I-Malaria iyisifo esiyingozi esihlasela amangqamuzana abomvu egazi futhi ngokuvamile isakazwa yizinyosi ze- Anopheles . Izinhlobo ezinhlanu ezihlukene ze-malaria ezidalwa yi-malaria ziyadluliselwa kubantu, okuyinto i- P. falciparum eyingozi kakhulu (ikakhulukazi abesifazane abakhulelwe nabantwana abancane). Ngokombiko wamuva oshicilelwe yi-World Health Organization, i-malaria ibhekene nokufa kwabantu abangu-445,000 ngo-2016, kanti abantu abangu-91% babulawa e-Afrika.
Ezimweni ezingu-216 zezifo ze-malaria ezibikiwe ngonyaka ofanayo, 90% kwenzeka e-Afrika.
Izibalo ezifana nalezi zifakazela ukuthi i-malaria ingenye yezifo ezibulalayo kakhulukazikazikazi - futhi njengendwendwe e-Afrika, usengozini. Kodwa-ke, ngezinyathelo ezifanele zokuqapha, amathuba okuthola i-malaria angancishiswa kakhulu.
Ukuhlela kwangaphambi kokuhamba
Akuzona zonke izindawo zase-Afrika ezithintekayo yilesi sifo, ngakho isinyathelo sokuqala ukucwaninga indawo ohlosiwe kuyo futhi uthole ukuthi ngabe u-malaria uyinkinga noma cha. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olusesikhathini samanje ezindaweni ezibeka ingozi ye-malariya, hlola ulwazi olufakwe ohlwini lweZiko Lokulawula Ukuvimbela Nokuvimbela Izifo.
Uma indawo oya kuyo iyindawo ye-malariya, yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho noma umtholampilo wokuhamba oseduze ukuze ukhulume ngemithi yokulwa ne-malaria. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene, zonke ezifika efomini lesipilisi futhi ziyi-prophylactics kunokuba imishanguzo.
Zama ukubona udokotela wakho kusengaphambili ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba imitholampilo eminingi ingagcini ama-stocks we-malaria prophylactics futhi ingadinga isikhathi sokukuyala ngawo.
Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukuthi umshwalense wakho wezempilo uzothola umshwalense e-US. Uma izindleko kuyinkinga, cela udokotela wakho mayelana namaphilisi ajwayelekile kunokuba abe brand.
Lezi ziqukethe izithako ezifanayo, kepha zivame ukutholakala ngengxenyana yamanani.
Prophylactics ehlukile
Kunezinhlobo ezine ezivame ukusetshenziswa anti-malaria prophylactics, konke okubalwe ngezansi. Okulungile kuwe kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi indawo oya kuyo, imisebenzi ohlelayo ekusebenzeni lapho nesimo sakho somzimba noma isimo.
Inhlobo ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo, izinkinga kanye neqoqo elilodwa lemiphumela emibi. Izingane ezincane nabesifazane abakhulelwe kudingeka baqaphele ngokukhethekile lapho bekhetha imithi ye-malaria ngenxa yalesi sizathu. Buza udokotela wakho ukuba akululeke mayelana ne-prophylactic ezokwazi ukuhambisana nezidingo zakho ezithile.
I-Malarone
I-Malarone ingenye yezidakamizwa ezibhebhetheka kakhulu zokulwa ne-malaria, kodwa kudingeka nje kuthathwe usuku ngaphambi kokungena endaweni ye-malariya, futhi ngesonto elilodwa ngemuva kokubuyela ekhaya. Inemiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi iyatholakala efomini yezingane izingane; Nokho, kufanele kuthathwe nsuku zonke futhi ingaphephile kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe noma abancancisayo.
I-Chloroquine
I-Chloroquine ithathwa kuphela masonto onke (okunye abanye abahamba nabo ukuthola okulula kakhulu), futhi iphephile ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuthathwe amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi nangemva kohambo lwakho, futhi kungase kukhulume izimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezikhona.
Ezindaweni eziningi zase-Afrika, omiyane baye baba nokuphikisana ne-chloroquine, okwenza kube yize.
I-Doxycycline
Kanti futhi nsuku zonke, i-doxycycline idinga kuphela ukuthatha izinsuku ezingu-1-2 ngaphambi kokuhamba futhi ingenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezibhebhetheka kakhulu zokulwa ne-malaria. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuthathwe amasonto amane ngemuva kohambo lwakho, alungele izingane nabesifazane abakhulelwe, futhi kungandisa ukwanda kwezithombe, ukunikeza abasebenzisi ithuba lokushona kwelanga okungalungile.
I-Mefloquine
Ngokuvame ukudayiswa ngaphansi kwegama leLariam, i-mefloquine ithathwa masonto onke futhi iphephile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Kubuye kufikeleleke, kodwa kufanele kuthathwe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kwamasonto amane emva kokuhamba. Abasebenzisi abaningi bakhononda ngamaphupho amabi ngenkathi ku-mefloquine, futhi kungaphephile kulabo abanenkinga yokuhlupha noma izimo zengqondo. Ama-parasites angase aphikisana ne-mefloquine kwezinye izindawo.
Kuneziqondiso ezahlukene zephilisi ngalinye. Qinisekisa ukuthi uyilandela ngokucophelela, uthatha inothi elithile ukuthi uhambe kanjani ngaphambi kokuhamba uhambo, bese uhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani ukuzithatha emva kokubuya kwakho.
Izinyathelo ezivimbelayo
Ama-prophylactics ayadingeka ngoba akunakwenzeka ukugwema ukuluma okulunywa yizinyosi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unomdlandla kangakanani. Kodwa-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukugwema ukukhala lapho kunokwenzeka ngisho noma ukhona emithini yemithi, ikakhulukazi njengoba kunezinye izifo ezithwalwa umiyane e-Afrika ezingekho emaphilisi e-anti-malaria.
Nakuba ama-lodges amaningi ase-upmarket safari ahlinzeke ngamanethi omnyovu, ngaso sonke isikhathi umqondo omuhle wokuletha omunye nawe. Ikhanya, futhi kulula ukulingana nemithwalo yakho. Khetha okukodwa okuhlanjululwe yizinambuzane, noma uzifake wena kanye negumbi lakho njalo ebusuku ngaphambi kokulala. Amakhoyili ensimu nawo aphumelela kakhulu futhi ashise amahora angu-8.
Khetha indawo yokuhlala nabalandeli kanye / noma isimo sezindiza, njengoba ukuhamba komoya kwenza kube nzima ukuba umiyane uhlale futhi ulume. Gwema ukugqoka emva kokudla okunamandla noma amafutha (ucatshangelwe ukuheha umiyane); futhi ugqoke amabhulukwe amade kanye namahembe angemikhono eminengi ekuseni nakusasa lapho ama- mosquito e- nopheles esebenza kakhulu.
I-Malaria Symtoms & Treatment
Amaphilisi e-anti-malaria asebenza ngokubulala ama-malaria e-early stage. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi ngokuqinisekile behlisa ingozi yokuthola i-malaria ngokuphawulekayo, ayikho enye ye-prophylactics ebalwe ngenhla i-100% esebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu ze-malariya, ukuze kuthi uma wenza isivumelwano, ungafuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Esikhathini sokuqala, izimpawu ze-malariya zifana nalokho 'lomkhuhlane. Zihlanganisa ama-aches nezinhlungu, umkhuhlane, ikhanda kanye nesicashu. Ama-chills acindezelayo nokulandela ukujuluka, kanti ukutheleleka yi- P. falciparum parasite kubangele ukukhipha isisu, ukulala nokudideka, konke okuphawulekayo nge-malaria ye-cerebral. Lolu hlobo lwe-malaria luyingozi kakhulu, futhi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha kuyadingeka.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-malaria (kuhlanganise nalabo abangelwa yiP. falciparum , i- P. vivax ne- P. ovale izidumbu) zingabuyela ngezikhathi ezingavamile ngezikhathi eziningana emva kokutheleleka kokuqala. Kodwa-ke, i-malaria ivame ukuphulukiswa ngamaphesenti angu-100 uma nje uthola ukwelashwa okusheshayo futhi uqedela inkambo yakho yemithi. Ukwelashwa kuhilela izidakamizwa zemithi, ezixhomeke kuhlobo lwe-malaria onakho nalapho uthola khona. Uma uhambela endaweni ethile ngokude kakhulu, umqondo omuhle ukuthatha ukwelashwa okufaneleka kwe-malaria nawe.
Lesi sihloko sibuyekezwe nguJessica Macdonald ngoFebhuwari 20, 2018.