01 ka-06
Sibutsetelo samaThempeli eBhubaneshwar
Ithempeli nompristi eBhubaneshwar. I-Soreau / Getty Izithombe I-Bhubaneshwar, inhloko-dolobha yakwa-Odisha kanye nenye yezindawo zokuvakasha ezisezingeni eliphezulu , idume ngokuba yidolobha lamathempeli - ngemva kwakho konke, kunezingaphezu kuka-700 kuzo! Iningi lamathempeli linikezelwa eNkosini Shiva nomlando wembula ukuthi kungani.
Igama elithi Bhubaneshwar livela egameni leSanskrit likaShiva, i-Tribhubaneswar, elisho ukuthi "iNkosi yeZizwe ezintathu". ImiBhalo yakudala yamaHindu ithi iBhubaneshwar ingenye yezakhiwo ezizithandayo zeNkosi Lord, lapho ethanda khona ukuchitha isikhathi ngaphansi komuthi omkhulu wemango. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathempeli amaningi eBhubaneshwar akhiwa kusukela ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye lamashumi amabili lambili kuya ku-12 AD, ngesikhathi uSiyalvis (ukukhulekelwa kweNkosi Lord Shiva) ebusa isimo sezenkolo.
Iningi lamathempeli e-Odisha, naseBhubaneshwar, liyi-design yendlela yokwakha eyisitayela esincane se-Nagara isitayela samathempeli asenyakatho aseNdiya. Kuyinto inhlanganisela yalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i- rekha (i-sanctum ene-curvilinear spire) kanye ne- pidha ( ipaki yangaphambili lesigxobo nephahla lwama pyramidal). Lo mklamo uhlotshaniswa kakhulu namathempeli eShiva, Surya, naseVishnu.
Ukwakhiwa kwalezi zinhlobo zamathempeli kwaqhubeka iminyaka engaba yinkulungwane e-Odisha, kusukela kuma-6th-7th kuya ku-AD kuya kwekhulu le-15 leminyaka le-16 AD. Kwakuvame kakhulu eBhubaneswar, inhloko-dolobha yasendulo eMbusweni waseKalinga, lapho kwenzeka khona ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa izinguquko zokubusa kwama-dynasties kanye nokusebenzisana kwabo.
Amacwecwe amakhulu aqoshiwe amathempeli aseBhubaneshwar ayamangalisa ngempela. Kungqondo ukukhukhumeza ukucabanga ngomsebenzi owawudala ekudaleni wona kanye nezisekelo zazo eziqoshiwe.
Funda ukuze uthole amathempeli ayisihlanu ongakuphuthelwa ukuwavakashela.
02 ka 06
Lingraj Temple
I-Lingraj ithempeli eliyinkimbinkimbi, iBhubaneshwar. Frederic Soltan / Getty Izithombe Yakhiwe: 11th Century AD
Ithempeli elihle kakhulu laseLingraj (inkosi ye- lingas , uphawu lwephallic yeNkosi Shiva) limelela umphumela wokuziphendulela kwezakhiwo zethempeli e-Odisha. Isiphephelo saso sinamamitha angu-180 ubude. Kukhona amathempeli amancane angaphezu kwangu-64 endlini yethempeli elincane. Zihlotshiswe ngobukhulu ngemidwebo yonkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi, amakhosi namakhosikazi, ukudansa amantombazane, abazingeli nabaculi.
Ngeshwa, abangebona amaHindu ngeke bakwazi ukubona konke lokhu kuseduze. AmaHindu kuphela avunyelwe ukungena ethempelini (futhi labo bamaHindu kuphela abheka amaHindu ngokwanele).
Abangewona amaHindus bangakwazi ukubona ngaphakathi kwethempeli lezixuku ezikude. Kukhona ipulatifomu yokubuka ezungeze ngakwesokudla komnyango omkhulu. Qaphela: kungenzeka ukuthi uzothola ukuhlukunyezwa ngumuntu ngeminikelo, ethi uyongena ethempelini. Ngeke kunjalo, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi unganiki imali. (Ngesikhathi ngivakashela, ngahlangana nomfana othi ungumpristi wethempeli. Wayephuza utshwala futhi umqondisi wami wayeqiniseka ukuthi uzosebenzisa imali ukuthenga okuningi).
03 ka 06
I-Mukteshwar Temple
I-Mukteshwar Temple, iBhubaneshwar, Odisha. Sharell Cook Yakhelwe: I-10th Century AD
Ema-34 ubude ubude, ithempeli le-Mukteshwar lingenye yamathempeli amancane kunazo zonke eBhubaneshwar. Kodwa-ke, idume nge-archway yayo enhle kakhulu, futhi i-plailing nge-lotus ye-petus eyisishiyagalombili ngaphakathi kwevolanda layo. Imifanekiso eminingi eqoshiwe (kubandakanya i-lion head motif) ivela okokuqala ngqa ekwakhiweni kwethempeli.
Igama lethempeli, elithi Mukteshwar, lisho ukuthi "Nkosi oletha inkululeko ngokusebenzisa yoga". Uzothola i-ascetics e-mediation ehlukahlukene ebeka ethempelini, kanye nezibalo ezisuka emlandweni wamaHindu, izindaba ezingamanga ezivela ePanchatantra (izincwadi ezinhlanu zezinganekwane zezilwane), kanye noJain munis (amakholi / izimbongolo).
Zama futhi ubambe umkhosi we- Mukteshwar Dance , ogcinwe esiteji sethempeli phakathi noJanuwari unyaka ngamunye.
04 ka 06
Ithempeli laseBrahmeshwar
Amit Rawat / Flickr / CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Yakhiwe: 11th Century AD
Njengoba kwakukhona empumalanga yethempeli laseLingraj, ithempeli laseBrahmeshwar lakhiwa ngunina wenkosi elawula ukuhlonipha unkulunkulu uBrahmeshwar (uhlobo lweNkosi Lord Shiva). Kungamamitha angaba ngu-60 ubude. Izigxobo ze-Iron zasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwethempeli okokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye sokuqala esithombeni sezithombe zethempelini kwakuyizingoma nabadansa ababonakala bekhululekile ezindongeni zethempeli.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-Brahmeshwar ithatha kancane imidwebo yayo kusukela ethempelini lase-Mukteshwar yangaphambili. Isakhiwo saso sinendawo eqoshiwe nge-lotus, futhi kunezinyoni ezinengi zezingonyama zekhanda (ezavela okokuqala ngethempeli le-Mukteshwar) ezindongeni zalo. Futhi kufana nethempeli laseRaararani, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zemibhangqwana ehlukumezayo kanye nezintombi ezithandayo.
Ingaphandle yethempeli lihlotshaniswa nemifanekiso yabankulunkulu nabankulunkulukazi abaningana, izigcawu zenkolo, nezilwane ezihlukahlukene nezinyoni. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezithombe ezihlobene ne-tantric eseceleni esentshonalanga. Shiva nezinye izithixo nazo zifanekiselwa izici zabo ezesabekayo.
05 ka 06
I-Rajarani Temple
Kim Steele / Getty Izithombe Yakhelwe: I-10th Century AD
Ithempeli laseRajarani lihlukile kulokho akekho noNkulunkulu ohambisana nalo. Kukhona indaba ukuthi ithempeli laliyisakhiwo sokuzijabulisa senkosi yase-Oriya nenkosikazikazi (i-raja ne-rani). Kodwa-ke, ngokwengeziwe, ithempeli laligama layo kusukela ezihlukahlukene sandstone esetshenziswa ukwenza.
Imidwebo ethempelini ayinhle kakhulu, enezithombe eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ethempelini elibizwa ngokuthi yiKhajuraho empumalanga. Esinye sezici ezithakazelisayo zethempelini yiziqoqo ezincane eziqoshiwe eziphefumulayo. Izikhala ezethempelini ezivulekile nezingacacile zindawo enokuthula yokuphumula uma ufuna ikhefu kusuka ekubukeni.
Kukhona imali yokufaka ama-rupees angu-15 amaNdiya nama-rupees angu-200 kubantu bezinye izizwe. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 zikhululekile.
Zama futhi ubambe i- Rajarani Music Festival , egcinwe esitelekeni ngoJanuwari unyaka ngamunye.
06 ka-06
I-Yogini Temple
Ngaphakathi kweThempeli le-Yogini 64. Sharell Cook Yakhiwe: 9-10th Century AD
Ngenkathi iThempeli le-Yogini lika-64 liseHirapur, eliqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-15 empumalanga yeBhubaneshwar, kufanelekile ukwenza umzamo wokuyivakashela. Okwenza lethempeli likhetheke ukuthi yiyodwa yamathempeli amane e-yogini eNdiya azinikezele enkolweni ye-esoteric ye-tantra. Kugcwele imfihlakalo futhi abaningi bendawo bayesaba - futhi akulula ukucabanga ukuthi kungani.
Ithempeli linamatshe angama-64 e-yogini amadekazi aqoshwe ezindongeni zalo zangaphakathi, okumelela amafomu angu-64 omama wokudilika adale ukuphuza igazi lamademoni. Ihlelo le-yogini lalikholelwa ukuthi ukukhonza onkulunkulukazi abangu-64 no-goddess Bhairavi kwakuyobanika amandla angaphezu kwamandla.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ithempeli alikho uphahla. Igoli likwazi ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi onkulunkulukazi be-yogini bebaleka bese bezungeza ebusuku.
Imikhosi ye-tantric once ekholelwa ukuthi yayenziwe ethempelini ayisekho okwenzekayo. Manje, unkulunkulu owengamele unkulunkulukazi okuthiwa u-Mahamaya. Yena kanye ne-yoginis bakhulekelwa ngesimo sinkulunkulukazi uDurga phakathi noDussehra noBasanti Puja.
Zama futhi uvakashele ithempeli ekuseni kakhulu, lapho inkungu ibeka khona umuzwa obala, noma ilanga lapho i-yoginis ibonakala ibomvu ngokukhanya futhi ibonakale iphila. Ukuhlala emzaneni okuthula phakathi kwezinsimu ze-paddy kwenezela emkhathini.