Imibuzo Ebuzwa Ngokuphindaphindiwe Ngokuphathelene nokuLobbying
Indima kanye nomthelela we-lobbyist akuqondakali kahle. Iziphi izimboni ezichitha kakhulu ekubambezeni? Ngabe umuntu uba kanjani lobby lobbyist? Funda le mibuzo evame ukubuzwa futhi ufunde konke ngabo.
Iyini i-lobbyist?
I-lobbyist i-activist efuna ukunxusa amalungu kahulumeni (njengamalungu e-Congress) ukwenza umthetho ozozuzisa iqembu labo. Umsebenzi wokubamba iqhaza uyingxenye esemthethweni nenenjongo yenqubo yethu yezombusazwe yentando yeningi engaqondakali kahle abantu abaningi.
Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ngama-lobbyists kuphela njengabachwepheshe abakhokhelwayo, kunezivakashi eziningi zokuzithandela. Noma ubani ocela uhulumeni noma oxhumana nelungu lakhe leCongress ukuveza umbono usebenza njenge-lobbyist. Ukubamba iqhaza kungumkhakha olawulwayo kanye nomsebenzi ovikelwe ngaphansi koMthethosisekelo Wokuqala we-US Constitution obunikeza amalungelo okukhululeka inkulumo, inhlangano kanye nokucela.
Ukubamba iqhaza kuhilela okungaphezu kokukholisa izishayamthetho. Ucwaningo lwama-lobbyists oluhlaziya futhi luhlaziye umthetho noma iziphakamiso zokulawula, ukuya emihlanganweni yokubamba iqhaza, nokufundisa izikhulu zikahulumeni kanye nezikhulu zenkampani ezindabeni ezibalulekile. Ama-lobby aphinde asebenze ukushintsha umbono womphakathi ngokusebenzisa imikhankaso yokukhangisa noma ngokuthonya 'abaholi benkolelo'.
Ubani abakwa lobbyists abasebenza?
Ama-lobby abamele cishe zonke izikhungo zaseMelika kanye nezinhlangano zokubambisana - izinyunyane zabasebenzi, izinkampani, amakholeji namayunivesithi, amasonto, izinsizakalo, izinhlangano zemvelo, izinhlangano zezakhamuzi eziphakeme, ngisho nohulumeni, basekhaya noma bangaphandle.
Iziphi izimboni ezichitha kakhulu ekubambezeni?
Ngokusho kwe-OpenSecrets.org, idatha elandelayo ibhalwe yi-Ofisi yeSenate yamaRekhodi kaHulumeni. Izimboni eziphezulu ezingu-10 zango-2016 ziyi:
Imithi / Imikhiqizo Yezempilo - $ 63,168,503
Umshwalense - $ 38,280,437
Izinsiza Zamandla kagesi - $ 33,551,556
Izinhlangano zebhizinisi - $ 32,065,206
Amafutha & Gesi - $ 31,453,590
I-Electronics Mfg & Izinsiza - $ 28,489,437
Izibambiso & Ukutshalwa Kwezimali - $ 25,425,076
Izibhedlela / Izindlu Zokuhlengikaza - $ 23,609,607
Ukuthuthwa Kwomoya - $ 22,459,204
Abasebenzi bezeMpilo - $ 22,175,579
Ngabe umuntu uba kanjani lobby lobbyist? Isiphi isizinda noma ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo?
Ama-lobby avela kuzo zonke izici zokuphila. Iningi labo abaqeqeshwe ekolishi, futhi abaningi banamabanga aphezulu. Ama-lobbyists amaningi aqala imisebenzi yabo eCapitol Hill ehhovisi le-congressal. Ama-lobby kumele abe namakhono okuxhumana aqinile nolwazi lwenqubo yomthetho kanye nomkhakha abawumele. Nakuba kungekho ukuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni ukuba abe yi-lobbyist, uMkhandlu Wezezindaba KaHulumeni KaHulumeni unikeza uhlelo lwesitifiketi se-Lobbying, uhlelo oluqhubekayo lwezemfundo olusiza labo bonke amazinga amakhono ukuthi bathuthukise ulwazi lwabo mayelana nenqubo yomthetho kanye nokuqeqeshwa komsebenzi.
Ama-lobbyists amaningi athola ulwazi ngesikhathi ekholeji ngokuya eKapitol Hill. Bheka umhlahlandlela weWashington, DC Ukuqhutshwa - Ukuya ngaphakathi kweCapitol Hill.
Ingabe i-lobbyist kufanele ibhaliswe?
Kusukela ngo-1995, uMthetho Wokudalulwa KwamaLobbying (LOBbying Disclosure Act) (Lobbying Disclosure Act) (Lobbying Disclosure Act) ucele abantu abakhokhelwa ukuba babambe iqhaza ezingeni likahulumeni ukubhalisa noNobhala weSenate noMbhalane weNdlu. Ukubamba amafemu, ama-lobbyists asebenzayo kanye nezinhlangano eziqashile ama-lobbyists kumele zifake imibiko ejwayelekile yokusebenza kwemisebenzi.
Zingaki i-lobbyists ekhona eWashington, DC?
Kusukela ngo-2016, kunama-lobbyists abhalisiwe abangaba ngu-9 700 emazingeni kahulumeni nakwahulumeni.
Amafemu amaningi amakhulu okubamba iqhaza kanye namaqembu okukhuthaza atholakala ku-K Street eDowntown Washington, DC
Imiphi imikhawulo ekhona ngezipho zabakwa-lobbyists kumalungu eCongress?
Ukuhlinzekwa kwesipho esijwayelekile kubonisa ukuthi iLungu leCongress noma abasebenzi bayo bangasamukeli isipho esivela ku-lobbyist ebhalisiwe noma kunoma iyiphi inhlangano esebenzisa ama-lobbyists. Igama elithi "isipho" lihlanganisa noma yikuphi ukukhululeka, umusa, isaphulelo, ukuzijabulisa, ukwamukela izihambi, ukuboleka imali, noma enye into enenani lemali.
Iphi igama elithi "lobby lobby" elivelaphi?
UMengameli u-Ulysses S. Grant waqamba igama elithi lobbyist ekuqaleni kwawo-1800. U-Grant wayekuthanda i- Willard Hotel lobby eWashington DC futhi abantu beza kuye lapho baxoxisane ngezimbangela ezithile.
Izinsiza Engeziwe Mayelana nokuLobbying
- Vula Izimfihlo - Isikhungo Sombusazwe Esabelayo - Umhlahlandlela ongenamkhawulo wokulandelela ukusetshenziswa kwezimali ezikhethweni zase-US kanye nenqubomgomo yomphakathi, kufaka phakathi imisebenzi yokubamba iqhaza
- Ihhovisi likaMabhalane - Lichaza imininingwane yomthetho wokudalula uLobbying Disclosure Act ka-1995, inqubo yokubhalisa yokubamba iqhaza
- Isikhungo Sokusebenza Kahulumeni - Iprojekthi Ekuqondeni Kahulumeni, i-watchdog ehamba phambili engeyona engezansi, evuselela izinguquko zikaHulumeni ezinhle ukuze kutholakale uhulumeni wesifundazwe osebenza kahle, ophendulayo, ovulekile futhi onokwethenjelwa.
- I-Lobbyingfirms.com - Isikhombandlela somkhakha wokubamba iqhaza