"Cajun" nelithi "Creole" yizimpawu ozothola kuyo yonke indawo eNew Orleans naseSouth Louisiana. Emamenyu, ikakhulukazi, kodwa futhi nasezingxoxweni zezakhiwo, umlando, umculo, nokuningi. Kodwa basho ukuthini?
Kuyini "i-Cajun?"
Abantu baseCajun bayinzalo yabahlali baseFrance-baseCanada abaqala ukuhlala eNova Scotia - indawo abayibiza ngokuthi i-Acadie - ngo-1605. Ngemva kweminyaka eyi-150 yokulima nokuthula okuphezu kweBay of Fundy, laba abantu baxoshwa lapho iCanada iwa phansi eBrithani.
Laba bantu - ama-Acadians - abahlakazekile. Abanye bafihle eduze, kaningi phakathi kohlanga lweMicmac, ababebenobungane nabo. Abanye bangena emanzini: abanye ngokuzithandela, abanye bangenawo, futhi bahamba ngomkhumbi. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa yokudlula emhlabeni, bahlangana ndawonye lapho bemenywa ngo-1764 ukuba bahlale eColony yaseSpain ngaleso sikhathi.
Laba bantu, abafunde ukulima nokudoba emaqanda amaCanada abandayo, bahlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi, ezise-bayou-laced eNingizimu naseNtshonalanga yekoloni elincane laseNew Orleans. Bahlanganisa futhi bahlanganisa imiphakathi, futhi eminyakeni edlule yayinezithonya zamasiko ezivela kumakhelwane abo omdabu waseMelika waseMelika, kanye nabanye abahlali baseJalimane, isi-Irish, iSpanishi nesiNgisi, kanye nabantu abavela e-Afrika, bobabili abagqilaziwe nabakhululekile, nabaseFrance- kusuka e-France abantu.
Isiko esathuthuka sasisemaphandleni amakhulu, sihlala ekudoba nasekulimeni ezindaweni ezisogwini ezinogwini, nezinkomo zenkomo ezikhuliswe ezindaweni zasemaphandleni zendawo yokuhlala, ezihlanganisa indawo manje eNingizimu Louisiana, kulondoloze izindawo zokuhlala zaseNew Orleans futhi kamuva Baton Rouge.
Igama elithi "Acadian" morphed ngesiNgisi libe "i-Cajun," futhi lisetshenziswe ikakhulukazi njengegama elihlehlisayo kuze liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde libuyele ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kweCanjun phakathi nekhulu lama-20.
Abantu baseCajun bahamba ngama-francophone ngokomlando (futhi abaningi basakhuluma isiFulentshi namuhla, ulimi oluyingqayizivele kodwa oluqondakala ngokugcwele nesiFulentshi neCanada French) kanye namaKatolika.
I-Cajun cuisine i-rustic, ixhomeke kakhulu ekudleni okwenziwe ngophethi futhi okuphekwe kanye nezitsha zokudla zasolwandle futhi ehlongozwa ngokucebile kodwa hhayi ngokweqile ngokwemifino, ngezindinganiso zezinye izindawo zaseCaribbean nama-subtropical cuisines. Ilayisi yi-starch ejwayelekile, kodwa amazambane asetshenziswe naseCajun futhi asetshenziselwa izitsha zendabuko. Umculo we-Cajun uye washintsha ngokufanayo kumculo wendabuko wase-Acadian, wanezela ama-accordions emisindweni yendabuko ye-fiddle kanye nokubuya okulindelekile okuvela emithonjeni yase-Afrika naseNative American.
Kuyafaneleka ukuphinda uqinisekise ukuthi insimu yendabuko yenkohlakalo yaseCanjun ayikho eNew Orleans, kodwa kunendawo yasemaphandleni yaseNingizimu Louisiana. Ngokuqinisekile abantu abaningi baseCanjun bahlala eNew Orleans manje, kodwa akusiyona indawo ye-Cajun culture noma yikuphi okulula, kanti izindawo zokudlela zeCanjun nabaculi zikhuluma ngokungenisa emzini, hhayi ingxenye yendabuko yendwangu yomuzi .
Yini IsiCreole?
"IsiCreole," njengegama, liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kune "Cajun," ngoba inezincazelo eziningi. Iningi lezincazelo eziningi, empeleni.
Incazelo elula futhi emfishane (kodwa mhlawumbe engadingeki) ye-"Creole" "izalwa emakoloni." Emithonjeni yamandulo kusukela e-Louisiana colony, uzobona izinkomba kumahhashi aseCreole (acatshangelwa ukuthi anamandla ngoba azalwa futhi akhuliswa ukushisa eLouisa), isibonelo.
Utamatisi wesiCreole wenziwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1900 njengezinto ezihlukahlukene ezikhula kahle e-Louisiana ukushisa.
Kodwa isiCreole sasibhekisela kubantu baseYurophu abazalwa emakoloni aseFrance naseSpain, futhi kamuva babevame ukukhomba abantu baseMelika baseMelika nabaseMelika. Kuleli phuzu, zombili lezi zincazelo ziseqiniso. Uzozwa izingcaphuno ezibhekiswe ku "Creoles ezimhlophe" noma "imindeni yaseCreole endala ," ekhombisa inzalo eqondile yabahlali bokuqala baseFrance edolobheni. Uma ukudla kuthiwa yiCreole, ngokuvamile kuvame ukudla okudabukisayo kwalomphakathi ocebile, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu kudla ngokuvamile kwakhiwa ngabesifazane abagqila basebenza emakhishini abo, ngakho-ke kunethonya eliningi (cabanga ama-sauces amaFrance aseAfrika kanye nezithako zeNew World, njenge-okra ne-filé).
IsiCreole futhi yisikhathi sokuhlonza abantu abanombala wezinhlobo ezixubene zaseAfrika naseYurophu, futhi ikakhulukazi emindenini eye eLouanda kusukela ezinsukwini zamakholoni. Izincwadi zonke ziye zabhalwa mayelana nokubunzima kobudlelwane bomncintiswano eNew Orleans, eziye zaba nzima futhi ezingenakunakwenzeka kulo lonke umlando wekoloni kodwa kunelungelo lokusho ukuthi abantu abazibiza njengeCreoles banalo ubunikazi obuhlukile kunabantu ukuzikhomba njengomnyama. (Futhi ukudidliza izinto, abantu abaningi bazi ukuthi bobabili, futhi ngokuqinisekile abangaphandle abanalo indlela yangempela yokwazi umehluko, lobunzima bokugcina luyisici esiyinhloko esimweni esidumile se-Plessy no-Ferguson.) Impendulo emfushane: uma ukhona hhayi kusuka lapha, kungenzeka ungalokothi uqonde. Futhi lokho kulungile.
Ukucindezela izinto ngokuqhubekayo, abantu abaningi bombala eCanjun izifunda zaseLouisana (okungukuthi, iningi laseSouth Louisiana ngaphandle kweNew Orleans neBaton Rouge, kodwa ikakhulukazi eduze noLafayette neLake Charles) abazibiza njengeCreole, noma ngabe banomzali ophansi kakhulu waseYurophu. I-Creole eCajun Country isho ukuthi "i-francophone yase-Afrika-American." Yilawa maCreoles asezindaweni zasemakhaya adala umculo we-zydeco futhi owaziwayo ngesiko le-cowboy cowboy, okubandakanya ukugibela emigwaqweni kanye namagilabhisi e-cowboy asekhona nanamuhla. Ukudla kwamaCreole kufana nokudla kweCanjun kodwa kuvele kube yinto encane (nakuba konke okukulesi sihloko, kunezinhlobonhlobo zabapheki ezivela zombili izitayela ezizophula umthetho).
Ukuze kudideke izinto ngokuqhubekayo, abaningi balaba bantu baseNorole abamnyama basezindaweni zasemaphandleni baye bahlala ndawonye, kodwa ikakhulukazi emadolobheni aseLafayette, eLake Charles, eBaumont naseHouston, lapho i-zydeco iphayona uClarfton Chenier ehlala khona lapho enza amarekhodi unikeze igama lalo hlobo. Kodwa ungaphutheli leso siko ku-Creoles of Color esivezwe ngenhla kusuka eNew Orleans - yizinhlamvu ezijwayelekile zomuthi owodwa womndeni. Izinhlobo zangaphambili ezingafani ezivumelanisiwe ukudala i-zydeco, kanti lesi samuva senza okufanayo kepha siphume nge-jazz. Namanje udidekile? Kuhle. Akulula.
Ulungele ukugcina ukudideka kokugcina? Ngenxa yokuthi i-Louisiana yayingumlando wamaFrench, yakhanga inani elingenakubalwa labahlali baseFrance kuze kufike nanamuhla. Abanye abantu baseFrance base-Louisiana bavela kulezi zifiki zakamuva (okusho ukuthi abangekho colonial-era) futhi azicabangi nge-Cajun noma isiCreole, kodwa nje ngesiFulentshi, noma, ekukhulumeni kwendawo, isiFulentshi-isiFulentshi.
Impendulo emfushane
Uma useNew Orleans, isiCreole sisho amahle futhi i-Cajun lisho i-rustic. Uma use-Acadiana (izwe laseCanjun), isiCreole sisho abamnyama neCajun kusho umhlophe. Lokhu kudlula kakhulu izinto ngokumangalisayo kepha kunikeza uhlaka oluqinile lwezobunjwa lokuqonda le mibono. Noma ngabe yikuphi, uma useNingizimu South Louisiana futhi uzwa nge-Cajun noma Creole yokudlela ehle kakhulu, cishe uphephile ngokucabanga ukuthi ukudla kuzoba okumnandi.