Indlela yokubona i-Unicorn Tapestries eNew York, eParis naseScotland

Ihlukanisa imfihlakalo yemlando yobuciko obuneminyaka engu-500 ubudala

Njengoba engasindanga iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu empi nempi, i-Unicorn Tapestries manje isilondekile ezindongeni zeMet Cloisters , igatsha eliphakathi laMetropolitan Museum of Art eNew York. Bafaka umbukeli emahlathini asendulo njengoba indaba yokuzingela i-unicorn iveza indawo-by-scene, emifanekisweni elandelanayo eyenzelwe ukumboza ngokuphelele izindonga zendlu yokuvuselela kabusha. Izigcawu zikhombisa abazingeli baxosha i-unicorn emasimini nasemasimini ukuze nabo babe nempumputhe, nokuhlanza.

Okuncane okungaziwa noma okuqondakalayo nge-Tapestries. Imibono igcwele, kodwa akukho umdwebo, incazelo noma irisidi ekhona kulokho okwakungenzeka iphrojekthi yonyaka eminingi eyenziwa ngabaningi bezobuciko emazweni amabili. Isethi e-Met Cloisters ebizwa ngokuthi " I-Hunt ye-Unicorn " iyimfihlakalo enkulu kakhulu.

E- Musée Cluny e-Paris , kunesethi ehlukile yezintambo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Unicorn Tapestries, kodwa zibizwa ngokuthi " i-Lady ne-Unicorn ". Lezi zicatshangwa ukuthi zenziwe ngo-1480, futhi enkantolo yaseFrance, kodwa empeleni, akekho owaziyo ukuthi zisho ukuthini noma ukuthi zaziphi ekuqaleni, kuphela ukuthi ingubo yezingalo zikaJean le Viste, inkosikazi yayihlanganisiwe.

"I-Lady ne-Unicorn" yahlelwa yayaziwa ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, kodwa kwaze kwaze kwaba yilapho umlobi uPrasper Mérimée ebona khona ngo-1841 futhi wakhumbula isimo sabo sokuncipha. Khona-ke umlobi uGeorge Sand wawaqaphela futhi ngo-1847 wabhala isihloko ngabo, esiboniswe ngemidwebo eyenziwe yindodana yakhe. Kakhulu kabili wanyathelisa izingqikithi mayelana ne "Lady and the Unicorn," kuze kube yilapho iKhomishane yeziMemezelo zeMlando zizithenga ngo-1882 ukuze zihlale e-Musee des Thermes.

Ukuchazwa kwezigcawu zendodakazikazi, intombazane, izinja, i-monkey ne-unicorn yande, kodwa njenge-Unicorn Tapestries e-Cloisters, akukho mbono eyodwa eyamukelwa kabanzi. Abanye abantu bathi iyinkolelo yezinzwa ezinhlanu. Abanye bathi badala umkhathi wensimu ehlanganisiwe elele ezindongeni zokulala. Kodwa ubani? Incwadi ethi "The Lady and the Unicorn" nguTracy Chevalier yikuhlolisisa okuyimfihlakalo.

Sekuyiminyaka engaba yishumi nantathu efunda futhi efundisa nge "The Hunt for Unicorn" Tapestries, ngithemba ukuthi uzokujabulela lokhu kuphazamiseka kwemfihlakalo eyenza lezi tapestries ezinhle kakhulu ezikhangayo nakakhulu.

• 01 ka 09

  I-Unicorn Tapestries yenziwa cishe ngo-1500. Mhlawumbe.

  Usuku olunikezwe ekudalweni kwe-Unicorn Tapestries kusekelwe kumfashini. Isihlangu esikhwameni esinezikwele sizocaca, sigqoke abazingeli abaningana abafanekiselwa ku-Unicorn Tapestries eyaziwa eFrance phakathi kuka-1495 no-1505.

  Akekho owaziyo ukuthi ubani owenziwe ama-Tapestries, kuphi noma kungani enza khona. Awekho ama-sketches wokulungiselela, amanothi noma ama-akhawunti abhaliwe mayelana nendawo ababengaba khona ngayo. I-cartoon (imephu yokulungiselela yabakhiqizi) ayisekho. Akukho lutho olusala kulokho okumele kube yile ncwadi ebanzi phakathi komphathi, umdayisi oqoshiwe ozobe eqondisa ikhomishana, kanye ne-workshop ekugcineni eyabakhiqiza. Akukho lutho .

  Kodwa nansi into; Ama-Tapestries ayeyizithombe ezithandekayo kakhulu, ezibiza kakhulu ongayithola phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi. Namuhla, iminyuziyamu enama-tapestries ngokuvamile iwabonisa ngokwahlukana nokudweba nokudweba, ukubeka eceleni imibukiso emibili yesigcawu ebizwa ngokuthi "Ubuciko bokuhlobisa." Lokhu akulona ubulungisa ngenxa yomzamo nomsebenzi owenziwe kuma-tapestries, ungabi nhlobo isimo egcinwe futhi ithunyelwe.

• 02 ka 09

  I-Unicorn Tapestries yabiwe ngesikhathi se-Revolution yesiFulentshi

  Ngo-1793, abalimi abavukelayo e-French Revolution badiliza iminyango ye-chateau yaseRochefoucauld eVerteuil ukuphanga umndeni waseFulentshi ohloniphekile wezingcebo zabo ezivelele. Umbhoshongo wasenyakatho wawushiswe emgwaqweni wabo wokubhujiswa okuphelele. Esikhundleni sokushiya ama-Tapestries ukushisa, abaqashiwe bababa. Isiliva negolide okuthiwa izintambo ezigqokile zivame ukukhishwa emathinterri afanayo ngokuzibeka emlilweni. Ngenxa yokuthi lo mkhuba wawuvamile, i-Unicorn Tapestries yayicatshangwa ukuthi ihambe.

  Kodwa eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha kamuva, elinye ilungu lomndeni waseRochefoucauld lalizama ukuhlanganisa kabusha ingcebo ebibiwe ngesikhathi se-Revolution. (Umlando wezingane uthi izigqoko ezilahlekile zithi ziboshwe ngomshado kaFrancois VI Rochefoucauld noMarie du Barbizon.)

  Uphenyo luholele enqolobaneni lapho owesifazane echaze khona "amakhethini amadala" umyeni wakhe ayekade egcinwe enqolobaneni. Lapho wathola i-Unicorn Tapestries ekhonza njengezingubo eziqothukile, eziqothukile, kodwa ikakhulukazi ezingaguquki, ezimboza amabhedi ezinhlobo zemifino. Zonakaliswe kakhulu emaphethelweni futhi zigcwele izimbobo, kodwa ziningi kakhulu.

• 03 ka 09

  I-Unicorn Tapestries yaphela kanjani eNew York City?

  Ngo-1925 i-Unicorn Tapestries yashiya iFrance okokuqala ngqá isakhiwo segalari eManhattan. U-Philanthropist kanye nomqoqo wezobuciko uJohn D. Rockefeller, Jr, wababona futhi bafisa ukuba nabakho nakuba bengengathengiswa.

  Ngenhlanhla, umculi nomculi wezobuciko uGeorge Gray Barnard, oqoqo lakhe eliyisisekelo sama-Met Cloisters anamuhla, angene ukuxoxisana. Njengoba esebenze njengesikhangiso sabathengi bezobuciko baseMelika, wayazi ukuthi umndeni wakwaRouchfoucald wayefisa ukuhambisana nemfashini yeminye imindeni ehloniphekile yaseFrance futhi wakhe iklasi yegalufu elincane endaweni yabo. Ukuthengiswa kwaqhekeka futhi ama-Unicorn Tapestries ashiya iFrance ngokuhle.

  Ekuqaleni baboniswa emzini kaRockefeller nge-54th Street. UDavid Rockefeller uchaza ukunikeza uhambo lwe-Unicorn Tapestries ezihambelweni zomshado kadadewabo lapho eneminyaka engu-8 nje kuphela ubudala.

  Lapho i-Met Cloisters eyakhiwa nguRockefeller, umgcini-zimoto uJames Rorimer (owazi ukuthi u-Matt Damon u-"The Monuments Men") wabeka i-slip ephepheni emfanekisweni wezithombe ezifunda "Unicorn Tapestries." U-Rockefeller wabe eseqiniseka ukuthi uzobanika emnyuziyamu omusha njengesipho.

• 04 ka 09

  Kuthathe isikhathi esingakanani ukwenza ama-Tapestries akwa-Unicorn?

  Impendulo emfushane: Isikhathi eside ngempela.

  Nansi impendulo ende: Ama-workshops aseBelgium naseNyakatho France ayesebenza ngokuphawulekayo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16 leminyaka lapho i-tapestry eqoshwe ngobuciko yayiwuphawu olucacile lwezimpahla namandla. Izindlwana zazivame ukuhlotshaniswa kancane uma ibhonon, isikhulu noma i-regent yayingekho yokuhlala, kodwa lapho befika, ama-tapestries ayengaxoshwa, abuyisele imfudumalo nokuphila.

  Umdwebi wadala umklamo wangempela, ozobe uhanjiswa kumuntu odweba odwebeni lweoli. Lokho kungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka.

  Isinyathelo esilandelayo, i-cartoon ingenziwa, ngezinye izikhathi ngumsizi esitolo sabadwebi, esingaba yimephu ye-weaver. I-cartoon yayiyigugu kakhulu, njengoba ingasetshenziswa izikhathi eziningi, futhi imiklamo ingahle ishintshwe futhi ishintshwe ngamathangi aqoshiwe. Babebaluleke kangangokuthi abathengisi be-tapestry bazobamba iqhaza, bakwazi ukuphatha kahle futhi baxoxisane nohambo lwama-cartoons kusukela e-workshop yomdwebi okungenzeka ukuthi yikuphi eYurophu, kulabo abaqhamukayo eBelgium, kodwa naseNorthern France. I-cartoon, ukuqasha umthengisi we-tapestry kanye nokuxoxisana nokuhamba kungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka.

  Uma nje ama-tapestries efika emasifundini okusika, yonke uboya bekuzodingeka udaywe. Khona-ke, ekugcineni, abakhiqizi bebezofaka ama-looms amakhulu, futhi basebenzise i-warp kanye ne-weft ukuze bafake ama-tapestries nama-cartoon aphethwe phansi ngaphansi kweziqondiso zabo. Lesi sigaba sithembele ekukhanyeni kwemvelo okungatholakali ngesikhathi sasekuseni eNyakatho Yurophu. Futhi njengabaqashi bokukhokha, kwakukhona amahora ngamaholide lapho i-workshop izovalwa khona. Ngakho lesi sigaba sidinga iminyaka eminingana yomsebenzi. Ngezinsuku zezinsuku, umculi we-tapestry wekhono onamandla kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi akhiqize ucezu lwezintambo ezincane kunesayizi yesandla sakho.

  Nasi ividiyo emangalisa isikhathi esiphuthumayo se-tapestry eyenziwe.

• 05 ka 09

  Ngo-1500 wonke umuntu wayekholelwa ukuthi ama-unicorns ayengempela

  Ngo-1500 ama-unicorns wonke umuntu owayekholelwa ukuthi ama-unicorns ayengempela. Ngokungafani ne-centaur noma i-minotaur eyavela emlandweni, i-unicorn yavela ekutadisheni isayensi yemvelo futhi yaqale yabonakala eNdiya ngumlobi ongumGreki uCtesias ekhulwini lesi-5 BCE. Njengomdlalo wocingo, izincazelo ze-unicorn zashintsha ukubukeka kwakhe ehhashi elibomvu elinamabala obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esidalwa esilula esimhlophe sehhashi esiboniswe ukuhlanza umfula wamanzi nophondo lwakhe ku-Unicorn Tapestries. UJulius Caesar wathi ama-unicorns agijimela eGaul. Lapho abahloli bamaSpain bebuyela eYurophu kusukela ekuhlolweni kwabo baseMelika, bathi ama-unicorns agijima eNew World.

  Emaphepheni we-Met Cloisters, izigcawu zingachazwa njengezindaba zokuzingela (nge-unicorn esikhundleni se-stag), inkolelo yendoda ethandekayo esenzweni se-chivalric ukufakazela ukuthi uyabaluleka kubathandekayo bakhe, futhi Ukukhathazeka kukaKristu.

  Bheka ukuthi kukhona abazingeli abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili abaqoqa emthonjeni, kodwa eyodwa kuphela ekhomba i-unicorn? NguJuda.

• 06 ka 09

  Kungani kukhona ama-Unicorn Tapestries eScotland?

  I-West Dean Weavers yilabo abenzi be-tapestry abavela eNgilandi ababethunywe ngasese ukuba bakhiqize ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-"Hunt for the Unicorn" ukuze bahlale e-Stirling Castle eScotland.

  Umqashi wayephefumulelwe inkolelo-mlando eyayibanjwe izazi-mlando zaseScotland ukuthi lo mdwebo we-James V wayeyi-Unicorn Tapestries, esefikile eScotland ngomshado wakhe omncane, ongekho emthethweni kuMadeleine waseValois. Babuyiselwa eFrance ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ngokubambisana neRochefoucauld, okwathi kamuva wabafaka emlandweni wabo womndeni.

  Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-10, abakhiqizi be-West Dean bavakashele ama-Met Cloisters ukwenza amathangi amasha, babala amachashazi futhi bafunde ngokujulile isethi yasekuqaleni. Besebenzisa ama-tapestries njengoba bekwenziwe ngekhulu le-16. Namuhla baziqhenya ngokuziqhenya e-Stirling Castle.

• 07 ka 09

  Ngicabanga ukuthi ngibone le mifanekiso e-Harry Potter!

  Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Unicorn e-Captivity," idume kakhulu kunazo zonke. Kusemakhakheni e-museum, izikhwama zezintambo, ama-t-shirts i-kit yokudayiswa ukuthi ugogo wonke umuntu ubekhona kuma-70s futhi yebo, ku-Harry Potter neHalf Blood Prince. "

  Ngaphandle kwezigcawu zokuzingela, lo millefleur oqoshiwe ongahambisani kahle nomunye umjikelezo uhlala uzungeza ucingo olubiziwe, unamathele esihlahleni esinamahalananda avuthiwe akhula emagatsheni awo. Zinezimbewu ezinamanzi eziwela emzimbeni wakhe, futhi zibonakala njengeziphahla zegazi. Igcwele isimboli, kodwa ngaphandle kokulandisa. Into ehlanganisayo le-tapestry eya kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuthi "Hunt for the Unicorn" iyisimo esingaqondakali esibukeka njenge-A nangemuva E eboshwe kanye nethambo. Izazi ziye zazama ukuhumusha lezi zincwadi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-140, kodwa akukho mqondo oye wamukelwa ngempumelelo.

• 08 ka 09

  Indlela yokuvakashela i-Cloisters, i-Cluny ne-Stirling Castle

  Ama-Cloisters we-Met

  I-Fort Tryon Park, eNew York, NY 10040

  Amahora: Mashi-Okthoba: 10 ekuseni-5: 15 pm, ngoMeyi 27-Septemba 2, 2016: Vula ngaseLwesihlanu kuze ku-7: 30 ntambama.

  NgoNovemba-February: 10 ekuseni-4: 45 pm

  Usuku lokubonga lokuvala, u-Disemba 25, noJanuwari 1

  Iziphakamiso : Ama-$ 25 Aphakanyisiwe, Abantu abadala, ama-$ 17, Abafundi abangu-12, Abantwana abangaphansi kuka-12 namalungu amahhala

  I-Musée de Cluny- I-National Museum ye-Middle Ages
  6, beka uPaul Painlevé
  75005 eParis

  Amahora: Nsuku zonke, ngoLwesibili ivaliwe, kusukela ngo-9: 15 ekuseni kuya ku-5: 45 ntambama.

  Desk ivala ngo-5: 15 ntambama.
  Kuvaliwe ngo-1 Januwari, 1 Meyi no-25 kuDisemba.

  Ukungena: Inani eligcwele: 8 € (9 € ngesikhathi sembukiso yesikhashana)
  Imvume: 6 € (7 € ngesikhathi sembukiso yesikhashana)
  Ikhululekile kubantu base-UE abangaphansi kuka-26
  Ikhululekile kuwo wonke umuntu ngeSonto lokuqala lwenyanga ngayinye

  I-Stirling Castle

  I-Castle Esplanade, i-Stirling, i-FK8 1E

  Amahora: Nsuku zonke, 1 Apr - 30 Septemba 9: 30-6pm 1 Oct - 31 Mar 9: 30-5pm

  Ukwamukelwa: Abadala (ama-16 kuya kwangu-59) ama-£ 14.50, Ingane (ama-5 kuya kwangu-15) I-£ 8.70, Imvume (60 yrs + futhi engasebenzi) * £ 11.60

• 09 ka 09

  Iyiphi indaba ama-Unicorn Tapestries eParis athi?

  Iqoqo lama-tapestries futhi ngokuvamile elibhekwa ngokuthi "I-Unicorn Tapestries" libizwa ngokuthi "i-Lady ne-Unicorn". Lezi zindawo cishe zazivotshwe cishe ngo-1500 futhi zinemvelaphi ehlukile ngokungaqondakali. Amaphethini aseParis awuhlobo oluvame ukuboniswa ekamelweni lokulala lomfazi ukuze kube nomphumela wokuba ngaphakathi kwensimu ehlanganisiwe. Izithombe ezihlukahlukene zezintombikazi, intombazane encane, i-unicorn, izinja, i-monkey nezinye izidalwa kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi kube yinto engokomqondo wezinzwa ezinhlanu, kodwa akusikho ukuvumelana okucacile phakathi kwabafundi.