Ucwaningo olusha olwenziwa yi-National Park Foundation luhlola amapaki kazwelonke eMelika ngomzamo wokulinganisa inani lazo lomnotho. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo yanikeza izinombolo ezibonakalayo, isinika umbono ongcono wokuthi lezi zakhiwo eziyigugu ziyiqiniso kangakanani.
Isifundo
Ucwaningo luqhutshwa nguDkt. John Loomis noMcwaningi Ocwaninga uMichelle Haefele waseColorado State University, owasebenza ngokubambisana noDkt. Linda Bilmes weHarvard Kennedy School.
I-trio izama ukubeka "inani lezomnotho eliphelele" (TEV) kuma-parks kazwelonke, esebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko-inzuzo ukuze uzame ukubaluleka inani abantu abazithola emithonjeni yemvelo. Kulesi simo, imithombo yemvelo yiwona amapaki ngokwabo.
Ngakho-ke, amapaki kazwelonke angakanani ngokuvumelana nesifundo? Inani elilinganiselwe inani lamapaki, nezinhlelo ze-National Park Service, liyizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-92 zamaRandi. Leli nani alibandakanyi amapaki angu-59 kuphela, kodwa izinqwaba zezikhumbuzo zomhlaba, amasosha, izindawo zomlando nezinye izingxenye eziwela ngaphansi kwesambulela se-NPS. Liphinde ihlanganise izinhlelo ezibalulekile njengeSikhwama seMhlaba kanye namanzi okuLondolozwa kwamanzi kanye neNational Natural Landmarks Program. Ulwazi oluningi lwaqoqwa njengengxenye yophenyo olwengeziwe oluhlose ukulinganisa ukubaluleka kokuphathwa kwemvelo, ukudala impahla yemvelo, imfundo nezinye izici ezingathinta "inani."
"Lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukubaluleka okukhulu umphakathi owenza emsebenzini weNational Park Service, ngisho nangaphandle kwezindawo ezibonakalayo nezisimangaliso ekunakekeleni kwethu," kusho uMqondisi wezeNational Park Service uJonathan B. Jarvis. "Ngokuqinisekisa ukuzibophezela kwethu ezinhlelweni ezisisiza ukuba silondoloze isiko nomlando waseMelika endaweni, lolu cwaningo lunikeza umongo omkhulu wokuqondisa ukuthi iNational Park Service izohamba ngekhulu lesibili leminyaka ukutshela indaba ephelele futhi ehlukahlukene yokuthi singobani nokuthi yini esiyigugu njengesizwe. "
Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho kwamapaki kwakungeyona kuphela isimiso esithakazelisayo esivela kule phrojekthi. Lapho ekhuluma nabantu abacwaningwa ngenkathi beqoqa idatha, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi abantu abangama-95% baseMelika banomuzwa wokuthi ukuvikela amapaki kazwelonke nezinye izindawo ezibalulekile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo kwakuwumzamo obalulekile. Abaningi balabo bantu babezimisele nokubeka imali yabo lapho umlomo wabo ukhona, kanti u-80% uthi bazovuma ukukhokha intela ephakeme uma kusho ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi amapaki ahlomiselwe ngokugcwele futhi avikele phambili.
Inani le-$ 92 billion lizimele embikweni we-National Park Foundation's Visitor Spending Effects umbiko okhishwe emuva ngo-2013. Lolu cwaningo lwaqhutshwa ukuze lunqume umthelela wezomnotho wamapaki kazwelonke emiphakathini eyungezile futhi yafinyelela ekuphethweni kokuthi imali eyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi ($ 14.6 billion) yayichithwa minyaka yonke okuthiwa imiphakathi yesango, echazwa njengalabo abangakhilomitha angu-60 epaki. Ngaphezulu kwalokhu, kulinganiselwa ukuthi imisebenzi engaba ngu-238,000 yadalwa ngenxa yamapaki futhi, eqhubeka nokwandisa umthelela wezomnotho. Lezo zinamba cishe zikhule eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kodwa, njengoba amapaki abone izinombolo zokurekhoda zezivakashi ngo-2014 no-2015.
Lolu cwaningo lwakamuva seluqalile ukubuyekezwa kontanga, okuyinto inqubo ejwayelekile ezweni lezemfundo. Kuzophinde kuhanjiswe ukushicilelwa emaphephandabeni afundiswayo, lapho kungenakubekwa khona ukuhlolwa ngaphezulu. Ngokusho kwemibiko, noma kunjalo, imiphumela iyahambisana nezinye izifundo zikahulumeni, ezibuye zihlaziye imithethonqubo ehlongozwayo kanye nomthelela wokulahlekelwa kwemithombo yemvelo kanye.
Ngenkathi lo mbiko ubeka inombolo yekhonkrithi ngokubaluleka kwamapaki kazwelonke, kungenzeka ukuthi akusizi ngalutho ukumangala kwabahambi. Amapaki aye yizindawo ezidumile zokuthanda abangaphandle kwamashumi eminyaka, futhi njengoba beqhubeka nokubeka amarekhodi okuba khona njalo, akubonakali ukuthi lokho kuzophela noma nini ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi impela amapaki ayigugu kangakanani, njengoba kucacile ukuthi umthelela wabo uhamba kabanzi.