Isifunda saseSpain saseCatalonia siye sabhala kakhulu ezindabeni zakamuva, ngenxa yemvelo yezombusazwe eqhubekayo eyabangela ezinye izakhamuzi zayo ukuba zifune ukuzimela. Nakhu ukubuka izenzakalo zeCrisis Catalan kuze kube yimanje, futhi ukuthi umphumela wabo ungasho ukuthini kokuvakasha kokubili eCatalonia, naseSpain ephelele.
Ukuqonda Umlando weCatalonia
Ukuze uqonde izenzakalo okwenzekayo manje ku-Catalonia, kubalulekile ukuhlolisisa umlando wesifunda.
Kutholakale ekhoneni laseNtshonalanga yeSpain, eCatalonia ungomunye wemiphakathi engu-17 eyizimele. Likhaya labantu abangaba yizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-7.5, abaningi babo abaziqhenya kakhulu ngamagugu ahlukene esifundeni kanye namasiko abo. Ubunikazi beCatalan bumelelwa ulimi oluhlukile, iculo nefulegi; futhi kuze kube yamuva, lesi sifundazwe sathola ngisho nephalamende kanye namaphoyisa.
Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni ophakathi eMadrid ulawula isabelomali kanye nezintela-umthombo wokuxabana kwabase-Catalan separatists abafuni ukufaka isandla emazweni ahluphekile. Izinkinga zamanje zixhomeke kakhulu ezenzakalweni zika-2010, lapho iNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo yaseSpain ichitha izihloko eziningana ezadlula iPhalamende laseCatalan ngo-2006 esimisweni somthetho wokuzimela wesifunda. Phakathi kwezinguquko ezenqatshiwe kwakuyisinqumo sokubeka ulimi lwesiCatalan ngeSpanishi eCatalonia.
Izakhamuzi eziningi zaseCatalan zathola isinqumo seNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo njengengozi ekuziphatheni kwesifunda.
Abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi bathatha emigwaqeni ngokubhikisha, futhi amaqembu aqhubekayo okuzimele enkabeni yezingxabano zanamuhla athola umfutho njengomphumela oqondile.
Crisis Today
Inkinga yamanje yaqala ngo-Okthoba 1, 2017, lapho iphalamende laseCatalan labeka inhlolovo yokunquma ukuthi ngabe abantu baseCatalan bafuna ukuzimela.
Imiphumela yabonisa umphumela we-90% ekuthandeni i-republic emele; kodwa empeleni, kuphela abahlali abangu-43% abavotelayo ukuvotela-bayishiya ngokucacile ukuthi iningi lamaCataloni lifuna ngempela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, ukuvota kwavela ngokungekho emthethweni yiNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo.
Noma kunjalo, ngo-Okthoba 27, iPhalamende laseCatalan lavotela ukusungula i-republic elizimele ngamavoti angu-70 kuya ku-10 ekuvotweni okuyimfihlo. I-Madrid ibhalele ivoti njengendlela yokuzama ukukhishwa kwe-etat , futhi yaqala iSigaba 155 somthethosisekelo waseSpain njengomphumela. Lesi sihloko, esingakaze senziwe, sinike uNdunankulu uMariano Rajoy amandla okukhohlisa ukulawulwa ngqo kweCatalonia. Washintsha ngokushesha iPhalamende laseCatalan, waxosha abaholi bezombusazwe besifunda kanye nomholi wamaphoyisa wesifunda.
Umengameli waseCatalan uCarles Puigdemont uqale wakhuthaza ukumelana nemigomo yaseMadrid, wabe esebalekela eBelgium ukuba abalekele amacala okuhlubuka nokuvukela umbuso. Okwamanje, uRajoy umemezele ukhetho lwezombusazwe ngoDisemba 21, oluzobona ukusungulwa kwephalamende elisha laseCatalan nokubuyisela ukuzimela kwesifunda. Ngo-Okthoba 31, uPuigdemont umemezele ukuthi uzohlonipha imiphumela yokhetho lwangoDisemba, nokuthi uzobuyela eSpain uma kuqinisekiswa ukulingwa okulungile.
Imiphumela Yenkinga Yokuqhubekela phambili
Ukwamukelwa kukaPuigdemont ukhetho olusha ngokuphumelelayo kwenza isinqumo esidala sephalamende senze i-republic evumelekile engavumelekile. Okwamanje, ubudlelwane phakathi kweCatalonia ne-Spain yonke buhlale buqinisekile. Naphezu kwezimo zobudlova emaphoyiseni ngaphambi kokubukwa kuka-Okthoba 1, kubonakala sengathi akunakwenzeka ngalesi simo ukuthi isimo sizokwehla esimweni sokulwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuphikisana phakathi kweMadrid neCatalonia (futhi phakathi kwe-secessionists kanye ne-pro-unionists ngaphakathi kwesifunda uqobo) kuyaqiniseka ukuthi kuqhubeka isikhathi esithile.
Uma iqembu elikhethwe ngoDisemba lingu-independence, isihloko seRiphabhulikhi ehlukile yaseCatalina ngokuqinisekile ngeke sivuswe ezinyangeni nasezinsukwini ezizayo.
Okwamanje, imiphumela eyinhloko yenkinga kungenzeka ibe yomnotho.
Kakade, izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-1 500 zithuthele indlunkulu yazo ngaphandle kweCatalonia, kufaka phakathi amabhange amakhulu kunawo wonke wesifunda. Ukubhuka kwamahhotela kanye nezibalo zezihambeli nazo ziwile, okuphakamisa ukuthi umkhakha wezokuvakasha uzothathwa ngokwezimali ngokwebanga lezingxabano zezombangazwe zaseCatalonia. Umnotho omkhulu waseSpain nawo ungathinteka, njengoba i-GDP yaseCatalan ibonisa cishe u-20% wenani lezwe.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphumelele noma cha, isimo esidlangalaleni sikahulumeni saseCatalonia singabangela ama-shockwaves kuwo wonke umphakathi wase-Europe obanzi. Kuze kube manje, i-European Union, i-United Kingdom ne-United States bonke baye basho ukuthi bayabasekela iSunan united. IsiCatalonia esizimele sizohoxisa e-EU nase-Euro, ihlanganise ne- Brexit ukubeka isibonelo sezinye izinyathelo ze-secessionist eYurophu futhi zisongele ukuzinza kwe-EU yonke.
Imithelela Ekhona Yabavakashela Catalonia
Izindawo eziningi zaseSpain ezivakashelwa kakhulu zikhona ngaphakathi kweCatalonia, kufaka phakathi idolobha laseBarcelona (elidumile ngokuklama kwayo kweCatalan Modernist) kanye nolwandle olungenalutho lwe-Costa Brava. Ngo-2016, isifunda saheha izivakashi eziyizigidi ezingu-17.
Okwamanje, i-Embassy yase-US eSpain ayikhiphi i-Alerts Travel noma imixwayiso yokuhamba eSpain, nakuba bobabili ohulumeni base-US nase-UK banxusa izivakashi ukuba ziqaphele eCatalonia ngenxa yemibhikisho eqhubekayo. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ingozi yokungqubuzana ngokuqondile iye yancipha ngenxa yokwehluleka kokukhishwa kwePuigdemont. Kodwa-ke, ithuba lokuhlukumezeka okuncane phakathi kwamabandla aqeda ukucabangela nganoma yikuphi ukuphikisana akunakwenzeka.
Ngisho nemibhikisho enokuthula inekhono lokuguqula ngokungalindelekile. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi imiboniso izobangela ukuphazanyiswa kokunyakaza kwakho kwansuku zonke kunokuba usongele usongo lomzimba. Okwamanje, ukungaqiniseki, ukuphazamiseka kanye ne-aura yokuhlukunyezwa yizinto ezingathinteki kakhulu ezikhungweni zeCatalan phakathi nesimo sezombusazwe samanje.
Njengoba sekushiwo ukuthi, i-Catalonia ihlala yindawo ehamba phambili enamasiko nasemlandweni. E-Barcelona, izithuthi zomphakathi ziyaqhubeka ukusebenza ngendlela evamile futhi amahhotela nezindawo zokudlela zivulekile ibhizinisi. Abavakashi bangase bazuze ngisho nakubantu abambalwa namanani aphansi njengoba amabhizinisi azama ukukhuthaza izivakashi ukuba ziphakamise ukubhuka kwazo, kunokuba ziguqule izinhlelo zabo zokuvakasha kwenye indawo.
Kuthiwani Ngokunye KweSpain?
Eminye imithombo ixwayisa ukuthi uma ukuqhutshwa kwe-Catalonia kuqhubeka, ukuphambukiswa kwamaphoyisa emaphakathi kuya ezinkingeni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga kungashiya lonke izwe livezwe ngesikhathi zonke amazwe aseYurophu ebhekene nobungozi obukhulu bokuphekula. Lokhu akulona ukwesaba okungenalutho-ngo-Agasti 2017, abantu abangu-16 babulawa ngokulandela ukuhlaselwa kuka-Islamic State e-Barcelona naseCambrils.
Ngokufanayo, abanye bakhathazekile ngokuthi ukunyakaza kukaCatalonia kungabangela imizamo yokwandisa yabase-secessionists kwezinye izindawo ezizimele zaseSpain, kuhlanganise ne- Andalusia , i-Balearic Islands kanye nezwe laseBasque . Kulolu daba, iqembu le-separatist e-ETA labulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-820 emikhankaso yokuhlukumezeka yodlame, futhi kuphela okwahlukunyezwa ngo-Ephreli 2017. Nokho, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi i-ETA noma enye inhlangano enobudlova izohlangana ngenxa yezenzakalo zaseCatalonia.
Okwamanje, impilo yonke indawo eSpain iqhubekela phambili njengoba evamile futhi abavakasha bengenakuthinteka. Nakuba lokhu kungashintsha uma i-Crisis Catalan ihlaselwa ezinyangeni ezizayo, asikho isizathu sokukhansela iholide lakho laseSpain okwamanje.