I-Kigali Genocide Memorial Centre ibhekene nenye yezintaba eziningi ezizungeza inhloko-dolobha kaRwanda . Ukusuka ngaphandle, kuyisakhiwo esihle kakhulu esinezindonga ezimhlophe ezihlanziwe namasimudi amahle - kodwa ubuhle obuhle beSikole bubukeka buhluke kakhulu kulokho okwesabekayo okufihle ngaphakathi. Imibukiso yesikhungo isitshela indaba yokuqothulwa kukaRwanda ngo-1994, ngesikhathi kubulawa abantu abangaba yisigidi.
Eminyakeni kusukela ekuqothulweni kobuhlanga sekuye kwaziwa njengenye yezenzo ezimbi kakhulu, izwe liye labona.
Umlando Wenzondo
Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele isigijimi se-Centre, kubalulekile ukuqonda isizinda sokuqothulwa kohlanga luka-1994. Imbewu yodlame yatshala lapho u-Rwanda ekhethwe njengeKoloni yaseBelgium ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe I. AbaBelgi bakhipha amakhadi abonakaliswa kumaRwanda asendulo, abahlukanisa ngezizwe ezihlukene - kuhlanganise namaHutus amaningi, kanye nabancane abaTutsis. AmaTutsis ayebhekwa njengabaphakeme kumaHutu futhi anikezwa ukwelashwa okukhethekile uma kuziwa emisebenzini, emfundweni kanye namalungelo omphakathi.
Ngokungavumelekile, lokhu kuphathwa ngokungalungile kwabangela intukuthelo enkulu phakathi kwamaHutu, futhi intukuthelo phakathi kwezizwe ezimbili yaqala ukusebenza. Ngo-1959, amaHutu avukela omakhelwane bawo abangamaTutsi, abulala abantu abangaba ngu-20 000 futhi abaphoqelela abanye abangaba ngu-300 000 ukuba babalekele emazweni angemngceleni njengeBurundi ne-Uganda.
Lapho iRwanda ithola ukuzimela kusuka eBelgium ngo-1962, amaHutus athatha ukulawula izwe.
Ukulwa phakathi kwamaHutu namaTutsis kwaqhubeka, kanye nababaleki abavela kuleli qembu ekugcineni baqamba iRwanda Patriotic Front (RPF). Izihlukumeza zaze zafika ngo-1993 lapho kutholakale isivumelwano sokuthula phakathi kuka-RPF nomongameli we-Hutu uJuvenal Habyarimana.
Kodwa-ke, ngo-6 Ephreli 1994, uMengameli uHabyarimana wabulawa ngesikhathi indiza yakhe idutshulwa phezu kwezindiza zeKigali. Nakuba kungakaqiniseki ukuthi ubani obangela ukuhlaselwa, ukuphindiselwa ngokumelene namaTutsi kwakushesha.
Ngakapheli ihora, amaqembu amaqembu amaHutu angamaqhawe ase-Interahamwe kanye ne-Impuzamugambi ayevimbe izingxenye zenhloko-dolobha futhi aqala ukubulala abaTutsi namaHutus aphakathi kwawo ayemi endleleni. Uhulumeni wanqotshwa amaHutu abathintekayo, asekela ukuhlatshwa kwaze kwaba yilapho esakazeka khona eRwanda njengomlilo oshisayo. Ukubulawa kwaphela kuphela lapho i-RPF iphumelela ekuthatheni ukulawula izinyanga ezintathu kamuva - kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, phakathi kwabantu abangu-800 000 kanye nabantu abayizigidi ezilodwa babulawe.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuvakasha
Emuva ngo-2010, ngathola ilungelo lokuya eRwanda futhi ngivakashele iKigodi yeSikhumbuzo Sikhungo Sikhumbuzo. Ngangazi kahle ngomlando wokubulala uhlanga - kodwa akukho lutho olungilungiselela ukuhlaselwa ngokomzwelo engangikuzokwenza. Ukuvakasha kwaqala ngomlando omfushane we-pre-colonial eRwanda, usebenzisa amabhodi amakhulu okubonisa, imidwebo yamafilimu amadala, nokuqoshwa komsindo ukukhombisa umphakathi onobunye waseRwanda lapho amaHutu namaTutsis ahlala khona ngokuvumelana.
Lo mbukiso waqala ukhathazeka kakhulu ngolwazi ngokuzondwa kobuhlanga olwakhiwa yizakoloni zaseBelgium, kulandelwa izibonelo zenkulumo-ze kamuva eyakhelwe uhulumeni wamaHutu ukuba aphumelele amaTutsis abathunjiwe.
Ngesiteji sokuqothulwa kobuhlanga, ngangihlaselwa ngamagumbi agcwele amathambo omuntu, kuhlanganise namagagasi amancane nezinsikazi zezingane ezifile. Kukhona imifanekiso yevidiyo yokudlwengulwa nokubulawa, kanye nabasindile bexoxa izindaba zezinhlekelele zabo siqu.
Ama-machetes, amakhabhu, nemivimbo esetshenziselwa ukusika izinkulungwane ezingamakhilomitha angamayela lapho ngimi khona. Kukhona ama-heroes ama-heroes afaka ukuphila kwabo engozini ukuze bafihle izithakazelo noma basindise abesifazane besifazane abadlwengula ababeyingxenye yokubulala. Kukhona futhi ulwazi mayelana nokulandela kokubulawa kohlanga, kusukela ezindabeni zokubulala okungaphezulu kwamakamu ababaleki kuze kube nemininingwane yezinyathelo zokuqala zokubuyisana.
Ngami, ukubona okubuhlungu kunabo bonke kwakuyiqoqo lezithombe ezibonisa izingane ezibulewe ngaphandle komcabango wesibili phakathi nokushisa kwegazi.
Isithombe ngasinye sasihambisana namanothi okudla okuthandayo kwengane, amathoyizi, nabangani - okwenze ukuthi ukubulawa kwabo okudlova kuqiniswe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngashaywe ukungabi nesekelo olunikezwa amazwe okuqala omhlaba, abaningi babo abakhetha ukungazibali lezi zingozi ezenzeka eRwanda.
Izitayela zeSikhumbuzo
Ngemuva kokuvakasha, inhliziyo yami igula futhi ingqondo yami igcwele izithombe zezingane ezifile, ngaphuma wangena elangeni elikhanyayo lezdivini zesikhungo. Lapha, amathuna amaningi anikeza indawo yokuphumula yokugcina abantu abangaphezu kuka-250,000 abahlukunyezwayo. Amakwe ngama-slabs amakhulu akhonkolo ahlanganiswe nezimbali, futhi amagama alabo abaziwa ukuthi balahlekelwa yimpilo yabo abhaliswe emadwaleni aseduze. Kukhona insimu yase-rose lapha futhi, ngathola ukuthi yanikeza umzuzu owudingekayo ukuhlala futhi uvele ubonise.
Izinkolelo Zokuhlukanisa
Ngesikhathi ngimi emasimini, ngibona ama-cranes esebenza ezakhiweni ezintsha zehhovisi ezikhuphuka phakathi kweKigali . Abantwana besikole babehleka futhi beqa phakathi kwamasango eSikhungo lapho beya ekhaya ukudla kwasemini - ubufakazi bokuthi naphezu kokushaqeka okungenakucabangela kokubulawa kohlanga okwenzeka eminyakeni emibili embalwa edlule, uRwanda seliqale ukuphulukisa. Namuhla, uhulumeni ubhekwa njengomuntu ozinzile kakhulu e-Afrika, futhi izitaladi eziye zagijima ezibomvu ngegazi ziphakathi kwezindawo eziphephile kakhulu kuleli zwekazi.
Isikhungo singaba isikhumbuzo sokujula lapho umuntu angase ahlele khona futhi kalula lapho umhlaba wonke ungayiphazamisa khona lokho engathandi ukukubona. Kodwa-ke, libuye libe yisitatimende ngesibindi salabo abasinda ukuze benze iRwanda izwe elihle namhlanje. Ngezemfundo nozwela, lunikeza ikusasa elikhanyayo nethemba lokuthi izinyathelo ezinjengalezi ngeke zivunyelwe ukuthi zenzeke futhi.
Lesi sihloko sibuyekezwe futhi sibhalwe phansi ngokuyingxenye nguJessica Macdonald ngoDisemba 12, 2016.