Umlando Omfushane wePearl Harbor ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II

Iziqalo ZePearl Harbour

Kwakungabantu baseHawaii bomdabu owaqala ukubiza iPlearl Harbour, "Wai Momi," okusho ukuthi "Amanzi asePearl". Kwakuthiwa nangokuthi "iPu'uloa". I-Pearl Harbour yayiyindodakazikazikazi ka-shark uKa'ahupahau nomfowabo (noma indodana) uKa'uka. Kuthiwa onkulunkulu babehlala emhumeni emnyango wePearl Harbor futhi balondoloze amanzi ngokumelene no-sharks odla abantu.

I-Ka'ahupahau kuthiwa izalwe ngumzali wesintu kodwa yashintsha yaba yi-shark.

Laba bonkulunkulu babenobungane kumuntu futhi kuthiwa abantu base-Ewa ababebavikela babezogcina iminyango yabo ihlanzekile. Abadala basekelwe eKa'ahupahau ukuvikela amachibi amaningi okudoba amachweba abavela emathunjini.

Ichweba laligcwele ama-oysters we-pearl-producing kuze kube sekupheleni kwawo-1800. Ezinsukwini zakuqala emva kokufika kukaKaputeni James Cook, iPearl Harbor yayingabhekwa njengesikebhe esifanele ngenxa ye-bar coral evimbela ukungena kweMikhumbi.

I-United States Ithola Amalungelo Ayingqayizivele e-Pearl Harbor

Njengengxenye yeSivumelwano Sokubuyisana phakathi kwe-United States of America noMbuso waseHawaii we-1875 njengoKweseka iSivumelwano ngoDisemba 6, 1884 futhi wamukelwa ngo-1887, i-United States ithole amalungelo okukhethekile ePearl Harbor njengengxenye yesivumelwane sokuvumela ushukela waseHawaii ukungena emsebenzini wase-United States mahhala.

Impi yaseSpain yaseMelika (1898) kanye nesidingo sokuba i-United States ibe nokuhlala unomphela ePacific bobabili bafaka isandla esinqumweni sokunamathela eHawaii.

Ngemva kokuxhaswa, umsebenzi waqala ukukhipha isiteshi nokuthuthukisa ichweba ukusetshenziswa kwemikhumbi emikhulu yama-navy. ICongress yagunyaza ukwakha isikebhe samanzi ePearl Harbor ngo-1908. Ngo-1914 ezinye izisekelo zezindlu ze-US Marines kanye nezisebenzi zase-Army zakhiwa endaweni yasePearl Harbor.

Ama-Schofield Barracks, okwakhiwa ngo-1909 ukuya ezakhiweni zamabutho, amahhashi namagumbi okuhamba ngezinyawo waba yiSonto elikhulu kunazo zonke.

I-Pearl Harbour Yandisa Ngo-1919 - 1941

Umsebenzi wokwandisa ePearl Harbour kwakungekho, kodwa, ngaphandle kokuphikisana. Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-1909 esiteshini sokuqala esomile, abaningi baseHawaii bomdabu babethukuthele.

Ngokomlando unkulunkulu washaka wayehlala emaphandleni e-coral ngaphansi kwesayithi. Kwaqalwa ukwakhiwa kwezitokisi ezomile ezakhiweni zokuthi "ukuphazanyiswa komzwelo" kodwa abantu baseHawaii bomdabu babenesiqiniseko sokuthi kwakungunkulunkulu oshaka othukuthele. Abanjiniyela bahlela uhlelo olusha futhi i-kahuna yabizwa ukuba idonsa unkulunkulu. Ekugcineni, ngemva kwezinkinga zokwakhiwa kweminyaka, idokodo elomile lavulwa ngo-Agasti ka-1919.

Ngo-1917 i-Ford Island phakathi kwePearl Harbour yathengwa ukuze kusetshenziswe i-Army kanye neNavy ukusetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni kwezindiza zempi. Emashumini amabili alandelayo, njengoba ukuhlala kweJapane emhlabeni njengezimboni ezinkulu nezimboni zaqala ukukhula, i-United States yaqala ukugcina imikhumbi yayo ePearl Harbor.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholakala koMbutho wezoMpi nakho kwanda. Njengoba i-navy ithatha ukulawula ngokugcwele i-Ford Island, i-Army yayidinga isisekelo esisha se-Air Corp esiteshini sasePacific, ngakho ukwakhiwa kweHickam Field kwaqala ngo-1935 ngezindleko ezingaphezu kuka-R15 million.

IPHEPHA ELILANDELAYO - I-Pacific Fleet Eyasungulwa ePearl Harbor

Lapho impi eYurophu iqala ukuthukuthela nokuhlukunyezwa phakathi kweJapane ne-United States yaqhubeka yanda, kwenziwa isinqumo sokubamba izivivinyo zama-1940 ze-Navy endaweni yaseHawaii. Ukulandela lezo zivivinyo, le mikhumbi yahlala ePearl. NgoFebhuwari 1, 1941 i-United States Fleet yahlelwa kabusha ibe yi-Atlantic ne-Pacific Fleets ehlukene.

I-Pacific Fleet esanda kusungulwa yayisekelwe ngokugcwele ePearl Harbor.

Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwenziwa esiteshini futhi phakathi no-1941, yonke imikhumbi yayikwazi ukufakwa emanzini okuvikela asePearl Harbor, iqiniso elingalutholanga umyalo wezempi waseJapane.

Isinqumo sokusekela i-Pacific Fleet entsha ePearl, saguqula ubuso bukaHawaii phakade. Bobabili abasebenzi basezombusazwe nabasemakhaya babanda kakhulu. Izinhlelo ezintsha zokuvikela zisho imisebenzi emisha kanti abasebenzi abayizinkulungwane bathuthele endaweni ye-Honolulu kusukela enyakatho. Imindeni yezempi yaba yisiqhema esikhulu emasiko ase-Hawaii asevele ahlukahlukene.

Izwe Elihluke Kakhulu Namuhla

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 kusukela ukuhlasela kweJapan ePearl Harbor, eHawaii kwaphawula ukungena kwe-United States eMpini Yezwe II. Okuningi kuye kwashintsha emhlabeni kusukela ngoDisemba 7, 1941. Izwe liye labona ezinye izimpi eziningana - eKorea, Vietnam naseDesert Storm. Ubuso bonke bomhlaba, njengoba sazi ngo-1941, buye bashintsha.

ISoviet Union ayisekho. I-China ikhule ibe yisimo sombuso wezwe njengoba ilanga selibekwe eMbusweni WaseBrithani.

IHawaii isibe yisimo sama-50 futhi abantu baseJapane bevela emazweni asempumalanga bahlala ndawonye ngokuthula. Ubukhulu bezomnotho baseHawaii namuhla buxhomeke ekuvakasheni okuvela eJapane nasezweni laseMelika.

Nokho, kwakungeyona izwe ngoDisemba 7, 1941. Ngokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ePearl Harbor, amaJapane aba yisitha se-United States. Ngemuva kweminyaka engaba ngu-4 yempi, futhi ama-Allies amaningi afile, ama-Allies anqoba futhi eJapane neJalimane basala ekubhujisweni.

Kodwa-ke, iJapane, njengeJalimane, ibuye yaqina ngisho nangaphambili. Namuhla, i-Japan iyisihlobo se-United States kanye nomunye wabalingani bethu abakhulu bokuhwebelana. Naphezu kwezinkinga zezomnotho zamuva, iJapane ihlala inamandla emnothweni futhi ngokuqinisekile yiyo amandla amakhulu emhlabeni wonke esifundeni sasePacific.

Okwenza Sikhumbule

Kodwa-ke, kusekhona umsebenzi wethu wokuziphatha kulabo abafa eMpini Yezwe II, ukukhumbula okwenzeka ngaloloSonto ekuseni cishe eminyakeni engama-60 edlule. Siyakhumbula amasosha we-Allied and Axis amandla, izigidi zabantu abangenacala abangabulali abalahlekelwa ukuphila kwabo nxazonke, kuhlanganise negazi laseHawaii elashona ngenxa yokuthi umhlaba wabo, ngenxa yengozi yemvelo, wawuyisisulu ngenxa yezinhloso zawo indawo ePacific.

Siyakhumbula ukuze sikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke kuphinde futhi futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, hleze sikhohlwe umhlatshelo walabo abafe ukuze siqinisekise inkululeko yethu.

Sikumema ukuba ufunde isiphetho salesi sici "Ukuthi Singazikhohlwa: I-Pearl Harbor - uDisemba 7, 1941" .

Esiphethweni sibheka kancane ezinyangeni ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa. Sibheka ukuthi umlando uvame ukusekelwe kanjani kumbono womuntu wesenzakalo. Sibheka kancane kancane ekuhlaselweni ngokwaso futhi ekugcineni sihlola kokubili imiphumela yaso esheshayo nehlala njalo eHawaii.