01 ka 09
I-Cu Chi Tunnels - Isizinda Esifushane
Umsebenzi we-US Army. I-Public Domain. I-Cu Chi Tunnels yinkimbinkimbi yemigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba, eqoshiwe ngesandla, esekhilomitha angu-55 enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeHo Chi Minh City (Saigon). Emahoreni amabili amahora asuka enyakatho yaseNingizimu Vietnam, uCu Chi Tunnels namuhla ihlanganisa indawo ehambelayo yezokuvakasha eSaigon ehlinzeka izivakashi ngendlela ekhangayo emlandweni wempi yaseVietnam.
Awekho amahloni, ama-hellholes aphethwe yizinambuzane lapha; uhulumeni waseVietnam uye wahlanza indawo yakhe futhi wabeka imibukiso eminingi emayelana nalesi sakhiwo, engakhulumi ngesitolo esinomkhumbulo esiphezulu kanye nebala lokudubula lapho izivakashi zingashisa khona izikhali ezizenzekelayo mayelana ne-dollar inhlamvu.
Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, iKu Chi yayiyingxenye yensimu ephikisana kakhulu phakathi neMpi YeVietnam. I-Cu Chi yayiyingxenye "ye-Iron Triangle", indawo engamakhilomitha angama-60 emgwaqeni waseBinh Duong waseVietnam abahlali bayo abazwelana neView Cong, noma abahlubuki bamaKhomanisi eNingizimu.
I-Cu Chi iphinde isebenze njenge-depot ebalulekile ku-"Ho Chi Minh Trail", lapho izimpahla namasosha ahlunga kusukela kumaKhomanisi aseNyakatho yeVietnam eya ezihlubuki eMelika yaseZimbabwe. Isibhamu se-US top brass sabona ukubaluleka kwe-Cu Chi Tunnels, futhi sazama izikhathi eziningana ukucubungula imigudu.
I-Operation Crimp ngo-1966 yazama ukushaya ibhomu iView Cong esikhundleni sayo, kodwa izingxenye eziningi zenethiwekhi yomhubhe zaziyi-bhomu-ubufakazi. Izibhamu ze-Booby kule mikhumbi zavotela amasosha angu-8 000 aseMelika kanye ahlangene emhlabathini eCu Chi. Ubuchwepheshe obunjiniyela bomgwaqo kwakusho ukuthi amabhomu kanye negesi enobuthi ayengakwazi ukukhipha noma ukugibela i-Viet Cong ngaphakathi kwemigudu.
I-Operation Cedar Falls ngo-1967 yandisa inqwaba yezingxenye ezingu-30,000, kufaka phakathi "amathanga emigodi", noma ochwepheshe abaqeqeshelwe emiphakathini yempi (bheka isithombe ngenhla). "Amagundane e-tunnel" ayengenakho imishini ehehayo - ikakhulukazi bayobe benesibhamu .45, ummese, ne-flashlight.
Ukubhebhetheka kwamabhomu kanye nomugudu wokudonsa izimpondo kwaba yimpumelelo ethile, kodwa ama-guerrilla angaphansi kwamantombazane aphikisiwe emahlathini, athatha uCu Chi lapho umsebenzi wase-US endaweni.
02 ka 09
Imfihlakalo yokuChubela 'Impumelelo'
I-Diorama ye-Cu Chi Tunnels, ekhombisa amakamelo okugcina, amakhishi (anezingqimba ezinamakhemikhali ukusabalalisa ubusi), izindawo zokulala, kanye nezicupho ze-booby zezintambo zokudonsa ezingalindelekile zase-US. Isithombe © Jake Robillo, esetshenziselwa imvume. Yini eyenza i-Cu Chi Tunnels iphumelele njengesizinda sokusebenza? Ukhawuleza ubuchwepheshe obunjiniyela bomgwaqo: ngaphandle kokulingwa kwephutha, kanye nokusebenza kanzima kwe-Viet Cong, owadweba imigudu ngesandla ngesandla ngamaphikethi alula namafosholo.
Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwayo, inethiwekhi yomgwaqo yayihamba ngamamitha angaba ngu-75 ngaphansi komhlaba, ize ifinyelele emngceleni weCambodia. Imigudu yayikhululwe ngesandla, ngesilinganiso samamitha amahlanu kuya kwanguyisithupha ngosuku.
Inethiwekhi yomgwaqo yayinezibhedlela, izindawo zokuhlala, amakhishi, izindawo zokuhlasela amabhomu, amathiyetha, nezimboni zezikhali.
Umoya ovela emakhishini nasezimbonini zezikhali wakhiwe ngezingxube eziningi ezinamakhemikhali ezahlukanisa umusi emlilweni, ukuvimbela noma yimaphi amapulazi avela ekuboneni amabutho esitha.
Ama-air wind-level events afihliwe njengama-anthills noma ama-termite mounds.
Ukugubha ngokweqile ngaphansi kwamandla ezinyawo zase-US, imigudu yanikeza izindawo ezifihlekile eziphephile nezindlela ezingabonakali lapho i-Viet Cong ingayifaka khona ngesikhathi esithile, bese iphela ngokushesha njengoba ibonakala.
03 ka 09
Izinkomba ze-Cu Chi Tunnels '
"Umsila wokuqhaqhaza", ngokuvamile ohlanganiswa namaqabunga, uvale lapho unyawo luwela khona, ufaka umlenze wesisulu ngezinsimbi ezibukhali zensimbi. Isithombe © Mike Aquino, ilayisensi ku-About.com. Amasosha ase-US azama ukungena ngaphakathi emigwaqweni abhekene nezinselelo eziningi: imigudu encane yayincane kakhulu kuma-American servicemen amaningi (nakuba ayifanele kakhulu ama-Vietnamese aphansi, amaVietnam amancane), futhi lezi zindlela ziphazamiseka ngezinambuzane ezinwabuzelayo nezicupho ezibulalayo.
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo kungabhubhisa imayini noma amabhomu; izibhamu zivulekele ukuze zibophe amasosha ekugxotsheni oluthile lwe-bamboo punji.
Izwe elizungezile laligcwele imayini engalungile, engozini yamandla aseMelika phansi. Umthombo wale migodi? Amandla aseMelika ngokwawo.
Amabhomu kanye nezinye izikhali ezisetshenziselwa amabutho aseMelika ziqoqwe yiVang Cong futhi zalethwa yi-Cu Chi ngaphansi komhlaba we-smithies, lapho zaguqulwa khona zibe yizimayini, iziqhumane ze-rocket nezinye izikhali. Ngamafuphi, amaMelika ayenikeza i-Viet Cong izikhali zokuzivikela ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokwazo!
04 ka 09
Ama-Cu Chi Tunnels - Ahlanjululwe Abavakashi
Isivakashi sibheka umhubhe we-Cu Chi (okhulisiwe) ngobukhulu. Imigudu ayinkulu ngokwanele ukuma; isivakashi sidinga ukudoba-sihambe endleleni. Isithombe © Jake Robillo, esetshenziselwa imvume. Impi yayiphelile ngo-1975; iNyakatho yamaKhomanisi ekugcineni yathatha iNingizimu nge-push eyodwa, futhi imigudu yahlanzwa njengesikhumbuzo sempi.
Namuhla, izivakashi zaseVietnam ziza ukugubha abafileyo bazo futhi zikhumbule umzabalazo, kuyilapho izivakashi eziningi zaseNtshonalanga zizohlola lezi tunnels.
Amanye imigudu iye yanda ngenxa yama-Western bulkier. Lezi imigudu ihlanjululwa futhi ihlanzwa njalo, ngakho izivakashi azitholi noma ziphuphuthekiswe ngothuli noma i-vermin.
Okuwukuphela kwengozi phansi kukhona i-claustrophobia - ngisho ne-version ekhulisiwe yi-duck-walk, futhi kuyisikhulu esikhulu sokwenza izitebhisi zensimbi eziholela phezulu.
05 ka 09
I-Cu Chi Tunnels 'Iminyango Engavamile
Umhlahlandlela eCu Chi ubonisa ubukhulu obuncane nokungaqali komphakathi weCu Chi emnyango. Isithombe © Mike Aquino, ilayisensi ku-About.com. Imigudu evulekile kubavakashele ingxenyana encane yenethiwekhi yeCu Chi phezulu; iningi lamathandle liye lawa ekusetshenzisweni kabi, ngakho-ke indawo yokuvakasha ihlanganisa umhubhe owodwa okhulisiwe kanye nemibhobho embalwa yokuboniswa.
Umgodi obonisiwe ngenhla ubonisa amanani 'amancane amathandle kanye nesici esiphezulu. Imigodi nemigudu ivumelanisa uhlaka oluncane, oluhlanganisiwe lwesiVietnam kakhulu, futhi alufaki ukuphakama, amafolda amasheya avamile phakathi kwama-American servicemen.
Umhlahlandlela weCu Chi ubonisa indlela yokungena nokuvala umgodi - umhlahlandlela ungena ezinyaweni kuqala, ubeka isembozo phezulu phezulu kwekhanda lakhe (ngakwesobunxele), futhi ugoqa emadolweni ukuze umzimba wakhe wonke ungenelela ekuvukeni (isikhungo).
Uma umzimba wakhe wonke ungaphakathi, umhlahlandlela ushicilela isembozo endaweni (ngakwesokudla), ungashiyi lutho phezu kwendawo okubonisa indawo yendawo.
Ku-servicemen yaseMelika kule ndawo phakathi neMpi YeVietnam, kumelwe ukuba wayezizwa ehlaselwa yizimpumputhe.
06 ka 09
I-Ampitheater ne-Propaganda ye-Cu Chi Tunnels
Ukuvakasha ubonisa enye yamakhekhe asetshenziselwa ukumba imigudu, njengoba omunye umhlahlandlela ubheka. Isithombe © Mike Aquino, ilayisensi ku-About.com. Imibukiso ye-Cu Chi Tunnel ifakwe emaqenjini ambalwa ayisihluthulelo.
I-ampitheater ngokuvamile ihamba phambili ekuvakasheni - izivakashi zihanjiswa zingene emgodini ongenalutho emhlabathini, zimbozwe ngophahla olufakwe ngaphakathi, futhi ziboniswe umdwebo weCu Chi Tunnels, kanye nenkulumo-mnyama emnyama nomhlophe ividiyo eyenziwe ngawo-1970.
Izivakashi zihanjiswe ngamakhombandlela ukuhlola ezinye izibonakaliso ezisebenzayo zamathuluzi we-Cu Chi Tunnels 'wempi.
07 ka 09
Imibukiso ye-Cu Chi Tunnels '
I-tank ebanjwe eCcu Chi ibonisa. I-tank imbumbulu ibonisa izimbobo ze-bullet ezibangelwa "ukuzwela izwe" amabutho aseVin Cong. Isithombe © Jake Robillo, esetshenziselwa imvume. Enye yesikhungo sezemvelo sibonisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezingcupheni ezenziwa iVang Cong ukubopha amabutho aseMelika endaweni. Izingibe zibekwe ngokumelene nesimo sangemuva esibonisiwe esibonisa amasosha ase-US ekuguleni. Izibonelo eziboniswe emabhokisini ziyakwazi kahle (uma zihlukumezeka), zivela ezibhebheni ezilula eziya eminyango ezishaya phansi izisulu ezingenangqondo ukuvula umnyango ongalungile.
Enye inkundla ihlanganisa i-diorama ebonisa i-typical factory yezikhali ze-Viet Cong. Amabhomu ase-US angakaze atholakale nezinye izikhali ezithunjiwe zalethwa kulezi zinkampani, lapho zenziwa khona emigodini, amabhomu kanye nezinye izikhali ezingasetshenziswa emelene namabutho aseMelika eVietnam.
Ngaphandle, izivakashi zingabona imigudu kanye nemigudu yokuvuleka isenzo; izibonelo zezikhali zaseMelika ezithathwe (kufaka phakathi izixuku zamabhomu angaziwa, futhi ngokumangalisayo, i-Sherman tank echithiwe); kanye nokuboniswa kwesicupho somgodi esenzakalweni, phansi kwalo kuhlanganiswe izigxobo ezijijiwe ze-punji.
08 ka 09
I-Cu Chi Souvenir Shop ... ne-Range Range
Ibanga lokudubula eduze kwesitolo sokukhumbuza eCu Chi. Isithombe © Mike Aquino, ilayisensi ku-About.com. Ekupheleni komzila, isitolo esinokukhumbula isikhumbuzo esilindele kakhulu silindele izivakashi ezomile, ukuthengisa ukudla, isiphuzo kanye namathokheni ohambo.
Ungathenga ikhophi yevidiyo yama-propaganda akubonise emakhulwini (uma ukubukwa okukodwa kungakwanele), noma uthenge ama-mementoes afaka (kepha angagcini) amakhodi alondolozwe kusuka ku-servicemen yase-American, embossed with insignias nokuhlukanisa- ama-mottoes esilwane ("Ngiyazi ukuthi ngiya ezulwini ngoba sengivele ngiya esihogweni: Vietnam").
Uma izinkumbulo zingeyona into yakho, ungasebenzisa imali yakho esikhundleni sezinhlamvu zebanga eliseduzane lokudubula. Ayikho icala lokudubula isikhali sakho, kodwa i-ammo ayifinyeli - amanani ngoNovemba 2009 anjengoba:
- I-M16, i-M60 - i-VND 30,000 ngenhlamvu ngayinye, noma i-$ 1.67
- I-AK-47 - i-VND 26,000 ngenhlamvu ngayinye, noma mayelana ne $ 1.45
- I-M30, i-M1 - i-VND 24,000 nge-bullet, noma i-$ 1.34
- I-K54, i-K59 - i-VND 25,000 ngenhlamvu ngayinye, noma cishe i-$ 1.40
09 ka 09
Ama-Cu Chi Tunnels: Ezokuthutha, Imali Yokungenelela
Idokodo lamathikithi emnyango weCu Chi Tunnels umbukiso. Izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe zikhokha okuningi ukungena kunezizwe zaseVietnam. Isithombe © Mike Aquino, ilayisensi ku-About.com. Ukuvakashela ku-Cu Chi Imigudu kungenziwa kuhlelwe ngezinombolo ze-ejenti zokuvakasha eziphuma eHo Chi Minh City.
Umhlahlandlela wakho we-About.com ubhalisiwe ne-Sinh Tourist (owayaziwa ngokuthi iSinh Café; indawo: www.thesinhtourist.vn), enikeza uhambo lwezinsuku ezingu-Cu Chi Tanuals tour yeVND 110,000 (cishe u-R6.15 - ukukhokha ku-Dong Dong kuphela ) nge-pick-up ne-drop-off ehhovisi labo kuDe Tham Street ku-One One.
Iphakethe lezokuvakasha lihlanganisa umhlahlandlela wokuvakasha, ozohambisa iqembu lakho elizungeze umbukiso bese unikeza umongo kulokho okubonayo. Ukuvakasha kubonakala kahle njengengxenye yeqembu; imibukiso ayiklanyelwe ukubonwa yizihambeli ezihamba zihamba zodwa, futhi uzodinga umhlahlandlela owaziyo ukuchaza ukuveza ngakunye.
Imali yokungena ayifakiwe kwiphakethe lezokuvakasha. Abantu abadala kufanele bakhokhe imali yokungena ye-VND 75,000 (cishe u-$ 4.20 - ukukhokha ku-Dong Dong kuphela) lapho ufinyelela kusayithi.
Ukuvakasha kuthatha amahora amathathu kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekupheleni - kungabandakanyi ukuthutha ukuya esiteshini nasemuva, kodwa kubandakanya uhambo oluya esikhwameni sezandla zakwa Handicap, lapho izisulu eziphilayo zempi zakha imidwebo yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Cu Chi Tunnels Imininingwane Yokuxhumana
- Ikheli: Ben Dinh, Nhuan Duc, Cu Chi, Ho Chi Minh City
- Ifoni: +84 8 37948823, 37948820, 37948842
- Indawo: www.cuchitunnel.org.vn