Ngokuvamile, ziqala ngokuthuthumela okucashile okuzwakala njengendlela yeloli. Ukuthungatha kulandela ukugubha izinzwa nezitsha zekhabethe ngokulingana okulinganayo. Ngethemba ukuthi umonakalo omncane uzokwenzeka ngaphandle kwamafreyimu ambalwa noma igumbi lokuphumula, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukuzamazama komhlaba akukwazi ukugcina, futhi ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kuhlasela i-Alaska.
Kuyini ukuzamazama komhlaba?
Ukukhululwa kwamandla emagqumeni emagqabeni eplanethi, amagobolondo ahlobo oluthululeka phezulu kwesigqoko ngaphansi kwe-crust, yilokho iningi lethu elikukhumbulayo mayelana nokuzamazama komhlaba okuvela esikoleni samabanga aphezulu esikoleni.
E-Alaska, lapho ipulazi lasePacific lihlangana khona ne-Plateau yaseNyakatho Melika engamangalisa, lelo gesi likhishwa nsuku zonke, amagagasi asosizwa asithandayo njengokwenyuka kwesikebhe noma ukushaywa kwemoto, kuye ngokuthi yi-epicenter, noma indawo lapho amapulethi ahlangana khona futhi ahlangene, nokujula ngaphansi kwethu.
Kungani i-Alaska inezamazamazama komhlaba eziningi kangaka?
Lezo zindebe ezimbili zasePacific naseNyakatho zaseMelika ezizungezile kodwa ezingenakusiza zihlala zishaya isikhundla esingaphansi kwesigqoko, futhi ipulazi lasePacific lidiliza, noma lihamba ngaphansi, elilodwa laseNyakatho Melika. I-Alaska inezindawo eziningana ezibeka imingcele yalezi zingqimba: I-Alaska yaseNingizimu Afrika, eduze ne-Anchorage; i-Interior, eduze ne-Fairbanks; futhi eceleni kwe-Aleutian Chain. Amaphutha angabhala lezi zimingcele, noma ahlanganiswe nawo, futhi abonakale njengemifantu ebusweni bomhlaba lapho amadwala abe khona noma ahamba ngokudlulela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Amaphutha eSalcha, Fairbanks, Minto, naseDenali asuke asebenza kahle.
Zingaki ukuzamazama komhlaba okwenziwa i-Alaska unyaka ngamunye?
I-Alaska ine-11% yokuzamazama komhlaba komhlaba, kanti okungu-3 kwengu-6 emikhulu emlandweni oqoshiwe kwakukhona lapho. Kusukela ngo-1900, i-Alaska iye yaba nokuzamazama komhlaba okungamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye noma ayisishiyagalombili ngonyaka, ukuzamazama komhlaba okungama-45 okungenani 6 noma 7, kanye neziqu eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10,000 ngonyaka.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba okudume kakhulu kunayo yonke, kwakuyi-1964 "Ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kakhulu" okugxile ngaseNkosana William Sound. Njengoba ubukhulu be-9.2 ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-4.5, lokhu kuhlasela okubhubhisayo kwaphumela ekufeni kwabantu abangu-100 futhi baphendukela emzini we- Anchorage endaweni yengozi. Imiphakathi encane ehambisana ne-Prince William Sound, njengo- Valdez , yabhujiswe yigagasi elishayayo, futhi umuzi manje usendaweni entsha ngokuphelele cishe ngamamayela angu-6 kusuka kusayithi lokuqala.
Ngivakashela i-Alaska maduzane; kufanele ngikhathazeke?
Cha. Njengeyiphi into engokwemvelo, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwe-Alaska kuyingxenye yomhlaba wezwe, obunzima njengoba kungenzeka. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani ohlala ezweni noma ehambela izwe lokuzamazama komhlaba ukulungiselela. Imindeni yase-Alaska iyakhuthazwa ukwakha "ikhefu eliphuthumayo" lokudla, amanzi, uphethiloli, kanye nendawo yokukhosela kuze kube ngesonto uma kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba okufanayo namandla ngo-1964. Izingane zesikole zifundiswa ngokuthi "Duck, Cover, and Hold" mantra, zifihle ngaphansi kwedeski ngesikhathi sokugaya njalo, futhi kulawo mazinyane ezindaweni ezikugugu, ukuqhutshwa kwezikhukhula ze-tsunami. Qaphela: NgoJanuwari 24, 2016, ukuzamazama komhlaba okungamakhulu angu-7.1 kwashaya iCook Inlet engamakhilomitha angu-100 eningizimu ye-Anchorage, okwenza umonakalo omncane ku-Anchorage kodwa ukuphuza igesi nemigqa yamanzi eKenai Peninsula .
Uma ukuhamba kwakho kukuletha e-Alaska, kukhona amathiphu okuphatha ukuzamazama komhlaba, kube yi-trembler encane noma umthunzi omkhulu.
- Yazi indawo yakho. Ingabe useduze nezakhiwo ezinkulu? Ulwandle? Esiteji esiphezulu sehhotela? Hlela phambili ngokuphuma kwakho, bese ubuza abasebenzi emahoreni uma bane-protocol yokuphuthumayo (cishe yonke into eyenzayo).
- Beka izicathulo zakho, ibhantshi, izihluthulelo, kanye nomakhalekhukhwini eduze noma ekufinyeleleni kombhede wakho. Khumbula, izinto zizozamazama futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziwa ngenkathi kuzamazama komhlaba, ngakho-ke uzofuna ukugcina izinto ngokusemandleni akho ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi ebusuku ukuze ukwazi ukubamba ngokushesha.
- Uma kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba futhi ungaphakathi endlini, hlala endlini. Ungagijimi ngaphandle. Ngaphansi kombhede, idesksi, noma itafula, bese umboza ikhanda lakho. Uma kungekho okumele uzifihle phansi, hamba eduze nodonga lwangaphakathi, ufike phansi, uphinde umboze ikhanda lakho. Ungasondeli amawindi, izinto ezinkulu ezinkulu, noma amakhabethe. Hlala khona kuze kube ukuzamazama ukuyeka ngokuphelele, okungaba imizuzwana embalwa noma imizuzu embalwa. Uma usendaweni yehhotela noma enkulu, landela izinkomba ezivela kubasebenzi noma iziqondiso zakho zokuvakasha ukuze uthole ukuphumula okuphephile, uma kunesidingo. Qaphela ukuthi izinhlelo zokufafaza noma i-alamu yomlilo ingabangela ukuthuthumela.
- Uma ungaphandle, hamba emipulini ekhanyayo, izibonakaliso, noma izintambo zikagesi, uphonsa phansi bese umboza ikhanda lakho. Uma ushayela, hlala emotweni yakho bese udonsa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungaphumi emotweni kuze kube khona ukuzamazama. Uma umugqa wamandla kufanele uwele noma usondele eduze kwemoto yakho, hlala emotweni bese ulinda usizo.