Kusuka kubaFeniya kuya kwabaNxushunxushu - Ucwaningo olufushane
Ukuchaza "i-Irish Republican Army", noma nge-IRA emfushane, akulula njengoba kubonakala - ekubonweni komphakathi kanye nasezintangeni zokuzimela, izinhlangano eziningi nezinhlangano zivimbelwe ngaphansi kwalesi sikhathi esikahle sokugqoka. Okuvame ukudonsa amanzi kuze kube sekugcineni. Futhi ukuphela akuyona into ebonakalayo, njengoba "ama-IRA ukunambitheka kwenyanga" amaqembu e-splinter avela ngokujwayelekile, ebiza eyodwa, isihloko sangempela semisebenzi yaso.
Nansi ukuphuthuma okuncane kwezinhlangano ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-Irish Republican Army", noma ngaphandle kweziqu ezengeziwe:
I-Republican yase-Irish - 1866 kuya ku-1870
Ngemva nje kweMpi phakathi kwamazwe, phakathi kweminyaka phakathi kuka-1866 no-1870, i-US-based Fenian Brotherhood yakhuthaza futhi yenza "iFenian Raids". Lokhu kwaba ukuhlaselwa okuphumelelayo emasontweni aseBrithani amakhulu neziteshi zamasiko eCanada, kwaqala ngethemba lokucindezela iBritain ukuba ihoxise e-Ireland. Ukuhlasela kwangempela kwenziwa nge-rag-tag assortment yamaFenians, abanye bebonakala begqoke imifino eluhlaza (futhi okunye kufana kakhulu nemifenqo yebutho le-Union) - izinkinobho zazo ezazibonisa isifingqo esithi "IRA" se-Irish Republican Army. Futhi amafulegi analolo moniker abhekwe (noma okungenani aklanyelwe).
I-Republican Irish Army - 1916 kuya kuma-1920
I-moniker "i-Irish Republican Army" (noma okungenani izinguqulo kuya nomphumela ofanayo) yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi i-Easter Rising of 1916, lapho amabutho ahlangene amaVolontiya ase-Irish kanye ne-Irish Citizen Army ezama ukudiliza umbuso waseBrithani e-Ireland.
Ngemuva kokunqotshwa, izinhlawulo zamabutho ezihlubuki zahlelwa kabusha futhi kusukela ngo-1918 zazizibiza njalo ngokuthi i-Irish Republican Army - amabutho ase-Ireland njengesizwe esizwe esiphuthumayo. Kusukela ngo-1919 kuya ku-1921 leli-Army Republican Army lalwa namabutho aseBrithani empini yama-guerilla, iMpi Yase-Anglo-Irish noma i-Irish War of Independence.
Lapho lokhu kuphelile ngeSivumelwano , izingxenye ze-Irish Republican Army zaba yizikhathi ezivamile ezihlomile zaseFree State, kanti labo abangavumelani nokuhlukanisa kwakhiwa i-Irish Republican Army yama-anti-Treaty ... elwa nebutho laseFree State. Ngisho nangemva kokunqotshwa, abaningi e-Irish Republican Army bathi bathi, hhayi uDail Eireann, bamelela uhulumeni we-Ireland weqiniso.
I-Republican yase-Irish Republic - I-Post-Civil War kuze kube ngama-1960
I-Irish Republican Army yaqhubeka ibe khona ngaphansi komhlaba ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwe- Iraq Civil War futhi yayisayilungisela ukuvukela umbuso. Ukuhlaselwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuqhuma kwamabhomu nokudubula kwenzeka, kokubili e-Ireland nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenkathi eqhubeka nokubiza ubuqiniso njengokuthi "uhulumeni weqiniso" futhi njengomlandeli weRiphabhulikhi yase-Ireland njengoba kwabikwa ngo-1916, i-Irish Republican Army empeleni yaba yinkinga yokushisa imibono, imibono kanye nama-idealists. Ukuguqula inkambo manje futhi nokuphuma ebuzwe bamaKhomanisi ukusebenzisana neJalimane lamaNazi (konke okuvikelwe "ekuqaleni kwanoma yikuphi okudingekayo" imfundiso ehlukanisa zonke izitha zaseBrithani njengomlingani okhona). "Umkhankaso Wokungena Emngceleni" phakathi neminyaka yama-1950 futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 kwaba ukuhlanganiswa kokugcina kwempi kwale nguqulo ye-Irish Republican Army.
I-1960s Split - IRA esemthethweni ne-IRA ehlinzekwayo
Ngama-1960, ubuholi be-Irish Republican Army bethandana (futhi) nemibono yamaKhomanisi kanye neSocialist, beqeda imfundiso yokusiza nje uhlangothi lukazwelonke futhi esikhundleni sokukhetha ukuguqulwa kwe-proletarian yonke. Yikuphi okwehluleka ukwenza izinto, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinhlelo zenkolo eNyakatho Ireland. Ngo-1969, izingxenyana zahlukaniswa.
I- Irish Republican Army esemthethweni yaqhubeka ilwa namabutho aseBrithani kuze kube ngu-1972 futhi yamemezela ukushiya komlilo okwesikhashana. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuye kwenzelwa izingqungquthela zezitatimende ezombusazwe, ukuzithemba kwangaphakathi namanye amaRiphabliki kanye nokubandakanyeka kokusebenza kobugebengu obuhleliwe. Ngonyaka ka-2010 kuphela ukuxilongwa.
I- Irish Republican Army ehlinzekwayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-PIRA noma i- "Provos", yenza ukuhlasela okuhlaselayo kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo futhi yakha isisekelo sezombangazwe esiqinile ngeSinn Fein.
Ngenkathi ikakhulukazi ehlanganyela ekulwa namabutho aseBrithani, i-PIRA nayo yayibandakanyeka "emisebenzini yecala" engabonakala njengokubandakanyeka ebugebengu obuhleliwe nokuqapha. Njengoba ukuphakama kwezombangazwe kweSinn Fein, i-PIRA yaba yimpumelelo futhi yavuma ukuvuma ukuphela komlilo ngo-1997, eholela eSivumelwaneni Esihle SangoLwesihlanu. NgoJulayi 2005 i-Irish Republican Army yaseMelika yamemezela ukuphela komkhankaso wayo wempi futhi yaqeda zonke izingalo.
Enye iqembu elincane lalingu-Army National Liberation Army.
Abaphikisayo - I-CIRA ne-RIRA
Ngomabili i-Official Republic and Provisional Irish Republican Army ehamba kancane esuka ebhalweni ukuze ibotshwe, izigqoko ezinzima lapho (njengoba kulindeleke) zadumazeka futhi zaqala ukuhlukaniswa "nokudala". Kwaqalwa amaqembu amaningana - kaningi akucaci ukuthi lezi zinhlangano ezihlukene, lapho kunezinqola kanye nokuthi yini injongo yangempela yeqembu ... ukwehlukana ukwakha isimangalo esicacisiwe sokuthi "Free Ireland".
Amaqembu amabili amaqembu aphikisayo athi igama elithi Irish Republican Army futhi ngaleyo ndlela kufanelekile:
- I- Continuity Irish Republican Army (i-Continuity IRA noma i-CIRA) yenziwe njengeqembu elincane le-IRA Provisional ngo-1986, kodwa ayizange isebenze ngokuqhubekayo kuze kube sekupheleni komlilo we-PIRA ka-1994. I-CIRA isalokhu ihlomile futhi isasebenza, amandla ayo kanye ne-arsenal engaziwa. Emoyeni weqiniso weRepublicanism, i-CIRA yakha amaqembu amaningana e-splinter athi futhi, i-IRA yeqiniso.
- I- Irish Irish Republican Army (i-Real IRA noma i-RIRA) yinye iqembu elincane elahlukana ne-IRA Provisional, ngalesi sikhathi ngo-1997 kulandela isimemezelo sokuqeda umlilo. I-RIRA yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke futhi esebenzayo kakhulu ezingxenyeni eziphikisanayo. Kubekwe icala lokubulawa kwabantu e-Omagh ngo-1998.