Umlando wokuqala we-Sonoma County - Izizwe Zomdabu eziya eBreak Flag Revolt
Izizwe Zomdabu
Sikhuluma okuningi ngezwe lewayini kanye "nokuphila okuhle." Kodwa, izakhamuzi zokuqala zikaSonoma County, abantu bezizwe zasePomo, Miwok nasePappo , kubonakala sengathi yibo ababazi ngempela indlela yokuphila. Iningi lama-akhawunti omlando liwachaza njengemiphakathi enokuthula. Ukusinda kwakungelula kakhulu kuzo zonke izithelo nezinhlanzi eziningi kanye nezilwane zasendle kanye nobusika obumnene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso sikhathi, babengenayo imali yokukhokha imali.
Ngakho, baphela isikhathi esiningi sokukhululeka ukwenza zonke lezozinto abantu abafisa ukuthi bazozenza uma nje benesikhathi esengeziwe samahhala. Bengakwazi ukuxhuma nomndeni wabo nabangane, behlabe futhi badonse, bamukele imimoya yabo, bajabulele imvelo, futhi badale ubuciko.
Isibonelo, amaNdiya asePomo enza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zebhasikidi ngezidingo eziningi. Kodwa, nabo babe nesikhathi sokuthuthukisa amathalenta abo futhi badale amabhasikithi ayengasebenzi kuphela kodwa abe nobuciko futhi abuhle. Eqinisweni, amabhasikidi e-Pomo aphakathi kwezinto ezithandwa kakhulu, uma kungezona ezithandwa kakhulu, emhlabeni. Amanye amaqoqo amakhulu angatholakala ku-Smithsonian naseKremlin. Kukhona futhi okuhle emehlweni kaJesse Peter Museum eSanta Rosa Junior College. Futhi i-Mendocino County Museum e-Willits igcina ezinye amabhasikithi ngu-Elsie Allen. U-Allen wayengumfundisi odumile wasePomo waseNdiya, owayengu-activist no-basket weaver owayehlala eSonoma County ekuqaleni kuka-1900s.
U-Elsie Allen High School eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSanta Rosa ubizwa ngegama lakhe.
I-European First Settlers
Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi uSir Frances Drake, owokuqala wesiNgisi ukuba ahambe emhlabeni jikelele, wafika eBodega Bay eCampbell Cove ngo-1577, phakathi nalolu hambo oludumile. (Cishe eminyakeni engaba ngu-50 ngaphambi kwalokho, uFerdinand Magellan wasePortugal wayengumuntu wokuqala emlandweni owaziwayo ukujikeleza umhlaba.) Kodwa, kuze kube manje, akekho owaziyo ukuthi ufike kuphi, futhi kuyisihloko esinengqondo kakhulu njengoba amadolobha aphezulu futhi ahla ogwini udla umehluko.
Lokho esikwaziyo ukuthi ukuhlala okuhlala njalo eNdoma yeSonoma ngabantu abangewona amazwe akukwakhiwa yiNgisi futhi kwakungakhelwe iSpanishi. Yakhiwa amaRussia.
Amathuluzi amaningi aseRussia aye aye e-Alaska ukubulala ama-otters ngoboya bawo obubalulekile. Njengoba inani labantu be-otter lancipha, abagibeli bahamba phambili eningizimu. Ngo-1812 iqembu labo lafika eBodega Bay futhi laqala ukuhlala enyakatho ukusuka lapho. Baqamba igama elithi "Ross," igama elidala elithi "iRussia." (I-Fort Ross manje isiyi-California State Park.)
AbaseSpain, babengajabuli ngalokhu. Babesuka eMexico behamba ngezindwendwe zaseMexico naseCanstal California bese befuna indawo yeSpain. I-Fort Fort yaseRussia yaziphefumulela ukuba ziphuthume ngaphesheya kweSan Francisco futhi zakha izithunywa ezintsha ezenyakatho futhi zithathe insimu ngaphambi kokuba omunye umuntu athuthele. Futhi uBaba uJoseph Altimira, umpristi osemusha ozimisele ukuzikhandla eMission San Francisco, wayecabanga ukuthi uyindoda yenza lokho.
U-Altimira wakhuphukela enyakatho wahlola izindawo eziningi emigodini yasePetaluma, eSuunun naseNapa. Ekugcineni wakhetha i-Sonoma Valley njengendawo efanelekile yokuhlala. I-Francisco Solano Mission, eyaziwa kangcono njengeSonto Mission, yakhiwe kulokho okwakuyoba idolobha laseSonoma.
Ngaleso sikhathi, iMexico yayivele isimemezele ukuzimela kwayo kusukela eSpain, Futhi ngokushesha nje, uhulumeni waseMexico wanquma ukuqeda uhlelo lwezemishini ngokuphelele. Ngakho umsebenzi eSonoma waba ngowokugcina neyenyakatho eyakhiwe, futhi yedwa eyakhiwe ngaphansi kokubusa kweMexico. Uma ubheka ibalazwe ungabona indlela ithonya laseSpain / laseMexico elahla ngayo lapho kuzungezwa khona umsebenzi wokugcina. Njengoba uya enyakatho uze ufike ogwini lwaseCalifornia, uzobona amadolobha amaningi ngamagama aqala ngeSan naseSanta, eLos naseLas. I-Santa Rosa iyona yokugcina.
Nakuba i-Sonoma Mission yakhiwa ukuvimbela ukoloni ngabanye, ikakhulukazi amaRashiya, amaRussia abonakala engacasuli. Eqinisweni, abantu baseFort Ross ababonanga kuphela ukunikezelwa kwesonto lezithunywa, kodwa beze baletha nezembatho ze-altare, izibani kanye nensimbi.
Umkhankaso wakhula, kodwa ngo-1830 uhulumeni waseMexico wanquma ukuqeda uhlelo lwezemishini. UGri Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo oneminyaka engu-27 ubudala wathunyelwa eSonoma ngo-1835 ukuze abuse umsebenzi weSontooma Mission. Wanikezwa nemiyalo yokuxazulula le ndawo ukuze afake isimangalo saseMexico futhi avimbele amaRussia ukuba aqhubeke phambili.
General Vallejo
U-Vallejo waqala ukusebenza ukuze alungise izwe. Wathatha amahektare angama-66 000 ePetaluma futhi wahlakulela i-ranch lapho. I-Petaluma Adobe manje iyisizinda se-State Historic Park. Njengoba i-Sonoma neSan Rafael Missions yaqedwa, iningi lemfuyo kanye nabasebenzi abaningi baseNdiya babanjwe imifula kaVallejo.Eminye izwe lalingabalandeli abanye, abaningi babo emndenini owodwa owedlule kaVallejo.
Uninazala wakhe, uDona Maria Carrillo, wathatha indawo emgwaqeni waseSanta Rosa futhi wakha uCarrillo Adobe, indlu yokuqala yaseYurophu eSanta Rosa Valley. Isikole samabanga aphezulu uMaria Carrillo, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeSanta Rosa ubizwa ngegama lakhe.
UCaptain John Rogers Cooper washada nodadewabo kaVallejo u-Encarnacion futhi wathatha u-El Molino Rancho obizwa nge-Forestville namuhla. URogers wakha isakhiwo sokuqala samandla lapho kusetshenziswa khona amandla, ngakho-ke igama elithi "Molino" elisho "umshini" eSpanishi. (Isikole esiphakeme e-Forestville sabizwa ngo-El Molino.)
UCaptain Henry Fitche, oshade nomunye odadewabo bakaVallejo, uthole imali yesibonelelo seSotoyome, manje eseHealdsburg. UFitche wachitha isikhathi esiningi eSan Diego, ngakho wathumela uCorles Alexander ukuba athuthukise i-rancho, emthembise amahektare angu-10 000 ngokubuyisela. U-Alexander wathatha izwe manje eliyi-Alexander Valley njengokukhokha kwakhe.
Iningi lomhlaba linikezwe abantu abangaphandle komndeni, futhi.
Futhi uVallejo waphuma waya ekukhohliseni abanye abasolwandle base-Anglo ukuthuthukisa izindawo ezihamba phambili eduze neRussia fort ukuze kugcinwe amaRussia.
Kwaphinda futhi, abaseRussia babonakala bengaphazamiseki nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu. Lezi zinsuku, i-Fort Ross iqondiswa yi-State Parks, futhi ibamba iSuku Lamafa Ezamasiko Yonyaka.
Ngesikhathi sokugubha, i-Fort Ross Interpretive Association yayisetshenziselwa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwelanga ngo-1836. Esikhathini esiphezulu, izikhulu zaseMexico ezivela eSonoma zivela eFort futhi ziyala ukuba amaRussia ahambe. Njengomboniso wamandla, amaRussia abulala izikhali zabo. Bese bamemela abaseMexico ngaphakathi kweqembu.
Kodwa, omakhelwane abanobungane kwakudingeka baphume ngokushesha. Bayibulale abantu base-otter baze baqothule futhi babuyela eRussia. Abaningi bamadoda babuyisa abashadi baseMelika baseMelika nabantwana. (Futhi baphinde babuyisele amabhasikidi e-Pomo, okuchaza ukuthi kungani iKremlin ineqoqo elihle kangaka.)
Uhulumeni waseMexico wayengeke abe nesikhathi esanele sokuvumela ukukhululeka okukhulu okwenziwa yiRussia ngaphambi kokuba usongo olusha lufike ogwini lwaseNyakatho California: Amaphayona aseMelika.
I-Bear Flag Revolt
Abahlali baseMelika, abaphefumulelwe izindaba zepharadesi ezweni laseCalifornia, bawela phezu kweSierras naseSonoma. I- Donner Party eyingqayizivele yayiyiqembu elilodwa lamaphayona. Amantombazane amabili amantombazane ashiywe yizintandane ngalolu daba oluyingozi, wagcina esehlala nomndeni eSonoma. Omunye wamantombazane, u-Eliza Donner ekugcineni wabhala "Ukuhambela kweqembu le-Donner nenhlekelele yalo elibi," elifakwe encwadini ethi California As I Saw It: Imibhalo Yokuqala Yomuntu Wezincwadi Zokuqala ZaseCalifornia, 1849-1900 (Umbhalo ogcwele ye-akhawunti yakhe ingatholakala lapha.Njengoba izixazululo eziningi futhi zithengiswa kule ndawo, ukuhlukunyezwa kwakhula phakathi kwabasanda kufika naseCaliforos abazwa ukuthi izwe labo lidlulile. U-Vallejo wabhala: "Ukufuduka kwamanye amazwe eNorth America kuya eCalifornia namhlanje kwakha umgwaqo ongenamkhawulo wezinqola ... kuyesabeka."
Kwakukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi iMexico izodedela abaseMelika. Futhi ehlobo lika-1846, nenye inhlebe yashaya indawo uMexico ayeyalile amaMelika eCalifornia. Ngalesi sikhathi, iqembu le-ragtag labahlali lagibela eSanoma ukuze libhekane noGeneral Vallejo.
Bazungeza ikhaya lakhe laseSonoma futhi induna yeqembu elingenakuqhathaniswa, uHezekiya Merritt, wangena ngaphakathi ukuze akhulume noGenerali. Ngemva kwamahora amaningana, uMerritt akazange aphume. Ngakho, enye indoda evela eqenjini yangena ukuyophenya. Akazange aphume noma. Ekugcineni, indoda okuthiwa nguWilliam Ide yangena ukuze ibone ukuthi kwenzekani. Kamuva wabhala: "Kwahlala uMerrit - ikhanda lakhe lawa ... futhi kwahlala khona uKaputeni omusha owayeyisimungulu njengoba isihlalo esihlala kuso.
Ibhodlela lalisondelene nabanqobi. "Kubonakala sengathi uGeneral Vallejo, ohlala ephethe kahle, wayenomusa ngokwanele ukunikeza abanye abantu abazithumba.
Izivakashi zazingekho njengesihambi. Bonke abanye bathunjwa uVallejo kanye namalungu amaningana omndeni wakhe babayisa eSigramento, lapho bahlala khona ejele iminyaka eminingi.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iqembu lamaphayona lamemezela i-republic entsha. Futhi badala ifulege ngamagama athi "California Republic" nesithombe sebheja le-grizzly. Abanye ababukeli bathi bebukeka njengengulube. Kubonakala sengathi i-Bear Flag yenziwa ngumshana kaMary Todd Lincoln, umkaMongameli uLincoln.
Umphayona uJohn Bidwell, owakhulume ngezenzakalo eziningi ezungeze "Bear Flag Revolt," wabhala:
"Phakathi kwabesilisa ababesele babambe uSonoma kwaba nguWilliam B. Ide, owayecabanga ukuthi uphethe ... Omunye umuntu oshiya eSonoma nguWilliam L. Todd owadweba, ngodonga lwekotoni elibomvu, egcekeni nengxenye noma ngaphezulu ubude, ngopende omdala obomvu noma obomvu okwenzekayo, lokho ayehlose ukuba kube yinto yebheyi ye-grizzly. Lokhu kwaphakanyiswa phezulu kwabasebenzi, izinyawo ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa ukusuka emhlabathini. Abantu baseCalifornia basekhaya babheka phezulu bezwakala ngokuthi 'Coche,' igama elivamile phakathi kwabo ngenxa yengulube noma ukudubula. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu kamuva ngahlangana noT Todd esitimeleni efika eSigramento Valley. Wayengazange ashintshe kakhulu, kodwa wabonakala ephukile kakhulu empilweni. Wangitshela ukuthi uNksz Lincoln wayengumama wakhe, nokuthi wayekhuliswe emndenini ka-Abraham Lincoln. "
Ngezinsuku ezingu-22, ifulegi lebhebhe lafika phezu kweSonoma njengoba abahlali bebika eCalifornia i-republic emele. Kodwa impikiswano yaba yingxenye yempi enkulu eMexico naseMelika. Ekugcineni iMexico yalahlekelwa yimpi futhi yaxoshwa eCalifornia eya e-United States.
Kamuva, imililo eyalandela ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu ngo-1906 yashisa futhi yabhubhisa ifulegi lokuqala lebhebhe. Kodwa, umoya wayo uhlala. I-California yamukela isithombe sebhebhe ngefulegi layo lezwe.
Ingxenye 2 ye-Sonoma County History iza maduze.