Izinduna - iBrithani inamakhulu. Leli gama liveza umlingo, ubuhle, nemicabango. Kodwa yini ngempela eyayiyinqaba, empeleni? Qonda i-lingo futhi uzothola isithombe.
Ama-castle ahlakazekile ngaphesheya kwezwe lase-England, eScotland naseWales azange azakhelwe amakhosazana amancane (ngaphandle uma beboshwa). Beyizindawo ezivusa amadlingozi - okokuqala futhi okuyinhloko, izinqaba, ezenzelwe ukwesabisa nokulawula abantu basekhaya (njengezindawo zika-Edward I eWales ) noma ukuzivikela.
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Ezinye, njengezindlu ezingenamagama emzaneni waseNorfolk weNqabayokulinda Acre zingaphezu kwezindawo ezibhuqiwe noma, njengeMaiden Castle , izikhukhula zomhlaba lapho kwakukhona khona izindawo zokuhlala. Abanye, njengeHarchch Castle noma eCaernarvon, banemibhoshongo, ama-turrets, nempi yokulwa, okwanele ukudla noma yikuphi ukuphupha kwansuku lomusa.
Kodwa Kusho Ukuthini Konke?
Uma uvakashela izinqaba, kunamagama amaningi okungaqondakali abhekwa njengokungathi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi asho ukuthini. Usho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthi i- motte ne-bailey iyini? Futhi ucabanga ukuthi i- donjon yayiyinto efanayo nejele?
Ngaphandle kolunye ulwazi oluyisisekelo, ukuvakasha indlu enothando kakhulu kungabonakala njengensika ejikeleze ibutho lamadwala. Kodwa, uma ufunda imigomo embalwa yenqaba konke kunengqondo. Lawa magama abalulekile nemishwana kuzokwenza ukuthi ukhulume "ngqongquthela" okuhle kakhulu kubo ngesikhathi esithile futhi uqonda ukuthi lezi zindawo zasempi zisebenza kanjani ngempela.
- UMotte noBaley - Izinqaba zokuqala zenziwe ngamapulangwe futhi zifakwa ezindaweni eziphakeme ngokwemvelo noma kumuntu omkhulu, umuntu wenza izigxobo. Leli gundane lalibizwa ngokuthi i- motte . Kwakuvame ukuzungezwe umgodi bese kuba nomkhathi wezinga elingaphakathi ngaphakathi kodonga lwamatshe noma i- palisade (ucingo olwenziwe ngezinti ezicijiwe, luphelile ekugcineni). Lowo mhlaba wezinga kwakuyi-bailey. Ngezinye izikhathi udonga oluzungezile lwaluthiwa nge-bailey. Nakuba kungekho khona i-motte ehlanzekile nezinqaba ze-bailey ezishiye, kukhona ubufakazi obuningi babo. Isakhiwo esivamile esiyingqayizivele, isici esivamile kakhulu se- Windsor Castle , sibheke ku-motte yokuqala yase-castle, i-50 ft mound yokufakelwa eyenziwe ngesikhuni evuliwe emgodini owuzungezile.
- IWadi - Ezinqabeni ezinkulu ezifana ne-Windsor, ene-bailey engaphezu kweyodwa noma indawo evikelekile egceke ngodonga, indawo ngayinye izobizwa ngokuthi iwadi. Uma uvakashela inqaba, ungabona izindawo ezichazwe njengegceme eliphezulu nesigceme esincane, isibonelo. Lokhu cishe akuhambisani nokuphakama kwawo komzimba kodwa kungase kuchaze ukuthi kusondele kangakanani noma kude kangakanani ngokuphathelene nenqaba yokugcina.
- Bastion - Ngangihlale ngicabanga ukuthi i-bastion yayingenye igama eliyinqaba. Kodwa uma ukhuluma "inqaba", isisekelo sisebenzisa ukuchaza ngokuqondile imibhoshongo, nxazonke noma nge-angled, emgumbini wezindonga ezimbili. Abacibishelayo babevame ukumiswa emicibisholo yomcibisholo noma emaceleni lapho bezovikela khona yonke indawo yenqaba.
- I-Keep - Lena kwakuyindawo yokuhlala eqinisekisiwe eyayiyingxenye eqine kakhulu yenqaba. Kungenzeka ukuthi iphakathi nendawo ye- bailey yenqaba noma emhlabathini ophezulu uyibukela kodwa noma ngabe ukugcinwa kuyatholakala kuphi, kukhethiwe ngoba indawo evikelekile kakhulu. Empi, uma iqhubeka iwa, inqaba yathathwa. E-Orford Castle, eyakhiwe ngekhulu le-12, konke okusele kungukugcina.
- Amadolobha aseDonjon - eNorman, ukugcinwa ngokuvamile kwakuthiwa i- donjon - hhayi isikhunta nhlobo, kodwa indawo yokuhlala kanye nesiphephelo esinamandla kakhulu. Kwakungumkhumbi omkhulu ngaphakathi kwezindonga zendlu.
- I-Barbican - Lokhu kwakungukuvikela kokugcina kwenqaba. Uma abahlaseli bekwazi ukungena emasangweni enqaba babezophoqelelwa ukuba balwe ngendlela eya phambili ekuqhubekeni kwemigwaqo eboshwe ngamapulangwe aphakeme eyaziwa ngokuthi i-barbican. Lapho amabutho esitha esangena ku-barbican, angadluliselwa phezulu ngenhla ngemicibisholo, i-ovuthayo kanye nezinye izikhali ngenkathi ehliswa yizithiyo ezihlukahlukene ezenziwa endleleni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-barbican yayiyinkinga yesithiyo - iBarbican Centre yaseLondon ingenye yezindawo ezididayo kakhulu ezingenakukwazi ukungena eMzini.
- I-Curtain Wall - Lona udonga oluzivikelo oluzungezile i- bailey . Kungaba futhi udonga oluxhumanisa iziqephu noma imibhoshongo, uma lezi zihlukile ekuzigcineni kwazo. Izinqaba ezinkulu zazivame ukuba nezindonga ezimbili zelineni - udonga olungaphandle olwakudingeka luphulwe ngaphambi kokuba udonga lwangaphakathi lwesikhumba, oluvikelwe yizinhlaka, lungase luhlaselwe.
- I-Solar - Lena kwakuyizingxenye zangasese zomndeni wenkosi. Indlu enkulu yayizoba neHholo elikhulu ephansi phansi evulekile kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni. Izindawo zokuhlala zezindwendwe zingase zitholwe emasongweni ombhoshongo kuleli hholo futhi zijabulise usuku nosuku, izingxoxiswano zezombusazwe kanye nenhlawulo yenqaba yenzeke lapha. Yilokho okwakuzochazwa kamuva ngokuthi "inkantolo." I-Solar, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yayingaphansi kwesitezi futhi kwakuyizindawo zokuhlala ezizimele nezokulala zomndeni. Izwi elanga, ngendlela, alihlangene nelanga. Empeleni, kwakunguNorman French eyedwa, kuphela .
- I-Oubliette - izindlu zaseMedieval yayingavamile ukuba neminyango yangempela ngoba ukugcina iziboshwa kwakungavamile. Ungase ube nokubulawa kakhulu noma ukuthunjwa ubugebengu kunokuba uboshiwe ngezindleko zenkosi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kwakudingeka ukufihla othile kude - mhlawumbe kuze kube phakade. Uma kunjalo, bangase baphonswe e- Oubliette , emgodini ojulile, ngokuvamile ephansi kwe-bastion futhi bafinyelele kuphela emnyango wesicupho. Ngezinye izikhathi i-oubliette yayisezingeni eliphezulu embhoshongweni ukuze isiboshwa singase sizwe futhi siphunga ukuphila okuqhubekayo kodwa asikho indlela yokubalekela. Igama elithi oubliette livela eFulentshi endaweni ekhohliwe . Kwakusetshenziselwa okungaphezu kokujeziswa kodwa njengohlobo lokuhlukunyezwa. Isiboshwa sasilahliwe sishiywa sishiywa ukufa.
- I-Garderobe - Ngisho nabantu baseMpumalanga abantu basebenzise ama-euphmisms wezindlu zangasese. Ayikho i- garderobe ayiyindawo lapho izingubo zigcinwa khona, yilokho okushiwo igama lesiFulentshi. Kwakuyi-privo, i-loo, ama-jakes, uJohn, indlu yangasese. Leli gama cishe liye laphumela ekusetshenzisweni kweBrithani kwegama elithi WC noma i-closet yamanzi ye-lavatory, kanye ne-(futhi iBrithani) ukusetshenziswa kwamagama egumbi le-cloak ukuchaza phansi i-loo. Njengoba kunikezwe ukungabi namanzi okuphuza, kungenzeka ukuthi kunengqondo ukubeka leli gumbi elibalulekile, elisebenzayo endaweni ethile ngaphandle. Kodwa njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni kwalesi siqephu, inqaba yayiyi-fortress eyokuqala. Kwakungenangqondo ukuthi ama-knights ahlale evikelekile lapho enza imisebenzi yomzimba esengozini. I-garderobe yayivame ukutholakala ngaphakathi komunye wemibhoshongo noma ngaphakathi kwodonga oluqhelile lwamahholo futhi ihlukaniswe namanye amakamelo nge-chicane efana nokuhlelwa kwezindonga. Igumbi lalinamabhantshi ukuthi - uma izinceku zinenhlanhla - zithwele emfuleni noma emanzini. Uma bengenangqondo, enye yezinceku zase-castle yayizoba nomsebenzi wokuqeda phansi ama-chutes.