Igama elithi "i-Afrika" liyisenzo esivusa amadlingozi esithuthukisa izithombe ezahlukene kubantu abahlukene. Kwabanye, iyindlovu elinezinyo lwendlovu emile phambi kwezingqimba ze- Mount Kilimanjaro ; Kwabanye, kuyisigodi esithuthuzelayo ekudleni kwehlane lase-Sahara elomile. Liyizwi elinamandla-elikhuluma nge-adventure nokuhlola, inkohlakalo nobubha, inkululeko kanye nemfihlakalo. Kubantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2, igama elithi "Afrika" libuye lifana negama elithi "ikhaya" -ngokuba livelaphi?
Akekho owaziyo ngokuqinisekile, kodwa kule ngqungquthela, sibheka amavesi ambalwa kakhulu.
Umbono wamaRoma
Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi igama elithi "Afrika" livela kumaRoma, athiwa izwe abayitholile ngaphesheya kweMedithera ngemuva kwesizwe saseBergber esihlala endaweni yaseCarthage (manje eyiTunisia yanamuhla). Imithombo ehlukene inikeza izinguqulo ezahlukene zegama lesizwe, kodwa ethandwa kakhulu yi-Afri. Kucatshangwa ukuthi amaRoma athiwa yi-Afri-terra, okusho ukuthi "izwe le-Afri". Kamuva, lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kunesivumelwano sokudala igama elilodwa elithi "Afrika".
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ezinye izazi-mlando ziphakamisa ukuthi isilwane "-ica" sasingasetshenziselwa ukuchaza "umhlaba we-Afri", ngendlela efanayo neCeltica (isifunda seFrance namuhla) esabizwa ngeCeltae, noma AmaCelt ahlala lapho. Kungenzeka nokuthi leli gama laliyi-Roman ngokuchazwa kahle kwegama likaBergber lapho behlala khona.
Igama lesi-berber elithi "ifri" lisho umhume, futhi lingabhekisela endaweni yabemi abahlala emhumeni.
Zonke lezi zindinganiso zithweswa isisindo ngokuthi igama elithi "Afrika" lisetshenziswe kusukela ezikhathini zamaRoma, nakuba okokuqala libhekisela eNyakatho Afrika kuphela .
Umbono waseFenike
Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi igama elithi "Afrika" lithathwe emazwini amabili aseFenike, "friqi" nelithi "pharika".
Ucabanga ukuhumusha njengommbila nezithelo, ukucabanga ukuthi amaFenike amemezela i-Afrika ngokuthi "izwe lommbila nezithelo". Le mbono yenza umqondo - emva kwakho konke, abaseFenike babengabantu basendulo abahlala emizini-dolobha ogwini olusempumalanga yeMedithera (lokho esiyazi manje njengeSiriya, eLebhanon nase-Israel). Babengabahwebi abanomkhumbi nabahamba phambili, futhi babeyowela ulwandle ukuze bathengise nabomakhelwane babo baseGibhithe lasendulo. I- Nile Valley evundiwe yaziwa ngokuthi yi-breadbasket ye-Afrika-indawo enezingxenye ezingaphezu kwesabelo sayo esihle sezithelo nommbila.
Theory Theory
Ezinye izinkolelo eziningana zixhunywe ngesimo sezulu sezwekazi. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi igama elithi "i-Afrika" lisuka egameni lesiGreki elithi "aphrikē", elihumusha ngokuthi "izwe elingenalo ukubandayo nokuthuthumela". Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungaba ukuhluka kwegama lesiRoma elithi "aprica", okusho ukuthi ilanga; noma igama laseFenike "elide", elisho uthuli. Eqinisweni, isimo sezulu se-Afrika asikwazi ukukhiqizwa kalula - emva kwalokho, leli zwekazi linamaphesenti angu-54 kanye nezindawo ezingenakubalwa ezihlukahlukene, kusukela emahlane angenalutho kuya emahlathini ashisayo. Kodwa-ke, izivakashi zasendulo ezivela eMedithera zahlala eNyakatho Afrika, lapho isimo sezulu sihlala sishisa, sishintsha futhi sinezothuli.
I-Africanus Theory
Enye inkolelo ithi leli zwekazi libizwa ngokuthi i-Africus, isikhulu saseYemen esihlasela iNorth Africa esikhathini esithile eminyakeni yesibili BC. Kuthiwa i-Africus isungulwe ukuhlala endaweni yakhe esanda kunqoba, eyayiqamba ngokuthi "Afrikyah". Mhlawumbe isifiso sakhe sokungafi sikhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi wayala ukuthi wonke umhlaba obizwa ngegama lakhe. Kodwa-ke, izenzakalo lapho le ncazelo isekelwe khona esikhathini esidlule ukuthi iqiniso layo manje kunzima ukufakazela.
ITheory Geographical Theory
Le mbono ibonisa ukuthi igama lezwekazi livela ezindaweni ezengeziwe, ezilethwe abadayisi baseNdiya yanamuhla. E-Sanskrit ne-Hindi, igama lempande elithi "Apara", noma i-Afrika, lihumusha ngokuqondile njengendawo "elandelayo". Endaweni yomhlaba, lokhu kungabuye kuhunyushwe njengendawo eya entshonalanga.
I-Horn ye-Afrika yayizoba yindawo yokuqala ehlangene nabahloli bamazwe abawela ngasentshonalanga phezu kwe- Indian Ocean eningizimu yeNdiya.