Kasato Maru kanye nabokuqala baseJapan abafuduki eBrazil

Ngo-June 18, 1908, abafuduki baseJapane bokuqala bafika eBrazil, bangena eKasato Maru. Inkathi entsha yayizoqala isiko lobuhlanga nobuzwe baseBrazil, kodwa ukuhlala njalo kwakungeyona eyokuqala futhi okuyinhloko engqondweni yabasebenzi abasanda kufika lapho bephendule isikhalazo sesivumelwano sokufuduka eJapane-Brazil. Abaningi babo babecabanga ukuthi uhambo lwabo luyinto yesikhashana - indlela yokufeza ukuchuma ngaphambi kokubuyela ezweni lakubo.

Uhambo oluvela eKobe ukuya esikhumulweni saseSantos, eSo Paulo State, lwahlala izinsuku ezingu-52. Ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abangu-781 ababoshwe ngesivumelwano sokufuduka, kwakukhona nabagibeli abazimele abangu-12. Isivumelwano Sobungane, Ukuhweba Nokuhamba Ngezindlela ezenza lolu hambo lwangenzeka ukuthi selusayinwe eParis ngo-1895. Kodwa-ke, inhlekelele embonini yekhofi yaseBrazil eyaqhubeka kuze kube ngo-1906 ibambezele ukungena kokuqala kwabaseJapane.

Ngo-1907, umthetho omusha wawuvumela wonke umbuso waseBrazil ukuba uqale iziqondiso zawo zokufuduka. I-São Paulo State inqume ukuthi amaJapane angaba ngu-3 000 angahamba iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu.

I-Saga iqala

UJapane wadabula izinguquko ezinkulu ngaphansi kuka-Emperor Meiji (Mutsuhito), umbusi kusukela ngo-1867 kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1912, owazinikela umsebenzi wokuvuselela iJapane. Ezinye izenzakalo zenkathi zithinte kabi umnotho. Ekushintsheni kusukela ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalolunye kuya kwekhulu lama-20, iJapane yabhekana nempi ye-First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) kanye neRussia-Japanese War (1904-1905).

Phakathi kwezinye izinkinga, leli zwe lalinzima ukubuyisela amasosha abuyela emuva.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imboni yekhofi eBrazil yayikhula futhi isidingo esengeziwe sabasebenzi basepulazini, ngenxa yezingxenye zokukhululwa kwezigqila ngo-1888, kwakushukumisele uhulumeni waseBrazil ukuba avule amabhuloho ekuthumeni.

Ngaphambi kokufuduka kwaseJapane kwaqala, abaningi abafuduka baseYurophu bebangene eBrazil.

Ekuqaleni kuka-2008 kubonisa ukufuduka kweJapane eBrazil ku-Coffee Museum eSantos, idokhumenti ibhale izindawo zokuvela kwabangaphandle abasuka eKasato Maru:

Uhambo oluvela eJapane oluya eBrazil lwaxhaswa uhulumeni waseBrazil. Imikhankaso yemisebenzi yokukhangisa eBrazil kubantu baseJapane ithembisa ukuzuza okukhulu kubo bonke abazimisele ukusebenzela emapulazini ekhofi. Kodwa-ke, izisebenzi ezanda kufika zizobona maduze lezo zithembiso zazingamanga.

Ukufika eBrazil

Yenziwe eJapane, incwadi yaseBrazil mayelana nokuphila kuka-Nikkei (eJapane nenzalo), kubika ukuthi ukuqala kokuvela kwabaseJapane kwakubhaliswa encwadini ethi J. Amâncio Sobral, umhloli wase-Brazilian wokufuduka. Uthi ukuhlanzeka, ukubekezela nokuziphatha okuhlelekile kwabafuduki.

Lapho befika eSantos, abafuduki eKasato Maru bathola endaweni yokuhlala. Bese bathunyelwa eSão Paulo, lapho bachitha khona izinsuku ezithile kwenye indawo yokulala ngaphambi kokuba bathathe emapulazini ekhofi.

I-Harsh Real

I-Immigration Memorial e-São Paulo, esekelwe esakhiweni esashiya indawo yokufika kwabokufika, inomfanekiso wesakhiwo saseJapane epulazini lekhofi.

Ngisho noma abafuduki baseJapan bebehlala ezimweni eziphazamisekile eJapane, labo babengenakuqhathaniswa namapulangwe angenalutho anesisekelo sokungcola ababelindele eBrazil.

Ubuqiniso obubucayi bokuphila emapulazini ekhofi - izindawo zokuhlala ezinganele, ukuphathwa komsebenzi onesihluku, izinkontileka ezibophezele izisebenzi ezimweni ezingalungile, njengokuthenga izinto ezithengiswayo ezithengweni zokutshala izimboni - zabangela ukuba abafuduki abaningi baphule isivumelwano futhi babalekele.

Ngokusho kwedatha evela eMyuziyamu yaseJapane Immigration eLiberdade, eSão Paulo, enyatheliswa yi-ACCIJB - Association for the Celebrations of the Immigration Japanese eBrazil, abasebenzi base-781 eKasato Maru baqashwe amapulazi ayisithupha ekhofi. Ngo-September 1909, kwakungu-191 kuphela abafuduki ababekhona kulezo zifama. Ipulazi lokuqala elizoshiywa ngenani elikhulu kwakunguDumont, edolobheni lanamuhla lakwaDumont, SP.

Ngokusho kwe-Estações Ferroviárias do Brasil, ngaphambi kokufika kwabokuqala baseJapane ipulazi laseDumont lalingakaze libe nguyise ka-Alberto Santos Dumont, iphayona lezindiza laseBrazil. Isiteshini sesitimela esingaqediwe saseDumont lapho abafiki bokuqala baseJapane bafika khona namanje bemi.

Ukufuduka Kuqhubeka

Ngo-June 28, 1910, iqembu lesibili labafuduki baseJapane lafika eSantos e-Ryojun Maru. Babhekene nezinkinga ezifanayo ekuvumelaneni nokuphila emapulazini ekhofi.

Emaphepheni akhe "Ukuba yiJapane 'eBrazil nase-Okinawa", isazi sezenhlalakahle uKozy K. Amemiya uchaza ukuthi abasebenzi baseJapan abashiya amapulazi ekhofi yaseSão Paulo bafika kanjani enyakatho-ntshonalanga nakwezinye izindawo ezikude, ukudala izinhlangano zokusekela ezaba yinto ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi esizayo kwempilo yaseJapane eBrazil.

U-Kasato Maru owayengumfuduki owadlulayo wasuka uTomi Nakagawa. Ngo-1998, lapho iBrazil igubha iminyaka engu-90 yokufuduka kweJapane, yayisaphila futhi yaba nengxenye emikhosini.

I-Gaijin - I-Caminhos da Liberdade

Ngo-1980, i-saga yabokufika baseJapane baseBrazil yafinyelela esikrinini sesiliva nge-Brazilian moviemaker uGizjas Yamazaki uGaijin - Caminhos da Liberdade , i-movie ephefumulelwe endabeni kagogo wakhe. Ngo-2005, indaba yaqhubeka neGaijin - Ama-me como Sou .

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nomphakathi wakwaNikkei eBrazil, vakashela iBunkyo eSão Paulo, lapho i-Museum of Japan Immigration ikhona khona.