Amasayithi angama-15 angama-Mayan ase-Central America

AmaMaya aseMelika Ephakathi ayenomunye wemiphakathi enkulu kakhulu yasendulo emhlabeni. Yayinamakhulu amadolobha amakhulu futhi acebile asakazeka eningizimu yeMexico, eGuatemala, eBelize, e-El Salvador naseHonduras entshonalanga.

Phakathi kuka-250 no-9 CE CE, impucuko yamaMaya yayisezingeni eliphezulu. Kwakuyi-sikhathi lapho amadolobha amadala kakhulu nemifanekiso eyakhiwa khona ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwawo ekwakhiweni. Kwakukhona futhi ngalesi sikhathi lapho amaMeya enza khona ukutholakala kwemlando emasimini afana nezinkanyezi.

Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi futhi izikhungo ezinkulu zamaMeyi zaqala ukwehla ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa izazi-mlando kanye nososayensi. Ukuncipha kwaholela ekulahleni imizi emikhulu. Ngesikhathi iSpanishi ithola lesi sifundazwe, amaMeya asevele ehlala emadolobheni amancane, angenamandla kakhulu. Isiko lamaMeya nolwazi lwalusesimweni sokulahlekelwa.

Emadolobheni amadala amaningi adalwe yihlathi njengoba isikhathi sidlulile, ekugcineni sigcine izakhiwo eziningi ezitholakale zikhona. Ngenkathi kunamakhulu emasayithi okuvubukula aseMeya eNyakatho Melika, nansi ezinye zezintandokazi zethu.

• 01 ngo-15

  I-Xunantunich (eBelize)

  I-Xunantunich itholakala esifundeni saseCayo eduze nomngcele waseGuatemalan. Kwakuyisikhathi esisodwa esikhungweni sokugubha kusukela esikhathini sokuqala sokugcina. Igama layo, elisho ukuthi "owesifazane oyitshe," libhekisela kumoya wesifazane okuthiwa uhlala kule sayithi kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1890.

  I-Xunantunich inama-plazas ayisithupha namakhosi ama-25. Kuthathwa njengesibili isayithi le-Mayan elibaluleke kakhulu eBelize emva kweCaracol.

  Idume phakathi kwezivakashi ngobuhle bayo futhi inamamyuziyamu amancane lapho ungafunda okuningi ngomlando wayo.

• 02 ngo-15

  I-Cuello (eBelize)

  Le ndawo yokuvubukula isenyakatho yeBelize. Okwenza kube okuyingqayizivele ukuthi ungakwazi ukubona ukuthi amaqembu okuhlala atholakala kuphi. Kukhona ngisho nengxenye yesakhiwo esasetshenziswa njengamanzi okugeza okucatshangwa ukuthi avela ku-900 BCE Amasayithi okugcoba anikeze abavubukuli isithombe esingcono sempilo yamaMeya ngamagugu afana ne-ceramics.

  Indawo isendaweni yangasese kodwa umndeni uvumela izivakashi ukuba zihlole isayithi.

• 03 ka-15

  I-Caracol (eBelize)

  I-Caracol nayo isendaweni yaseCayo ngaphakathi kweChiquibul Forest Reserve, cishe amakhilomitha angu-40 ukusuka ku-Xunantunich. Kwakuyinye yezikhungo zezombusazwe ezibaluleke kakhulu uma iziqhingi zesikhathi esifushane.

  Ngaphandle kokuba yisayithi elikhulu kunazo zonke laseMeyi eBelize, liqukethe nezakhiwo ezinkulu zezwe. Kube khona amathuna angaphezu kwangu-70 avuliwe futhi ama-hieroglyphs amaningana avuliwe, okwenza kube indawo ebaluleke kunazo zonke kubavubukuli.

• 04 ka-15

  I-Cerro Maya (eBelize)

  Idolobha laseCroro Maya njengenye indawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhweba kwamanye amadolobha esifundeni. Leli dolobha lalicatshangwa ukuthi liphakeme kakhulu ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuqala. Uyothola endaweni engasenyakatho yeBelize. Ukuze ufike lapho, ungaya ngesikebhe noma emotweni. Ukuhamba ngemoto kunikeza isipiliyoni esiyingqayizivele ngemibono emihle.

  Ungakwazi ukukhuphukela phezulu kwesakhiwo sakho eside kunazo zonke futhi uthole umbono omkhulu weCaribbean.

• 05 ka-15

  I-Lamanai (eBelize)

  Uzothola uLamanai esifundeni esenyakatho saseBelize esifundeni sase-Orange Walk. Okwenza leli sayithi liyingqayizivele ukuthi yiyodwa yemizi yaseMeya eyayikelwe isikhathi eside kunazo zonke. Yakhiwe esikhathini esandulela isiqalo futhi sasisendaweni evulekile lapho amaSpanish efika. Lona cishe izinkulungwane ezintathu zokuhlala eMeya.

• 06 ka-15

  I-Altun Ha (eBelize)

  Isayithi leMeya liseningizimu neBelize, ngaseBelize City naseLwandle lweCaribbean. Ngaphambi kokuba abavubukuli baqale ukuyikhathalela, amanye amatshe avela ezakhiweni asetshenziswa abantu bendawo ukwakha amakhaya abo.

  Isakhiwo eside kunazo zonke eziyinkimbinkimbi (iThempeli lama-altare eMasonry) sibonakala ku logo yebhiya yendawo. Leli sayithi elincane liphelele ukuvakashelwa kosuku olufushane.

• 07 kwangu-15

  I-Tikal (Guatemala)

  I-Tikal yayisiyidolobha elikhulu. Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi yiwona onamandla kakhulu kuwo wonke amadolobha aseMeya. Indawo enkulu. Uma ufuna ngempela ukuhlola konke okufanele unikeze, kufanele usebenzise ohlwini olulunye ubusuku kulo noma ubuyele ngosuku olulandelayo.

  Uma unosuku olulodwa kuphela, qinisekisa ukuthi uya esikhwameni esikhulu sezithonjana futhi wenze indlela yakho ethempelini # 4. Lesi yisakhiwo eside kakhulu endaweni yonke futhi sinikeza imibono emangalisayo.

  Le ndawo yaziwa nangokuthi izilwane zayo zasendle zivela ezinkabanini kuya ezihlahleni zasendle. Labo abachitha ubusuku bangase babone ngisho namajagu ebusuku.

• 08 ka-15

  I-Yaxhá (Guatemala)

  I-Yaxhá yayijwayele ukuba yesikhungo somkhosi futhi itholakala phakathi kwama-lagoons amabili. Kucatshangwa njengenye yezimfihlo ezigcinwe kahle kakhulu emhlabeni weMeya. Usuke uqinisekiswe ukuthi ngeke kube nezixuku njengoba uhlola indlu yobukhosi, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi yezinkanyezi, nezitaladi zalo ezikhishwe ngamatshe.

  I-Yaxhá iqukethe izakhiwo ezingaphezu kuka-500, ama-stelae angu-40, ama-altare angu-13, nama-pyramid ayisishiyagalolunye.

• 09 ka-15

  I-El Mirador (Guatemala)

  I-El Mirador yiyona idolobha elithatha umqhele waseThikal njengesikhungo esikhulu seMeya esitholakale. Kubuye kube nomunye wemipiramidi emikhulu emhlabeni owakhiwe ngezikhathi zasendulo.

  Le ndawo yatholwa kuphela emashumini eminyaka edlule. Ikhulu kakhulu futhi ingcwatshwe kakhulu ehlathini ukuthi kusenayo ingqalasizinda yokusekela ukuvakasha. Ukuze ufike lapho, kufanele uthathe ukuhamba ngezinsuku ezinhlanu ehlathini noma uthole i-helicopter. Ngokujabulisayo, izivakashi zamukelekile ukuba zihambe ekamu okwenza ukuba uhambo luzuze kakhulu kubantu abajabulela ukulala ngaphandle okukhulu.

• 10 kwangu-15

  I-Takalik Abaj (Guatemala)

  Uzothola i-Takalik Abaj eningizimu yeGuatemala eMnyangweni weRetalhuleu. I-Takalik Abaj yayiyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yezohwebo phakathi nezinkathi zangaphambili nezigaba zakudala. Ezikhathini zanamuhla, yaziwa ngokuthi isayithi eliye laveza inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke zemidwebo yasendulo kanye nemidwebo yaseGuatemala futhi iqukethe isimiso se-hydraulic esihlanganisa ngisho nohlobo lwe-sauna lwe-mauna.

• 11 kwangu-15

  I-Iximche (Guatemala)

  I-Iximche iyinkimbinkimbi encane ehlala ezintabeni zaseGuatemala. Nakuba engeyona into emangalisa njengabafana bayo abakhulu, indawo yayo inikeza imibono emangalisayo yezintaba ezizungezile.

  Phakathi nezikhathi zaseMeyi, i-Iximche yayiyisiqongo esiqongweni sezintaba esingazange sitholwe kuze kube yilapho amaSpanish efika khona. Ngemuva kokuqothulwa, yaphenduka yaba yinhloko-dolobha yokuqala yaseGuatemala nayo yonke i-Central America.

  Uma uhamba yonke indlela eya emuva uzothola i-altare esasetshenziswa amaMeya anamuhla emidlalweni yabo.

• 12 kwangu-15

  I-Quirigua (Guatemala)

  I-quirigua itholakala eMnyangweni we-Izabal. Akuyona enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu. Kwakusezingeni eliphezulu phakathi nenkathi yokufunda futhi kwaba isikhungo esibalulekile sempi nesokuhweba esifundeni. Okwenza kube okuyingqayizivele futhi kubalulekile ukuthi kulokho kunemiBhalo eminingi ebhaliwe phezu kwamanye ama-stelae amade kakhulu eNew World.

• 13 kwangu-15

  UJoya de Cerén (El Salvador)

  Uzothola uJoya de Cerén esifundeni esiphakathi sase-El Salvador. Kwakungumuzi wezolimo owawuhlala iminyaka engaba ngu-200 kuphela. Yashiywa ngenxa yokuqhuma kweLaguna Caldera.

  Lona isayithi leMayan elibaluleke kakhulu ngoba lingomunye wabambalwa abonisa ukuthi isigaba esiphansi siphila kanjani. Azikho izindlu ezinkulu zamakhaya noma imizi yama-elite. Esikhundleni salokho, uthola imizi encane enezinhlaka ezintathu noma ezine ezikhonza njengamakamelo, amakhishi noma ama-saunas.

• 14 kwangu-15

  I-Tazumal (El Salvador)

  I-Tazumal itholakala eMnyangweni we-Santa Ana wase-El Salvador. Isendaweni enezinye izindawo ezine futhi yahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. I-Tazumal ibonisa indlela eyinkimbinkimbi impucuko yaseMayan eyaba nethempeli layo elikhulu namanzi.

  Izakhiwo lapha akuzona nje iMayan, kodwa. Abantu bakuleli dolobha babethonywe yiCopán kanye namaToltecs futhi kubonisa ukwakha kwabo, okwenza kube inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele.

  Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona amanye ama-stelae nambalwa amathuna angu-23 atholakele kuwo.

• 15 kwangu-15

  I-Copan (i-Honduras)

  I-Copan isentshonalanga yeHonduras idume kakhulu phakathi kwabahambi futhi kubalulekile ososayensi. Futhi ngokunjalo kanjalo. Amathani namathani wemidwebo, ubuciko, imidwebo, nemihlobiso yitholakale kuwo. Bonke basisiza ukulandisa ngomlando walomuzi.

  Lokhu kwakungenye yemizi enamandla kunazo zonke esifundeni saseMaya eseningizimu kodwa ekugcineni yahlukunyezwa yi-Quirigua.