Iziqalo Zedolobha Nemicimbi Ebalulekile
I-Paris ibilokhu idolobha elikhulu futhi liyisikhungo sokusebenza kwengqondo nokubuciko amakhulu eminyaka. Izimpande zomuzi zifinyelela ekhulwini lesithathu BC, futhi amathonya amasiko anjengeCeltic, iRoma, iScandinavia, nesiNgisi ahlanganiswa nefa elicebile lomuzi. Umlando ode kakhulu futhi oyinkimbinkimbi ukufingqa kalula, kodwa nansi i-akhawunti emfushane yemicimbi ebalulekile namaqiniso.
Izinsuku ezibalulekile eParis Umlando:
- Ikhulu leminyaka lesi-3 BC: Indawo ezungeze i -Ile Ile de la Cité kanye namabhantshi athile oMfula iSeine ixazululwe isizwe sabase-Celtic abadobi, iParis . Ukuhlala kuthiwa yiLutetia .
- 52 BC: UMbuso WaseRoma ngaphansi kukaJulius Caesar uthatha umuzi, oba yingxenye yensimu yamaRoma ebizwa ngokuthi iGaul.
- Cishe ngo-250 AD: ULutetia ungumKristu. Amasonto okuqala akhiwe.
- Amakhulu ama-4th-9th: Ukuhlasela kukaFrankish noNorman. Clovis I umemezela umbuso waseGaul futhi ubizwa ngokuthi uLutetia Paris.
- 1163: Ukwakhiwa kweChristian Cathedral kuqala. Kungathatha cishe amakhulu amabili namakhulu abasebenzi bezisebenzi ukuqedela lobu buciko obuhle bokuzakheka kwe-gothic.
- Ikhulu le-12 le-13: Ezinye izikhumbuzo ezibalulekile nezindawo zakhiwa, kuhlanganise nesikhungo esikhulu samasonto eS Sorbonne naseSainte-Chapelle . Ixhaphozi ( iMarais ) ebhange elingakwesokudla le-Seine ludliwe futhi idolobha liyanda enyakatho yeSeine. Cishe ngo-1200, ukwakha inqaba ehlanganisa uLouvre iqala, ezungeze idolobha eliphakathi.
- Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-14 leminyaka: Cishe ingxenye yesigamu seParis ibhujiswa yizinhlupho, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Black Death, ishayela eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lesi sifo sasizoholela ekuntulekeni kwabasebenzi okuzuzisa abahlali, kanye nokwakheka kwesigaba samabhuntshi, noma i-mercantile ekilasini.
- 1449: UJoan waseArc kanye namaFulentshi ahlula isiNgisi e-Orléans, ephela cishe iminyaka eyishumi yokulawula i-Norman English phezu kweFrance. AmaNgisi ekugcineni aqhutshwa eFrance ngo-1453.
- Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15 leminyaka: I-Renaissance (ngokwezwi nezwi, "ukuzalwa kabusha") iqala eParis, iguqule idolobha libe isikhungo esithuthukisayo sobuciko, isayensi, nezakhiwo. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iholela ekutheni i-city sprawl.
- Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi le-16: Izingxabano zenkolo ezishaya igazi phakathi kwamaProthestani namaKatolika ziholela ekubulaweni koSuku lweSt. Bartholomew. Ama-Huguenots angama-3000 angamaProthestani abhubha ekubulaweni kwabantu.
- 1643: Lapho eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, uLouis XIV, owaziwa nangokuthi uSing King, uba inkosi yaseFrance. Ukubusa kwakhe kubonisa inkathi yokuchuma okukhulu-kungabhekiseki ukuthi i-decadence. INkosi ikwakha iVersailles ngo-1623, ihamba phakathi kwamandla ePalais Royal enkabeni eParis eya emaphandleni.
- 1774: ULouis XVI ukhuphukela esihlalweni sobukhosi. Eyaziwa ngokungahambi kahle kwezombangazwe nezenhlalakahle kanye nokulungiswa kwakhe okunamandla nangama-clocks namawashi, ushada noMarius Antoinette, indodakazi yentsha yombusi omkhulu wase-Austria uMaria Theresa.
- Ngo-July 14, 1789: Ijele laseBastille eParis linyuka futhi lashiswa yinqabunga, libonisa ukuqala kobuFulentshi beFrance. ULouis XVI noMarius Antoinette basolwa kakhulu ngokuhlukumezeka okukhulu nokungakhathaleli ukuhlupheka kwabantu.
- 1792: Ukuwa kobukhosi kanye nokumemezela kwe-republic yokuqala yaseFrance. Ngo-1793, uLouis XVI noMarius Antoinette baqondiswa.
- 1793-1799: I-Revolutionary "ukubusa kwamaphekula" kuholela ezinkulungwaneni zokubulawa kanye nokushayisana okuvamile, kanti iParis iyisisekelo sayo. Inkolo ivaliwe futhi ikhalenda entsha isungulwa.
- 1799: U-Napoleon Bonaparte, oyisikhulu esiphezulu esiphezulu, uqinisa uhulumeni ongavumelekile. Uba ngu-Emperor ngo-1804. U-Emperorship wakhe ubeka i-hiatus emzabalazweni weFrance eRiphabhuliki-lokhu kufanekiselwa ukuhamba kukaNapoleon esihlalweni sobukhosi samandla e-Versailles. Ukunambitheka kwamandla ka-Emperor nokunqoba kuholele ekoloni ye-swathes enkulu eNyakatho Afrika. Unqotshwa eManziloo ngo-1815.
- Ekhulwini le-19 leminyaka: I-Paris ehlala isabonakala namuhla iyakhiwa nguBaron Haussmann, ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukaMbusi Napoleon III. I-boulevards e-Wide kanye nesistimu yesikhwama sokungcola inqamule iningi lemigwaqo encane, encane neyase-Renaissance-era yedolobha.
- 1870: Ukulandela impi eyinhlekelele namaPrussia, iRiphabhlikhi yesithathu imenyezelwe, imaka ukuqala kwezikhungo zentando yeningi eFrance. I-Belle Epoque ivula, esinye isikhathi esibuciko sobuciko nobuciko emlandweni waseParis. Isakhiwo se-Art nouveau kanye nokunyakaza kobuciko okufana ne-impressionism kuthatha umhlaba ngesiphepho.
- Ama-1920 no-1930: I- Paris ingenye yama-hotbeds ebaluleke kunawo wonke ekuhlolweni kwezobuciko kanye nezincwadi. USalvador Dali, uPablo Picasso, kanye ne "Lost Generation" yabalobi abakhuluma isiNgisi njengo-Ernest Hemingway, uJames Joyce, uJames Baldwin, uGertrude Stein no-Ezra Pound benza iParis ikhaya labo.
- 1940: IJalimane yamaNazi ihlasela eParis futhi ihamba nge- Champs-Elysées . Umsebenti weminyaka emine uqala. Ngokuvamile uCharles de Gaulle ubalekela eLondon futhi uhola ukunyakaza okuvela emaphandleni, ukuthumela imilayezo kumelana nomsakazo waseBrithani.
- 1942: Uhulumeni waseParis osebenza ngokubambisana usiza ukuhlela ukuthunjwa okukhulu kwamaJuda aseFrance emakamu okuhlushwa amaNazi, kuqala ukuwahlanganisa eVelodrome d'Hiver eduze kwase- Eiffel Tower .
- 1944: I- Paris ikhululiwe ngamabutho ase-Allied. Idolobha libalekela ekubhujisweni amaNazi lapho isikhulu senqaba ukulalela imiyalo kaHitler.