Uma uhlela ukuhamba eNingizimu Melika, kufanele uqaphele inani lokuzamazama komhlaba okushayisana kulo lonke izwekazikazi ngonyaka. Nakuba abanye abantu bebheka ukuzamazama komhlaba njengemicimbi ethile, kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba okungaphezu kwesigidi minyaka yonke-nakuba iningi lalezi zincane kakhulu lihlala lingapheli. Noma kunjalo, abanye bahlala emaminithini afana namahora futhi bangabangela ushintsho olukhulu emazweni angaphandle kanti ezinye ziyimicimbi emikhulu eyingozi ebangela ukubhujiswa okukhulu nokulahlekelwa kwempilo.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu okwenzeka eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi ekugcineni kwe "Ring of Fire," kungabangela ama-tsunami awela emigodini yaseChilean nasePeruvia futhi asakaze lonke elasePacific Ocean afike eHawaii, ePhilippines naseJapan ngamagagasi amakhulu ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-100 phezulu.
Lapho ukubhujiswa okukhulu kubangelwa amandla emvelo emhlabeni, kunzima ukucabanga nokumukela umonakalo nokubhujiswa. Ukusinda esisodwa kusenza sizibuze ukuthi singasinda kanjani enye, kodwa nokho, akukho ukuphela kokuzamazama komhlaba. Ochwepheshe basikisela ukwenza amalungiselelo akho okuzamazama komhlaba. Kungase kungabi khona isixwayiso esandulele, kepha uma ulungiselele, ungase uhlangabezane nakho okulula kunabanye.
Okubangela Ukuzamazama Komhlaba eNingizimu Melika
Kunezifunda ezimbili ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke wokuzamazama komhlaba noma umsebenzi we- terremoto . Enye i-Alpide ibhande ehamba ngeYurophu ne-Asia, kanti enye iyona ibhande lase-Pacific elizungeza iPacific Ocean, elibhekise emazweni aseNtshonalanga yeMelika naseNingizimu Melika, eJapane nasePhilippines futhi ihlanganisa iKing of Fire kanye Amaphethelo aseNyakatho yePacific.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kulezi zibhande kwenzeka lapho amapuleti amabili e-tectonic, ephansi komhlaba, egaxa, ehlukanisa, noma edlulela phambili, okungenzeka kancane kancane, noma ngokushesha. Umphumela walo msebenzi osheshayo ukukhululwa okungazelelwe kokukhululeka okukhulu kwamandla okuguqula ukujikeleza kwegagasi.
Lawa maza agxuma emhlabathini, edala ukunyakaza komhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, izintaba zikhuphuka, umhlabathi uyawa noma uvule, futhi izakhiwo eziseduze nale misebenzi zingakwazi ukuwa, amabhuloho angakhona, futhi abantu bangafa.
ENingizimu Melika, ingxenye yebhande le-circum-Pacific ihlanganisa amapuleti aseNazca naseNingizimu Melika. Ukuphakama okungaba ngamasentimitha amathathu kwenzeka phakathi kwalawa macwecwe ngonyaka. Lesi sinyathelo siwumphumela wezinto ezintathu ezihlukene, kodwa ezihlobene. Cishe i-1.4 amasentimitha e-Nazca ipuleti ihamba kahle ngaphansi kweNingizimu Melika, edala ukucindezeleka okujulile okuholela ekuqhumeni kwezintaba-mlilo; elinye i-1.3 amasentimitha livalelwe emngceleni weplate, kucindezela eNingizimu Melika, futhi likhishwe njalo eminyakeni engamakhulu noma ngaphezulu ekuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu; futhi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yamamitha angu-intshi eNingizimu Melika ngokungunaphakade, ukwakha i-Andes.
Uma ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka eduze noma ngaphansi kwamanzi, ukunyakaza kubangelwa isenzo sokusakazwa esibizwa ngokuthi i-tsunami, eveza amagagasi amakhulu okusheshayo futhi ayingozi angakhonsa futhi ahlasele izinyawo ezinyaweni ezinqabeni.
Ukuqonda Isilinganiso Sokuzamazama Komhlaba
Eminyakeni yamuva, ososayensi bathole ukuqonda kangcono ukuzamazama komhlaba ngokuzifunda nge-satellite, kepha i-Richter Magnitude Scale ehlonishwa isikhathi esabambe iqhaza ngokuqonda indlela enkulu ngayinye yalezi zinto zesimo semvelo.
I-Richter Magnitude Scale yinombolo esetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ubukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba okunikeza ukuzamazama komhlaba ngalunye ubukhulu-noma isilinganiso esiphezulu seismograph yamandla wamagagasi ashukumisayo asuka ekugxilweni.
Inombolo ngayinye e-Richter Magnitude Scale ibonisa ukuzamazama komhlaba okuyizinkathi ezingamashumi amathathu nanye ezinamandla njengenombolo ephelele ngaphambili kodwa engasetshenziselwa ukuhlola umonakalo, kodwa ubukhulu nobukhulu. Isilinganiso sibuyekezwe ukuze kungabe kusasekho umkhawulo ophakeme. Muva nje, esinye isilinganiso esibizwa ngokuthi iMamente Magnitude Scale senzelwe ukutadisha okunembile kokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu.
Umlando Wokuzamazama Komhlaba Omkhulu eNingizimu Melika
Ngokusho kwe-United States Geological Survey (USGS), phakathi kokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kunawo wonke kusukela ngo-1900, eziningana zenzeka eNingizimu Melika ngenani elikhulu kunazo zonke, inani elilinganiselwa ku-9.5, izingxenye ezibhubhisa zaseChile ngo-1960.
Okunye ukuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka ogwini lase-Ecuador, eduze kwase-Esmeraldas ngoJanuwari 31, 1906, ngobukhulu be-8.8. Lokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kwakhiqiza i-tsunami yendawo e-5-m eyabulala izindlu ezingu-49, yabulala abantu abangu-500 eColombia, futhi yabhalwa eSan Diego naseSan Francisco, futhi ngo-Agasti 17, 1906, ukuzamazama okungu-8.2 eChile konke kwabhubhisa uValparaiso.
Ukwengeza, ezinye izithazamazama eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa:
- Ukuzamazama komhlaba ePeru ngo-May 31, 1970, okwenzeke ku-7.9 kwabulala abangu-66 000 futhi kwaholela ekulimaleni kwemali engu-530 000, kwabhubhisa umuzi waseRamrahirca.
- NgoJulayi 31, 1970, ukuzamazama komhlaba okungamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye ku-Colombia.
- Ngo-June 9, 1994, iBolivia yahlushwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-8.2.
- NgoJanuwari 25, 1999, ukuzamazama kuka-6.2 ku-Colombia.
- I-Peru Coast Coast yahlatshwa ukuzamazama kwamanzi angu-7.5 ngoJuni 23, 2001.
- NgoNovemba 15, 2004, ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-7.2 kwaqhuma ogwini olusentshonalanga yeColombia, ngaseChocó.
- Ngo-Agasti 15, 2007, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwaba ngu-8.0 eSan Vicente de Cañete, eLima, ePeru.
- NgoSeptemba 16, 2015, ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-8.3 kwatholwa i-Illapel, eChile.
- Ngo-Ephreli 15, 2016, ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-7.8 kwashaya ogwini lwase-Ecuador ngaseMisne ngokubhujiswa kwaze kwaba seGuayaquil.
Lokhu akukhona ukuzamazama komhlaba kuphela okulotshwe eNingizimu Melika. Labo abasezikhathini zangaphambi kweColombia akuzona ezincwadini zomlando, kodwa labo abalandela ukuhamba kukaChristopher Columbus baqashelwa, kusukela ekuzamazama komhlaba kuka-1530 eVenezuela. Ukuze uthole imininingwane yalezi ezinye zokuzamazama komhlaba phakathi kuka-1530 no-1882, sicela ufunde Amadolobha aseMelika aseMonakalo, ashicilelwe ekuqaleni ngo-1906.