Ukuvakasha kwe-Slum, futhi ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuvakasha kwe-ghetto," kuhilela ukuvakasha ezindaweni ezihlwempu, ikakhulukazi eNdiya, eBrazil, Kenya nase-Indonesia. Inhloso yokuvakasha kwezokuvakasha ukuhlinzeka izivakashi ithuba lokubona izindawo "ezingezona ezokuvakasha" zezwe noma idolobha.
Umlando wezokuvakasha eSlum
Ngenkathi ukuvakasha kwesibindi sekutholile ukuhlonishwa kwamanye amazwe eminyakeni yamuva, akusona umqondo omusha.
Phakathi neminyaka eyi-1800, abantu baseLondon abacebile babezoya emajondolo ase-East End. Ukuvakashelwa kwasekuqaleni kwaqala ngaphansi kwesimo "sosizo," kepha phakathi neminyaka embalwa ezayo, lo mkhuba usakazeka ezindaweni zokuhlala ezidolobheni zase-US njengeNew York neChicago. Ngesidingo, abaqondisi bezokuvakasha bathuthukise iziqondiso zokuvakashela lezi zindawo ezihluphekile.
Ukuvakasha kwe-Slum, noma ukubona indlela enye ingxenye eyayihlala ngayo, yafa phakathi nawo-1900, kepha yaphinde yaziwa eNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yobandlululo. Nokho, lokhu okuvakasha kwakuqhutshwa abantu abamnyama abacindezelekile baseNingizimu Afrika abafuna izwe ukuba liqonde ukuhlupheka kwabo. Ukuphumelela kwe-movie ethi "Slumdog Millionaire" kwaletha ubumpofu baseNdiya ekubhekaneni nomhlaba futhi ukuvakasha kwezokuthungatha kwanda emadolobheni afana neDharavi, ekhaya elibhekene ne-India.
Izivakashi zanamuhla zifuna ukuhlangenwe nakho okuyiqiniso, hhayi izindawo zokuvakasha ezimhlophe ezazihlanjululwe kakhulu ngawo-1980. Ukuvakasha kwe-Slum kuhlangabezana nalesi sifiso - kubheka umhlaba ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo siqu.
Ukukhathazeka Ngokuphepha Kwezokuvakasha Slum
Njengakuzo zonke izindawo zokuvakasha, ukuvakasha kwe-slum kungaba ephephile - noma cha. Uma ukhetha ukuvakasha kwe-slum, izivakashi kufanele zisebenzise ngokucophelela ukucacisa ukuthi ukuvakasha kulayisensi, kunomlando omuhle kumasayithi wokubukeza futhi kulandela imihlahlandlela yendawo.
Ngokwesibonelo, i-Reality Tours ne-Travel, evezwe ku-PBS, ithatha abantu abangu-18 000 ku-Dharavi, eNdiya ngonyaka ngamunye.
Lezi zivakashi ziqokomisa amaphuzu ama-slum, njengengqalasizinda yayo yezibhedlela, amabhange nokuzijabulisa, kanye nokungahambi kahle kwazo, njengokungabi nendawo yokuhlala kanye namagumbi okugcoba. Ukuvakasha kubonisa izivakashi ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu onayo ikhaya eliphakathi, kepha lokho akusho ukuthi abanalo ukuphila okuphazamisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imali engu-80% yokuthola okuvela kulolu hambo iphonswa emuva kumaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa umphakathi.
Ngeshwa, ezinye izinkampani, ezithatha amagama afanayo nama-logos, zinikeza "izinkambo" ezingabonakali izimo nezinkinga kodwa zixhaphaza umphakathi. Abafakeli imali emuva emphakathini, noma.
Ngenxa yokuthi ayikho indinganiso yabashayeli bezokuvakasha kwe-slum okwamanje, izivakashi kudingeka zizinqume ukuthi ngabe inkampani ethile yokuvakasha isebenza ngokuziphatha nangokwethenjelwa njengoba ikushoyo.
Ukuvakasha kwe-Slum eBrazil
Izindawo ze- favelas zaseBrazil, izindawo zokulala ezivame ukuhlala emaphethelweni emizi emikhulu njengeSão Paulo, zidweba izivakashi ezingu-50 000 unyaka ngamunye. I-Rio de Janeiro inokuvakashelwa kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umuzi eBrazil. Ukuvakasha kwe-Slum ye-favelas yaseBrazil kukhuthazwa uhulumeni wesifundazwe. Ukuvakasha kunikeza ithuba lokuqonda ukuthi le mibala yezintaba iyimiphakathi ephazamisayo, hhayi nje emigodini egcwele izidakamizwa ekhonjiswe kumabhayisikobho.
Iziqondiso zokuvakasha eziqeqeshwe ziqhuba izivakashi zibe yi-vanvela bese zinikeza izinkambo zokuhamba ukugqamisa ukuzijabulisa kwendawo, izikhungo zomphakathi, ngisho nokuhlangana nabantu abahlala khona. Ngokujwayelekile, ukuzithombe akuvunyelwe ekuvakasheni okuyi-slum okugcina inhlonipho yabantu abahlala khona.
Izinhloso zikahulumeni zokuvakashela ama-favelas zihlanganisa:
- echaza umnotho we-favela (umsebenzi, inhlalakahle, izimakethe eziqashiwe nokuningi),
- ukugqamisa ingqalasizinda ye-favela (izibhedlela, ezothenga, amabhange, imfashini nokuzijabulisa),
- ukuvakasha izikole kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi,
- ukuvakasha amaphrojekthi omphakathi,
- ukuxhumana nezakhamizi nokuvakashela emakhaya abo,
- futhi ujabulele ukudla endaweni yokudlela yasendaweni.
Ukukhathazeka Ngezokuvakasha Kwe-Slum
Ngesikhathi iBrazil isihlele ngokucophelela uhlelo lwayo lokuvakasha, ukukhathazeka kusasele. Naphezu kwemithethonqubo nemigomo, ezinye izivakashi zithatha izithombe bese ziwabelana emithonjeni yezokuxhumana.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani lokushaqeka noma ngomzamo wokukhanyisa umhlaba ekuhluphekeni kwabantu emibhokheni, lezi zithombe zingenza okubi kakhulu kunokuhle. Abanye abashayeli bezokuvakasha, ngokufanayo, baxhaphaza izivakashi, bathi izimakhamuzi zabo zisekela amabhizinisi asendaweni ngaphandle kokubuyisela emphakathini. Mhlawumbe okukhathazeka kakhulu, ukuthi uma ukuvakasha kwezinto ezihamba phambili kungaphumeleli, ukuphila kwangempela kuyathinteka.
Ukuvakashelwa kokuvakasha kokuzimela kuxhomeke ezinkombandlela zikahulumeni, opharetha bokuvakasha bokuziphatha, kanye nezivakashi ezicabangelayo. Lapho lezi zihlangana ndawonye, izivakashi zingaba nakho okuphephile okuhamba , ukuthola ukubuka komhlaba jikelele kanye nemiphakathi ingazuza.