I-Essential Guide yezindawo eziyisikhombisa eziphezulu zeGibhithe zakudala

Uma uhlela uhambo oluya eGibhithe, yenza isikhathi sokuhlola ingcebo enkulu yasendulo yezwe. Impucuko yaseGibhithe lasendulo yahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 000, ngaleso sikhathi ababusi bayo babonisa imibuso yabo ngokulandelana kwemiklamo yokwakha eyakha kakhulu. Abaqambi baseGibhithe lasendulo babehamba phambili kakhulu kangangokuthi namuhla, eziningi zezikhumbuzo zisaphila - ezinye zazo zibe esimweni esihle kakhulu. Sezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka, imibhoshongo, amathempeli kanye nama-phinx of the pharaohs asekude baye benza umdwebo ongenakugwenywa wezivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke.

Lesi sihloko sibuyekezwe nguJessica Macdonald ngoDisemba wesi-2, 2016.

• 01 kwezingu-10

  Amapiramidi aseGiza

  Ezindaweni ezingaphandle kweCairo , iGiza iqukethe izakhiwo ezintathu zepiramidi ezahlukene. Lezi yiPiramidi Enkulu yeKhufu , iPiramidi Khafre kanye nePiramidi ye-Menkaure. I-Pyramid Enkulu ingenye yezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zezwe lasendulo, kanti yedwa kuphela emile namhlanje. Indlu ngayinye yakha ithuna likaFaro ohlukile waseGibithe, futhi phambi kwabo kukhona uSphinx, ogama lakhe lesi-Arabhu elihunyushwa ngokuthi "uYise Wokwesabisa". Okumangalisa ukuthi lokhu kuqoshwa kwekati kuqoshiwe kusuka kwibhande elilodwa lamatshe. Imipiramidi yaseGiza neSphinx yakhiwa cishe eminyakeni engaba ngu-4 500 eyedlule ngesikhathi sebukhosi besine eMbusweni Omdala waseGibhithe. Kucatshangwa ukuthi iPiramidi yeKhufu yedwa idinga izisebenzi ezingama-20 000 kanye namatshe ayizigidi ezimbili zamatshe.

• 02 kwezingu-10

  I-Karnak Temple Complex

  Ezikhathini zasendulo, i-Karnak Temple Complex yayibizwa ngokuthi "izindawo ezikhethwa kakhulu", futhi yazinikela ekukhulekeleni iNkosi yama-Alls, Amun-Ra. Engxenyeni yedolobha lasendulo laseThebes, lesi sakhiwo sakhiwa cishe eminyakeni engaba ngu-1 500, kusukela esikhathini sikaSenusret I kuya esikhathini sePtolemaic. Kwakuyindawo ebaluleke kunazo zonke yokukhulekela amaThebheni asendulo, futhi namuhla izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi eziqhekeza endaweni enkulu kakhulu elingaphezu kwamahektare angu-240. Ihlanganisa amathempeli amahle, ama-chapel, ama-kiosks, ama-pylons nama-obelisks, konke okuzinikezelwe kunkulunkulu onkulunkulu baseTheban. Kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi yesibili yenkolo yasendulo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kuyilapho i-Hypostyle Hall eThempelini Elikhulu lase-Amun ibhekwa njengenye yezobuchwepheshe ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke.

• 03 ka-10

  Ithempeli laseLuxor

  Ithempeli laseLuxor lihlala ebhange elingasempumalanga yeNayile maphakathi neLuxor , idolobha elaziwa ezikhathini zasendulo njengeThebes. Ukwakhiwa kwaqalwa nguFaro New Kingdom u-Amenophis III cishe ngo-1392 BC, futhi wagcwaliswa nguRamesses II. Ithempeli lalisetshenziselwa ukugubha imikhosi nemikhuba, kuhlanganise nomkhosi weTheban wonyaka we-Opet. Phakathi nalolu mkhosi, izithombe zika-Amun-Ra, umkakhe uMut kanye nomntanakho uKhonsu zithathwe emaphoyiseni ukusuka eKarnak kuya eLuxor ekugubheni umshado nokuzala. Ithempeli laseLuxor lahlala njengethempeli ngaphansi kwamaGreki namaRoma, lalikade libe isonto, futhi namuhla umkhosi wamaSulumane uhlala kwelinye lamahholo alo. Ithempeli laseLuxor lihle kakhulu ebusuku ngakho kufanelekile ukuvakashela isayithi ekushoneni kwelanga.

• 04 kwezingu-10

  Valley of the Kings

  Kusukela ngekhulu le-16 kuya kweleshumi le-11 BC, oFaro baseGibhithe bashiya umqondo wemipiramidi njengendawo yokungcwaba futhi banquma ukugubha emva kokufa eMfuleni wamaKhosi. Isigodi sibhekene noLuxor ogwini olusentshonalanga loMfula iNayile . Lapha, amaharahara ayekhamuziwe futhi angcwatshwa emathuneni ajulile kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo ezizithandayo nempahla engcwele. Kulawa, ithuna likaTutankhamun mhlawumbe lidumile kunazo zonke - kodwa kuze kube yimanje, kungatholakali amathuna namakamelo angaphansi kuka-64 ngaphakathi kwesigodi. IsiGodi saseQueens sisekugcineni kweseningizimu ye-necropolis, okuyilapho abaphathikazi nabantwana babo bebuzwa khona. Amathuna amaningi atholakala lapha, kuhlanganise neNdlovukazikazi kaRamesses II, uNkk Nefertari.

• 05 ka-10

  Abu Simbel

  Ezindaweni eseningizimu yeGibhithe, i-Abu Simbel ithempeli liyinkimbinkimbi enkulu kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Amathempeli ekuqaleni aqoshwe edwaleni eliqinile ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaRamesses II. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kwakhiwa ukugubha ukunqoba kwenkosi phezu kwamaHeti e-Battle of Kardesh. Ithempeli Elikhulu lingamamitha angu-30/30 ubude futhi linemidwebo emine yezinhlamvu zikaRamesses ezihlezi esihlalweni sakhe sobukhosi egqoke imiqhele ye-Lower and Upper Egypt. Ithempeli elincane lizinikezelwe kumkaRamesses, uNefertari. Ngemuva kokuthi idamu lase-Aswan lakhiwa ngawo-1960, indawo yokuvubukula yaqedwa yaba yizicabha ezinkulu, okwakususwa kwenye indawo ibe yindawo ephakeme futhi yahlanganiswa ukuze ivikele ukulimala kwamanzi.

• 06 kwangu-10

  I-Pyramid ye-Djoser

  I-Pyramid yase Djoser itholakala enqabeni yaseSaqqara yaseNigeria yaseNigeria yaseMexico. Yakhiwe ngekhulu le-27 leminyaka BC, yiyona piramidi yokuqala eyaziwayo, futhi izingxenye zayo ezibekwe phansi zaba yimbonelo yama-pyramid e-sleeker, ebushelelezi ezindaweni ezinjengeGiza. Yenzelwe ukubamba izinsalela zikaFaro Djoser ngumdwebi wakhe, u-Imhotep, owabeka izici eziningana ngezindlela zakhe ezintsha. Ngamamitha angu-204 / amamitha angu-63 kwakuyisakhiwo esiphezulu sesikhathi saso, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi siyisibonelo esiphezulu sezakhiwo zokwakha zamatshe. Ngenxa yokuphumelela kwakhe okukhulu, u-Imhotep kamuva waboniswa njengonkulunkulu wezakhiwo zabaqambi nodokotela. Ngesikhathi sawo, le phiramidi yayiyobe igcwele i-limestone emhlophe epholile.

• 07 kwangu-10

  Ithempeli likaHorus e-Edfu

  Ithempeli likaHorus e-Edfu libhekwa njengelona eligcinwe kahle kakhulu kuzo zonke izikhumbuzo zaseGibhithe zasendulo. Yakhiwa phakathi kuka-237 no-57 BC ngesikhathi sobukhosi basePtolemaic, futhi ihlonipha unkulunkulu oyisihloko esiyinhloko uHorus. UHorus wafeza indima ehlukahlukene, futhi wayeyaziwa ngokuthi unkulunkulu wezulu kanye noNkulunkulu wempi nokuzingela. Izakhiwo zethempelini zinkulu, futhi zinezimpikane ezihlaba umxhwele nezindlu zokuzalwa, ezinemifanekiso emihle nemidwebo ebonisa izindaba ezihlukahlukene zikaHorus. Ukubhaliswa okubizwa ngokuthi imibhalo yokwakha nakho kwagcinwa futhi kubika umlando wokwakhiwa kwethempeli. I-Edfu itholakala cishe phakathi kwe-Aswan no-Luxor, futhi iyimithi ejwayelekile kakhulu emifuleni ye- Nile River .

• 08 kwezingu-10

  Ithempeli laseKom Ombo

  Ithempeli laseKom Ombo lingavamile ngoba liyithempeli eliphindwe kabili, elinemizuzu emibili eyingqayizivele ezinikezelwe kunkulunkulu onkulunkulu ababili abahlukene. Ingxenye eyodwa idluliselwe kuHorus the Elder, Tasenetnofret kanye nezingane zabo panebtawy. Lesinye isigamu sinikezelwe kuSobbek, ingwenya yendalo nokuzala, nomndeni wakhe uHathor noKhonsu. Amathempeli ahlaba umxhwele ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokulinganisa kwawo okuphelele futhi ngenxa yendawo yabo enhle yomfula. Ukwakhiwa kwaqaliswa uPtolemy VI Philometor ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesibili BC. Zombili amathempeli zibonisa onkulunkulu bazo kanye nemindeni yabo futhi zakhiwa ngokusebenzisa isihlabathi sendawo. Amathempeli anikeza izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zama-hieroglyphs, amakholomu aqoshiwe kanye nezinhlawulo.

• 09 kwezingu-10

  Ithempeli laseDendera

  Isakhiwo seDendera sithembele kwelinye lamathempeli aseGibhithe lasendulo alondolozwe kakhulu, iThempeli likaHathor. UHathor wayengunkulunkulukazi wothando, umama nenjabulo, evame ukuboniswa ngendlela yenkomo ene-sun disc. Ithempeli likaHathor lakhiwa ngesikhathi sobukhosi bamaPtolema, nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi izisekelo kungenzeka zibekwe eMbusweni ophakathi. Kuyinkimbinkimbi enkulu, ehlanganisa ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-430,500 square / 40,000 square meters. I-Dendera Zodiac ivela kule sayithi, futhi kukhona eminye imidwebo emihle kanye nezinhlawulo zokuhlanganisa, kufaka phakathi ukuvezwa kukaCleopatra nendodana yakhe eKhesarion. Ithempeli lisenyakatho yeLuxor futhi livame ukuyeka kuqala labo abahamba ngomfula iNayile.

• 10 kwangu-10

  Ithempeli lase-Isis

  Ithempeli lase-Isis lakhiwa esiqhingini saseFilae, lapho inkolo ka-Isis ibuyela khona ekhulwini lesi-7 BC. Ithempeli lanamuhla libuye lafika ngo-370 BC, kanti izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zaqala nguPtolemy II Philadelphus futhi wanezela kuze kufike umbusi waseRoma waseDiocletian. Izindawo ezingcwele nezindawo ezingcwele eduze kwethempeli elikhulu zigubha izinkulunkulu ezibandakanyeka ku-Isis no-Osiris inganekwane. UFilae wayengenye yezindawo zokugcina zenkolo yaseGibhithe, esaphila amakhulu amabili eminyaka emva kokuba uMbuso WaseRoma uguquke ebuKristwini. Unkulunkulukazi womama nokuzala, u-Isis wayengunkulunkulu owaziwayo ogama lakhe lalisakazeka kulo lonke umbuso waseRoma naphesheya. Namuhla, ithempeli lihanjiswe eSigungwini sase-Agilkia ukuvimbela ukukhukhula.