Uthikazikazi noMthunywa Wezinqola
Uma ukhangwa unkulunkulukazi wamaGrike u-Nike, uthola onqobayo: U-Nike unkulunkulukazi wokunqoba. Kuwo wonke umlando wakhe, uye wabambisana noonkulunkulu abanamandla kunazo zonke kwi-Greek Pantheon. Futhi, ngokusebenzisa ukuzalwa kwakhe kwamaRoma, uye wangena ulimi lwethu njengegama elingaphezu kwegama lokuncintisana eligijimelayo kanye ne-anti-aircraft missle. Umshayeli wamaRoma uVictoria wakhe.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nonkulunkulukazi, indaba yakhe, nezinganekwane ezizungezile ngaphambi kokuba uvakashele i- Acropolis yase-Athene , lapho ethatha indawo yakhe ngaphandle kwe-Athena.
Umthombo kaNike
Izwe lamaGreece onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi liqukethe amagagasi amathathu azinkulunkulu ezihamba phambili. Owonkulunkulu bokuqala bewokuqala ukuvela eChaos - Gaia, uMama Womhlaba; Kronos, umoya wexesha; I-Uranus, isibhakabhaka neThalassa, umoya wolwandle, phakathi kwabo. Izingane zabo, i-Titans (i-Prometheus eyanikela ngomlilo ngomuntu cishe idume kakhulu) yafaka esikhundleni sayo. Kanti, ama-Olympians - uZeus , Hera , Athena, Apollo no-Aphrodite - abahlula futhi baba owonkulunkulu abahamba phambili.
Okwamanje uyazibuza ukuthi konke lokhu kuhlobene ngani ne-Nike. Kuhamba ngendlela ethile ukuchaza imvelaphi yakhe eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokombiko owodwa, uyindodakazi kaPallas, unkulunkulu weTutan wempi yempi owalwa eceleni kwama-Olympians, no-Styx, nymph, indodakazi yeTitans nomoya owengamele umfula omkhulu we-Underworld. Encwadini ehlukile, ebhalwe nguHomer, uyindodakazi ka-Ares, indodana kaZeyus kanye nonkulunkulu wempi yama-Olympian - kodwa izindaba zikaNike cishe zandulela izindaba ze-Ares ngamashumi eminyaka.
Ngezikhathi zakudala, abaningi balabo onkulunkulu bokuqala nabesifazanekazi bokuqala babeye baba yingxenye yezimfanelo noma izici zabankulunkulu abahamba phambili, njengoba nje i-pantheon yama gods abangamaHindu kuyizinto ezifanekisela onkulunkulu abakhulu. Ngakho uPallas Athena ungumfanekiso wesontokazi njengomlwi no-Athena Nike unkulunkulukazi onqobayo.
Ukuphila Komndeni Ka-Nike
I-Nike yayingenayo i-consort noma izingane. Wayenabo abafowabo abathathu - uZelos (ukulwa), Kratos (strenth) noBia (amandla). Yena kanye nabantakwabo babezondelene kakhulu noZeus. Ngokombono wamanga, umama kaNike uStx wamlethela izingane uZeus lapho unkulunkulu ehlangana nabahlanganyeli empini yokulwa neTitans.
Umsebenzi kaNike ku-Mythology
Kubuciko bezithombe zakudala, i-Nike iboniswa njengabesifazane abancane abanobuhle, abanamaphiko abanamapulangwe noma izinsimbi. Uvame ukuthwala abasebenzi baseHermesi, okufanekisela indima yakhe njengesithunywa seNqoba. Kodwa, ngokude, amaphiko akhe amakhulu yiyona mfanelo yakhe enkulu kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ngokuphambene nokuboniswa kwabankulunkulu bokuqala abanamaphiko, abangakwazi ukuthatha uhlobo lwezinyoni ezindabeni, ngezikhathi zakudala, i-Nike ihlukile ngokuyigcina. Kungenzeka ukuthi wayedinga ngoba uvame ukuboniswa ezindizeni ezizungezile zempi, ukunqoba okunenzuzo, inkazimulo nodumo ngokunikela ngezigqoko zemifino. Ngaphandle kwamaphiko ayo, amandla akhe amandla akhe okugijima okusheshayo kanye nekhono lakhe njengomgibeli wenqola kaNkulunkulu.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukubonakala kwakhe okuhlabayo namakhono akhethekile, i-Nike ayikho ngempela ebonakalayo ezindabeni eziningikwanekwane. Indima yakhe cishe njalo njengomngane nomsizi kaZeus noma u-Athena.
Ithempeli likaNike
Ithempeli elincane, elenziwe kahle e-Athena Nike, ngakwesokunene sePropylaea - ukungena kwe-Acropolis yase-Athene - iyona ithempeli lokuqala, i-Ionic e-Acropolis.
Yakhiwe nguKallikrates, omunye wabakhi beParthenon ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaPericles, cishe ngo-420 BC Isifanekiso sika-Athena esake esivela ngaphakathi kuso sasingenaphiko. Umhambi ongumGreki nomqondisi wezwe uGausanias, ebhala eminyakeni engaba ngu-600 kamuva, wabiza ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi ovezwe lapha e-Athena Aptera, noma engenamaphiko. Incazelo yakhe yukuthi abase-Athene basuse amaphiko omamakazi ukuze bamvimbele ukuba angashiyi e-Athene.
Kungenzeka ukuthi, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho ithempeli seliqediwe, udonga olusenyakatho olunezinkanyezi ze-Nikes ezinamaphiko lanezelwe. Amapoli amaningana ale fryze angabonakala eMyuziyamu we-Acropolis, ngaphansi kwe-Acropolis. Omunye wabo, u-Nike ulungisa isicathulo sakhe, owaziwa ngokuthi "I-Sandal Binder" ubonisa unkulunkulukazi odwetshwe embonweni omanzi. Kucatshangwa njengenye yezithombe ezithandeka kakhulu kwi-Acropolis.
- Vakashela i-Acropolis kusuka ngo-8 ekuseni ukuya ku-5: 00 ntambama, ukungena kokugcina ngo-4: 30 ntambama; Ukufakwa kwamanani okugcwele ngo-2018 kungu-20 €. Iphakheji elikhethekile lamathikithi, elihle izinsuku ezinhlanu ngamanani aphelele angu-30 €: kufaka phakathi i-Agora Yase-Athene, i-Archaeological Museum yaseKarameikos, indawo yokuvubukula yaseLykeion, i-Hadrian's Library, iMyuziyamu ye-Ancient Agora (ekhuthazwa kakhulu) emithambekeni ye-Acropolis nezinye izindawo eziningi. Amathikithi amanani okunciphisa nezinsuku zamahhala ziyatholakala. Vakashela iwebhusayithi ukuze uthole imininingwane egcwele.
- Vakashela i-Acropolis Museum kusukela ngo-9 ekuseni ebusika futhi kusukela ngo-8 ekuseni ehlobo. Amahora wokuvala ahlukahluka. Ukwamukelwa jikelele, okutholakala kumamyuziyamu noma ku-Inthanethi, kungu-£ 5. Vakashela iwebhusayithi ukuze uthole ulwazi olugcwele mayelana namahora namanani.
Imifanekiso evelele kunazo zonke ye-Nike ayikho eGrisi nhlobo kodwa ilawula igalari yeLouvre eParis. Eyaziwa njengeVinged Victory, noma i-Winged Victory yaseSamothrace, ithombisa unkulunkulukazi omile emkhunjini wesikebhe. Idalwe cishe ngo-200 BC, mhlawumbe esinye sezifanekiso ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni.