I-Virus Zika kanye Nezifo Zokuzalwa
I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention yakhipha isaziso sesi-2 ("Practice Enhanced Precautions") sokuhamba eBrazil nakwamanye amazwe amaningi aseNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi kwaleli sonto. Isixwayiso sixwayisa abesifazane abakhulelwe ngokulwa nokuya eBrazil nakwezinye izindawo lapho igciwane lisakaze khona, ngenxa yemiphumela engazelelwe futhi engalindelekile igciwane eliye lalinalo ezinganeni ezingakazalwa nezinsana eBrazil (bheka ngezansi).
Iyini igciwane leZika?
I-virus yeZika yatholwa kuqala ezinkomeni zase-Uganda ngawo-1940. Ibizwa ngokuthi ihlathi lapho liqala khona. I-virus ayiyona into evamile e-Afrika naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kodwa isakazeke kakhulu eBrazil njengoba sekuphele isikhathi eside, mhlawumbe ngenxa yendlela ehamba phambili eya eBrazil ngeNdebe Yomhlaba ka-FIFA ka-2014 kanye namalungiselelo e-Olimpiki yakamuva. Igciwane liyasakazwa kubantu ngokusebenzisa ubuchopho be - Aedes aegypti , uhlobo olufanayo lomswakama oluphethe i-yellow fever ne-dengue. Igciwane alinakudluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komuntu ngokuqondile.
Ziyini izimpawu Zika?
Kuze kube manje, iZika ayizange ibangele i-alamu enkulu ngoba izimpawu Zika ngokuvamile zincane. Igciwane lidala izimpawu ezincane kakhulu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa futhi akubhekwa njengengozi yokuphila. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuqubuka okubomvu, umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu obuhlangene, kanye ne-conjunctivitis (iso elincane). Igciwane ngokuvamile liphathwa ngemithi ebuhlungu kanye nokuphumula.
Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi abaneZika ababonisi izimpawu; ngokwe-CDC, kuphela umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu abaphethe iZika bazogula.
Zika ingavinjelwa kanjani?
Labo abagula ngeZika kumele bagweme izinyosi ngangokunokwenzeka izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuba sisakaze kwabanye. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema i-Zika ukujwayela amasu omzimba wokuvimbela umiyane: gqoka izingubo ezinde; sebenzisa i-DEET, amafutha we-lemon eucalyptus, noma i-Picardin; hlala ezindaweni ezine-air conditioning kanye / noma izikrini; futhi ugweme ukuhlala ngaphandle kokuntwela kokusa noma kusihlwa lapho lolu hlobo lweminyanyane lusebenza ngokukhethekile.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi u-Aedes aegypti umlingo usebenza phakathi nosuku, hhayi ebusuku. Akukho mgomo wokuvimbela iZika.
Kungani abesifazane abakhulelwe beluleka ukungena eBrazil?
I-CDC yamemezela isixwayiso sokuhamba kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, iwacebisana ukuba baxoxe nodokotela babo futhi bagweme ukuhamba eBrazil nakwamanye amazwe lapho iZika isakaze khona eLatin America. Lesi sixwayiso silandela izinyoka ezingalindelekile ezinganeni ezelwe nge-microcephaly, isici esingathí sina sokuzalwa esibangela ubuchopho obuncane-kunokujwayelekile-eBrazil. Imiphumela yalesi simo iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobukhulu be-microcephaly kumntwana ngamunye kodwa kungabandakanya ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuzwa nokulahlekelwa kombono, nokulahlekelwa kwezimoto.
Ukuxhuma okungazelelwe phakathi kukaZika ne-microcephaly namanje akukaqondwa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubonakala kuwumphumela omusha wegciwane okungenzeka ukuthi umphumela wabesifazane abanesifo sengculazi esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kokuba batheleleke ngeZika. IBrazil nayo yaba nesifo se-dengue ngo-2015.
Kube namacala angaphezu kwama-3500 we-microcephaly eBrazil ezinyangeni zamuva. Eminyakeni edlule, kunamacala angu-150 e-microcephaly eBrazil ngonyaka.
Akucaci ukuthi lokhu kuqhuma nokuxwayisa okuhambayo kungathinta kanjani ukuya eBrazil kumidlalo ye-Olympic ne-Paralympic yase-2016 e- Rio de Janeiro .