishi omhlabathi omhlophe, amahlombe amancane, nolwandle oluhlaza, bonke babanga umoya wokuhweba we-spice we-East African trade. Esikhathini esidlule, ukuhlangana nokuhweba ngezigqila kwanika idokodo leli dumela elibi kakhulu.
Ukuhweba komunye uhlobo noma okunye kuyisici esiyingxenye yenkambiso yesiqhingi futhi kuye kwaba nomlando wayo iminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Ubunikazi beZanzibar njengendawo yokuhweba hotspot kwakhiwe indawo yayo endleleni yokuhweba esuka e-Arabia eya e-Afrika; futhi ngobuningi bayo bezinongo eziwusizo, kuhlanganise i-clove, i-sinamoni ne-nutmeg. Esikhathini esidlule, ukulawulwa kweZanzibar kwakusho ukufinyeleleka kwengcebo engacabangi, yingakho umlando ocebile we-archipelago ugcwele ukungqubuzana, ukushaya, kanye nabanqobile.
Umlando Wokuqala
Amathuluzi amatshe aqothulwe emgodini waseKumbila ngo-2005 asikisela ukuthi umlando womuntu waseZanzibar ubuyela ezikhathini zangaphambili. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zakhamuzi zasekuqaleni zazihamba phambili nokuthi izakhamuzi zokuqala ezihlala eziqhingini zase-archipelago zazingamalungu amaqembu eqembu lamaBantu awenqamula ezweni laseMpumalanga Afrika cishe ngo-1000 AD. Kodwa-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi abathengisi base-Asia bavakashele iZanzibar okungenani iminyaka engu-900 ngaphambi kokufika kwabahlali.
Ngekhulu le-8, abathengisi basePheresiya bafinyelela ogwini lwaseMpumalanga Afrika. Bakha izindawo zokuhlala eZanzibar, eyakhula emakhulwini eminyaka alandelayo emakethe okuhweba akhiwe ngamatshe - isakhiwo sokwakha ngokuphelele kulo mkhakha wezwe. AmaSulumane aqaliswa eziqhingini ezizungezile ngalesi sikhathi, futhi kwabakhileyo base-1107 AD baseJemen bakha i-mosque yokuqala eningizimu yezwe e-Kizimkazi e-Unguja Island.
Phakathi kwekhulu le-12 nele-15, ukuhwebelana phakathi kwe-Arabia, iPheresiya neZanzibar kwaqhakaza. Njengoba igolide, izindlovu zezinyosi, izigqila, nezinongo zazihanjiswe ngezandla, i-archipelago yakhula kokubili ingcebo namandla.
I-Colonial Era
Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15 leminyaka, umhloli wamaPutukezi uVaso da Gama wavakashela iZanzibar, kanti izindaba ze-archipelago ukubaluleka kokuhwebelana nezwe lesiSwahili ngokushesha zafinyelela eYurophu. I-Zanzibar yanqotshwa yiPutukezi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva futhi yaba yingxenye yombuso wayo. I-archipelago yahlala ngaphansi kokubusa isiPutukezi iminyaka engaba ngu-200, ngesikhathi lapho inqaba yakhiwa ePemba njengesivikelo kuma-Arabhu.
AmaPutukezi aqala nokwakhiwa kweqhwa lamatshe e-Unguja, okwakuzobe liyingxenye yecala elidumile laseDolobha laseZanzibar, iCheck Town .
Sultanate of Oman
Ngo-1698, amaPutukezi axoshwa yi-Omanis, kanti iZanzibar yaba yingxenye yeSultanate of Oman. Ukuhweba kwaphinde kwanda ngokugqilaza izigqila, izindlovu zendlovu, nama-clove; okwakuqala ukukhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu emasimini azinikezele. I-Omanis isebenzisa ingcebo eyakhiwa yizimboni ukuze iqhubeke nokwakhiwa kwezindlovu nezinqaba eziseThekwini Town, okwaba yimizi ecebile kakhulu esifundeni.
Inani labantu bomdabu base-Afrika babeyisigqila futhi lisetshenziselwa ukunikeza abasebenzi mahhala emasimini. Amabhantshi akhiwa kuzo zonke iziqhingi ukuzivikela, futhi ngo-1840, uSultan Seyyid Said wenza i-Stone Town inhloko-dolobha yase-Oman. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, u-Oman noZanzibar baba yizikhulu ezimbili ezihlukene, ngalinye lilawulwa omunye wamadodana kaSultan. Isikhathi sokubusa kuka-Omani eZanzibar sachazwa ngukuhlukumezeka nosizi lwezokuhweba kwegqila njengalokhu ingcebo eyakhiwe, nezigqila ezingaphezu kuka-50,000 ezidlula ezimakethe zezinqolobane ngonyaka.
Umthetho waseBrithani nokuzimela
Kusukela ngo-1822 kuya phambili, iBrithani yathatha isithakazelo esikhulu eZanzibar ngokuyinhloko eduze nesifiso sokuqeda ukuhweba ngezigqila zomhlaba wonke. Ngemuva kokusayinwa kwezivumelwano eziningana noSultan Seyyid Said kanye nenzalo yakhe, ukuhweba ngezigqila zaseZanzibar ekugcineni kwaqedwa ngo-1876.
Ithonya laseBrithani eZanzibar laqhubeka likhulunywa kuze kube yilapho iSivumelwano SaseHeligoland-Zanzibar sakha i-archipelago njengesivikelo seBrithani ngo-1890.
NgoDisemba 10, 1963, iZanzibar yanikezwa ukuzibusa njengombuso wezomthethosisekelo; kuze kube izinyanga ezimbalwa kamuva, lapho impumelelo yeZanzibar Revolution yasungula i-archipelago njenge-republic emele. Ngesikhathi sokuvuselela, izakhamuzi ezingu-12 000 zase-Arabhu naseNdiya zabulawa ngokubuyisela ubugqila ngamashumi eminyaka ebugqila ngamaphekula ase-left-wing aholwa ngu-Uganda Okanda.
Ngo-Ephreli 1964, umongameli omusha wamemezela ubunye nezwe laseTanzania (elaziwa ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi iTanganyika). Nakuba i-archipelago iye yaba nengxenye yayo enhle yokungazinzi kwezombangazwe nezenkolo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iZanzibar ihlala ingxenye engaphansi kweTanzania namhlanje.
Ukuhlola Umlando Wesiqhingi
Izivakashi zanamuhla eziseZanzibar zizothola ubufakazi obuningi bomlando wezicebe ezicebile. Ngokungangabazeki, indawo engcono kakhulu yokuqala i-Stone Town, manje ekhethwe njenge-UNESCO World Heritage Site ukuze ubuhle bezakhiwo zayo eziningi. Uhambo oluqondiswayo lunikeza ukuqonda okuthakazelisayo emathonyeni asezindaweni zase-Asia, e-Arab, e-Afrika naseYurophu, ezizibonakalisa ngokwabo ekuqoqweni kwe-forts, imikhosi, kanye nezimakethe. Ezinye izinkambo zibuye zivakashele izindawo ezidumile zase-Unguja.
Uma uhlela ekuhloleni iTheku LwaMatshe, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela iNdlu Yezimangaliso, isigodlo esakhiwe ngo-1883 sakwaSultan wesibili waseZanzibar; kanye ne-Old Fort, eyaqala yiPutukezi ngo-1698. Ngenye indawo, amanxiwa ekhulu le-13 edolobheni elinezivikelo eziqinile ngaphambi kokuba kufika amaPutukezi atholakala ePujini esiqhingini sasePemba. Eduze, iziqongo zeRas Mkumbuu zibuyele emuva ekhulwini lama-14 futhi zifaka phakathi izinsalela ze-mosque enkulu.