Lezo "Damu" Izindiza zaseHolland America Qhubeka Ngokubiza Amasiko
Emlandweni weminyaka engaphezulu kuka-130 we- Holland America Line , kunamasiko amaningi nemikhuba. Lapho i-ms Nieuw Amsterdam , ms Eurodam , ms Veendam , ms Ryndam, ms Zuiderdam, ms Oosterdam, ms Westerdam, ms Maasdam , ms Noordam, ms ms Konningdam wangena enkambweni yokubiza imikhumbi yomgibeli ngesibambiso se "dam" . Kuhambisana nomfula owaziwayo, intaba, ulwandle, idolobhana noma idolobhana, futhi ukuvame ukuhamba.
"Idamu" lisho into efanayo eDashiya njengoba yenza ngesiNgisi - kungumngcele owela emfuleni noma i-dyke egcina ulwandle luchichima ezweni elifunwa kabusha.
Amagama ase-Holland America athumela futhi amagama avela emlandweni wemlando wemikhumbi, evumela inkampani ukuthi ibhubhe phambili yayo ngokukhula kwayo kwesikhathi esizayo. I-Zuiderdam, i-Oosterdam, i-Westerdam ne-Noordam elandelwa ngokulandelanayo eningizimu, empumalanga, entshonalanga, nasezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zekhampasi azikho okunye.
Izigaba ngezansi zichaza umlando wamagama abo. Imikhumbi eminingana ephethe amagama afanayo yadlala indima ebalulekile phakathi neMpi Yezwe I noma iMpi Yezwe II.
Zuiderdam
Isitsha sokuqala esiqanjweni se "Zuider" saqala ngo-1912 njengoba umkhumbi wezimpahla uZuiderdijk ("dijk" noma "dyk" kwakuyisixhumi esisetshenziselwa imithwalo yempahla; "idamu" lisetshenziselwa imikhumbi yomgibeli). Emathani ayi-5,211, wahamba ngomkhumbi phakathi kweLotterdam no-Savannah, eGeorgia, ngeHolland America ngo-1922, nge-stint emfushane ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I njengezokuthutha.
Ngomnyaka ka-1941, uZuiderdam oneminyaka engu-12,150 wamiswa emkhungweni wemikhumbi e-Rotterdam. Nokho, inyanga kamuva umkhumbi wonakaliswa ngenkathi ibhomu laseBrithani lihlasela futhi lihlaselwa. Lesi sikhwama sakhula futhi kamuva sabekwa amaJalimane ukuvimbela isango laseRotterdam ukuya ku-Allied ukufinyelela. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, i-Zuiderdam yavuswa futhi, kodwa umkhumbi awuzange uqede ukuqedwa.
Oosterdam
Umkhumbi kuphela wokuthwala isiqalo se-"Ooster" kwakuyi-8,251 ithoni, i-Oosterdijk eyodwa. Waqala ukukhonza ngo-1913, futhi wahamba ngomkhumbi esuka eRotterdam waya eSavannah. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe I, umkhumbi wanikela emzamweni we-Allied war.
Westerdam II
Owesibili uWesterdam wagibela uhambo lwezingu-643 zeHolland America Line ngesikhathi kuqhubeka iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-13 nenkampani.
Umkhumbi, owaqala ukukhonza njenge-Home Lines 'Homeric yangaphambili ngo-1986, wabizwa ngokuthi yiWesterdam futhi wangena ngokusemthethweni neHolland America Line ngoNovemba 12, 1988.
Ukufika kukaWesterdam kwandisa imikhumbi emikhumbi emine futhi kwabonisa ukuqala kwenkathi entsha yokukhula eHolland America. Ngo-1989, iWesterdam yaqalwa kabusha imali engu-$ 84 million emkhunjini waseMeyer Werft ePapenburg, eJalimane, lapho kwakhiwa khona ekuqaleni. Ngesikhathi se-drydock eyengeziwe, "yelulelwa" ngamakhilomitha angu-130 irekhodi lembonini ye-cruise, okwandisa amandla alo 1,000 kuya ku-1,494 izivakashi kanye nobukhulu bayo kusuka kumathani angu-42 000 kuya ku-53.872.
Ngemva kokuphatha izivakashi ezingaphezu kwesigidi eCaribbean, iPanama Canal kanye ne-Alaska cruises, umkhumbi washiya i-Holland America imoto ngo-Mashi 10, 2002, wadluliselwa enkampanini kadade iCosta Cruises, lapho waqhubeka khona ukuhamba kwamanzi aseYurophu amanzi njengeCosta Europa.
Westerdam I
UWesterdam wokuqala wahamba waya e-Holland America Line kusukela ngo-1946 kuya ku-1965. Umkhumbi wezimpahla / umgibeli ohlangene, ophethe imoto emihlanu kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ezingu-143 abagibeli bokuqala kanye nabasebenzi abangu-126, umkhumbi wenza i-Atlantic iwele kabili ngenyanga phakathi kweRotterdam, eNetherlands , naseNew York City. Umkhumbi we-tani-12, 149-we-twin-propeller kanye nomkhumbi wabo odadewabo, u-Noordam II, wathatha izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili ukuze awele.
I-Westerdam yayisindiswe ukuxosha ezintathu ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II ngaphambi kokuba yenze uhambo lwayo lwentombazane.
I-keel yayo yafakwa eRotterdam ngo-Septemba 1, 1939, e-Wilton Feyenoord Shipyard, kodwa kwakhiwa okwesikhashana lapho amaJalimane ehlasela iHolland ngo-1940. Ngo-Aug. 27, 1942, umkhumbi owawuqede isigamu wawuqhunywe ibhomu ngamabutho ase-Allied at ukushona nokushisa. Amabutho aseJalimane aphakamisa umkhumbi, kodwa ngo-September 1944, kwaqotshwa amabutho aseDutch angaphansi kokuphikiswa komhlaba.
Bavuswa amaJalimane, lashiswa okwesithathu yiDashi ngaphansi komhlaba ngoJan. 17, 1945.
Ngemuva kwempi, iWesterdam yakhuliswa amaDashi futhi ukwakhiwa kwaqedwa. Ngo-June 28, 1946, uWesterdam wasuka eRotterdam enqoleni yakhe yentombazane eya eNew York. Kwaqhubeka isevisi ye-trans-Atlantic ejwayelekile kuze kube yilapho ithengiswa eSpain ukuze ibe ngu-Feb. 4, 1965.
I-Noordam
I-Noordam entsha kunomkhumbi wesine we-Holland America ukuthwala leli gama. I-Noordam III eyedlule yayihambe ngomkhumbi kusukela ku-1984. Ngo-2005, i-Noordam III yathengiswa kuLouis Cruise Lines, eyamshayela uThomson Cruises.
I-Vista Series
I-Zuiderdam yakamuva yafika ngoDisemba 2002, ilandelwa yi-Oosterdam ngoJulayi ka-2003. IWesterdam yanikelwa entwasahlobo ka-2004, kanti i-Noordam yaqeda amaphuzu e-compass ngoFebruwari 2006.
Koningsdam
Um ms. Koningsdam wabizwa ngokuthi udumo lweNkosi Willem-Alexander waseNetherlands, owaba yinkosi ngo-2013. Nguye inkosi yokuqala yeNetherlands eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu