Umgexo we-Heishi unenani eliyigugu futhi liqoqiwe
Incazelo eqondile yezwi heishi (hee shee) "igobolondo umgodi." Ivela ngolimi lwesiKeres, olukhulunywa ngabakwaMelika baseMelika abahlala eKewa, eSanta Domingo Pueblo. Ziyakwamukela ukuthi ziyizinduna zaleli fomu elihle, lokudala elivela emagcekeni abo emphakathini. Njengamanje, kunezisebenzi ezimbalwa eziyikhiqiza eSan Felipe futhi mhlawumbe namanye ama-pueblos. Kubonakala sengathi yiwona kuphela amakhemikhali aseNdiya avela ngqo emlandweni waseMelika waseMelika kanye namasiko kusukela ekubethweni kwensimbi kanye namakhono okukhwabanisa asetshenziswa yiNavajo , Zuni , neHopi avela emthonjeni waseYurophu wabahloli bamaSpanish bokuqala.
Uma isetshenziswe kahle, igama libhekisela kuphela kuzicucu zegobolondo eziye zahlonywa futhi ziba yizinhlayiya ezibekwe eceleni ukuze zenze imigexo eyodwa noma eminingi. Nokho, ngokusetshenziswa okuvamile, igama elithi heishi libuye lisho imigexo enezintambo ezincane kakhulu ezenziwa ezinye izinto zemvelo ngenqubo efanayo.
Imvelaphi ye-heishi iyamangalisa ngoba ihlotshaniswa ngqo nesikhathi esidlule sabantu baseKewa Pueblo (owayeyiSanto Domingo Pueblo), abantu abanamakhono amaningi ekukhiqizeni kwawo. Nokho, ngokomlando, abantu bokuqala ukwenza imigexo yegobolondo kwakuyiziko zakwaHohokam abahlala iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi edlule endaweni yaseTucson, e-Arizona . Bathengisa futhi baxubene no- Anasazi , "abahlala emanzini," amalungu abo akholwa ukuthi bangokhokho bezakhamuzi zasePueblo namuhla.
Ukuvela kwe-heishi njengendlela yobuciko kuqala kurekhodiwe ngo-6000 BC
Njengoba kusengaphambili ukwethulwa kwezinsimbi, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi lokhu kufanele kube uhlobo lokuhlobisa kakhulu kunazo zonke eNew Mexico, futhi mhlawumbe eNyakatho Melika.
Abaculi Bangayenza Kanjani Lo msebenzi Owuthandekayo Ngokumangalisayo?
Uma umuntu ehlola i-string ye-heishi, ukuphendula kokuqala kuvame ukuthi, "Ngabe umhlaba ungayenza kanjani lo mdwebi?" Noma, "Ukuze ungenasici, kumelwe ukuba wenziwe ngokusebenzisa imishini!" Iqiniso ukuthi uma kubonakala sengathi iphelele, cishe cishe yenziwa ngezandla zomdwebi ochwephephile kakhulu, onesineke kakhulu.
Ukwazi izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekwakheni i-string ye-heishi enhle kungasiza umthengi ongakwazi ukuhlukanisa futhi aqonde umehluko phakathi kwezingxenye ezinhle kakhulu zobucwebe ezenziwe ngezandla kanye nokulingisa. Sisebenzisa igama elithi "kungenzeka," ngoba kufanele kuvunywe ukuthi ezinye zezintambo ezingenisiwe ngokuvamile zenziwe kahle.
Ukukhetha izinto eziwusizo
Okokuqala, izinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele zikhethwe ngokucophelela. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu izigobolondo zasolwandle zezinhlobo eziningana. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, amagobolondo asetshenziswa amaNdiya asePueblo ukwenza ubuhlalu butholakale ngamanethiwekhi okuhweba, aphuma eGulf of California, yonke indlela eya eNingizimu Melika. Umnqumo omnyama noma izigobolondo zika-Olivella kwakuyizinto zokuqala, kepha manje ezinye zisetshenziselwa: amagobolondo omnqumo okhanyayo, umama weparele, igobolondo elibomvu, i-shell shell, ipeni shell, i-oyster purple, futhi ngezikhathi ezingavamile, i-oyster ebomvu, e-orange noma ephuzi.
Uma kwakhiwa ngokufanele kulezi zinto ezinzima kakhulu, i-heishi kufanele igcine izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ukubukwa okuningi kwesikhashana kutholakala ngokusebenzisa ama-coral noma amatshe afana ne-lapis, i-turquoise, i-jet (i-lignite), i-pipestone, i-sugilite ne-serpentine ukudala imigexo enhle ye-heishi.
Yiqiniso, i-New Mexico ayiyona indawo yasogwini lolwandle.
I-Kewa ibilokhu ihweba kusukela ekuqaleni komlando oqoshiwe, futhi yenza uhambo lwabo ngezinyawo ezindaweni lapho ezinye izizwe zinezigobolondo nezimpahla zokushintshanisa.
Kwakuyindlela ende yokuhamba nje ukudala umgexo! Namuhla bathenga amagobolondo abo (namatshe, futhi) kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkampani nezinkampani zokunikezela kwegobolondo, noma kusuka kubadayisi abavakashela ukubhuka njalo. Ngisho noma izinto ezibonakalayo zibonakala ziphansi, zihlala zibiza. I-artisan okwamanje kufanele ikhokhe noma yikuphi kusuka ku-$ 8 kuya ku-10% ngekhadi ngalinye lamagobolondo omnqumo kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-dollar for grade lapis.
Ukwenza ubuhlalu
Ukukhiqizwa kobuhlalu obuncane kungaba yindlela enobungozi, mhlawumbe eyenziwe ngokwengeziwe ngokusungulwa kwemishini yesimanje. Izikwele ezincane zenziwe ngokugubha izingcezu zomdwebo ngethuluzi lesandla njenge-nipper.
Ukusebenzisa izigqoko zokubamba izikwele ezincane noma i-dremel noma i-carbide bur yezinyosi, umgodi omncane ukhonjiswe phakathi kwesikwele ngasinye. Lezi zihlanganiswa ndawonye ngomcingo omuhle wepiyano, futhi inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokushintsha lezi fomu ezingcolile zibe ubuhlalu obuphelile kuqala.
Uhla lwezinhlayiya ezinzima lufakwe ngokuhambisa isikrini ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokubhekene namatshe okujika noma isondo likagesi lika-carbide yokugaya. Njengoba ehambisa umcengezi ngokumelene nesondo, lo mdwebi uzolawula ubuhle nobubanzi bobuhlalu ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwesandla sakhe! Ngaphandle kokuba kwenziwe ngokucophelela, lokhu kungabangela izimbobo ukuba zande. Kuleli qophelo, ubuhlalu obuningi (igobolondo noma itshe) luzolahleka, ngoba ludibanisa noma luqhekeze futhi luphephe njengoba i-grinder ithatha iphutha noma ibhulogi. Uma izinto zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene zisebenza, kungadingeka ukuhlunga nokuzisebenza ngokusho kobunzima bazo. Isibonelo, i-pipestone i-djet (i-lignite) ithambile futhi ifakwe phansi kakhulu kakhulu kunokwakheka okubonakalayo okunjenge- turquoise , igobolondo noma i-lapis.
Ezinye izinto zinkimbinkimbi kunzima ukuzenza kunezinye. Isibonelo, lapho uhlaza lwezemvelo lungumhlabathi, cishe u-60-79% ulahlekile. Lokhu kungancishiswa ngandlela-thile ngokufaka umumo wokuqala ube umbuthano onzima ngaphambi kokugaya kuqala. Yisizathu sokuthi i-turquoise yemvelo, i-heishi-style necklaces yizinkinga ezibizayo. I-turquoise ezinzile, engenawo amandla angaphezu kwamandla amaningi, ngokuvamile okunye okukhethwa kukho okubalulekile futhi kuyamukeleka embonini.
Ukuchofoza nokuqeda ubuhlalu obuphelele
Kuleli qophelo, i-string ye-cylinders, kwakhiwe izikhathi eziningana ngeziqu. Ilungele ukuqhutshwa phambili nokushelela ngesondo lokugaya ugesi, besebenzisa amaphepha omhlabathi we-sandwich. Ekugcineni, ubuhlalu buhlanjululwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile nomoya omisiwe, bese unikezwa phezulu nge-"Zam" (i-wax yokuhweba), ebhande lesikhumba. Manje sebekulungele ukukhishwa, kungaba yedwa, ngokuhlanganiswa kwemibala nezinto zokwakha, noma ndawonye nezinye ubuhlalu, zibe yingcezu yezingubo ezinhle. Le nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ayifundiswa ezikoleni, futhi ingafundwa kuphela ngaphakathi kwePueblo kumalungu anekhono lomndeni.
Kungani uHeishi oyiqiniso eyi-Purchase ebaluleke kakhulu
I-heishi eyenziwe ngezandla ewumkhiqizo onamandla womkhiqizo onenani eliphakeme kanye nenani elifanele. Labo abathanda ngempela le fomu yobuciko bakholelwa ukuthi ukwazisa ubuhle bayo nezidingo ezifanele ukuzithola. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqonda inqubo yobuhlungu. Ukuphatha i-heishi kuphela ukuhlonipha ukulula kwayo, amandla akhe afihlakeleyo, nokuzwa ukuthi kukhonjiswe ukuthi kuhlobene nemikhuba engaphelelwa yisikhathi yabantu abayenzile. Uma udweba ngobumnene umkhonto ngesandla sakho kufanele uzizwe njengento eyodwa, ebushelelezi, efana nenyoka. Inzwa isicishe ifinyeleleke.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-heishi eliphezulu noma izitayela ze-heishi zenziwe ngobuhlalu obuye kwahlungwa ngokucophelela ukuze kususwe izingcezu ezinqunywe noma eziphutha ezivela ekusebenziseni ngesandla. Lokhu akulona iqiniso emithangeni engaphansi, lapho udoti kufanele kugwenywe khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo yokugcina izoba nezimbobo ezinkulu kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho ukuthi izinsimbi zizwa zibuhlungu futhi zibonakala zingalingani. Ukungena kwe-inept kuzokwenza ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke.
Ukuncintisana Kwezizwe kanye Nemigomo Yokuthenga Umdabu waseMelika
Akuyona yonke i-heishi eyenziwa eMfuleni iPueblos. Ngawo-1970, umkhiqizo okhiqizwayo waqala ukuvela e-Albuquerque, NM, nakwezinye izindawo ngokuphendula isidingo esakhulayo. Iqhubeka nokungeniswa emazweni asePacific Rim, futhi ngeshwa, ithengiswa bobabili ngamaMelika aseMelika (afaka ezinye eKewa Pueblo) nabangewona amaNdiya. Yize kungase kube khona ezinye izinto ezihlukanisayo (isibonelo, umkhiqizo wasePhilippine uvame ukukhanya futhi unamabala amaningi amhlophe ebuhlahleni), ngokuvamile kunzima ngamehlo angafundiwe ukuhlukanisa umgexo wenkohlakalo ovela empeleni yangempela. Futhi uma ubuhlalu buhlanganiswa nezingeniso ezingenisiwe noma ezinye izibopho zokuhlobisa, umgexo ungaziwa ngisho nangokuthi "isandla esenziwe." Yiqiniso, akuyona into eqinisiwe. Umgexo we-heishi ingumcebo oletha impilo yenjabulo nokuziqhenya kumnikazi.
Isiqiniseko esingcono kakhulu umthengi anakho sokuthola ucezu oluyiqiniso ukuthenga kuphela kumthengisi onokwethenjelwa, owaziyo, futhi ucele ukuqinisekisa ngokubhala ngokuchaza umdwebi, ubuhlobo bezizwe kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Ulwazi kanye nesihloko esinikezwe yi-Indian Arts & Crafts Association. Iphrintshwe ngemvume.