Phakathi kokusabalalisa okusheshayo kwegciwane leZIka kulo lonke elaseLatin America, abanye baye babuza ukuthi ngabe iMidlalo yama-Olympic yasehlobo ka-2016 kufanele ikhanseliwe. Imidlalo yama-Olimpiki ihlelwe ukuthi izokwenzeka eRio de Janeiro ngo-Agasti. Kodwa-ke, ukulungiselela iMidlalo yama-Olympic sekuvele kunenkinga ngezizathu eziningana. Izinkohlakalo zenkohlakalo, imibhikisho kanye nokungcola kwamanzi eRio yizinye zezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu, kodwa igciwane leZika eBrazil seliqale ingxoxo mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukukhansela iMidlalo yama-Olympic.
I-virus yeZika yaqaphela kuqala eBrazil ngonyaka odlule, kodwa isakaze ngokushesha ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili: okokuqala, ngoba igciwane lisha elisezindaweni ezisentshonalanga, ngakho-ke, abantu abanalo igciwane lesifo; futhi okwesibili, ngoba umiyane ophethe lesi sifo ugcwele kakhulu eBrazil. Umiyane lwe-Aedes aegypti, uhlobo lomiyane obangela ukuthumela iZika kanye namagciwane afana namangqamuzana afaka i-dengue ne-yellow fever, evame ukuhlala ngaphakathi emakhaya futhi akhala kakhulu emini. Ingabeka amaqanda emanzini amancane amancane, kuhlanganise nama-saucers ngaphansi kwezindlu, izidlo zezilwane, namanzi aqoqa kalula ngaphandle, njengezitshalo ze-bromeliad kanye nama-tarps epulasitiki.
Ukukhathazeka ngoZika kuye kwakhula ngenxa yesikhangiso esicatshangwayo phakathi kukaZika kanye namacala we-microcephaly ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Noma kunjalo, isixhumanisi asikaze siboniswe. Okwamanje, abesifazane abakhulelwe baye bacekwa ukuba bagweme ukuya ezindaweni lapho igciwane leZika lisakazeka khona.
Ingabe iMidlalo yama-Olimpiki yohlobo luka-2016 eRio de Janeiro kufanele ikhanseliwe? Ngokusho kweKomiti yama-Olimpiki, cha. Nazi izizathu ezinhlanu ezingase zikhonjiswe ekungaxosheni iMidlalo yama-Olimpiki yasehlobo ka-2016 ngenxa yegciwane leZika.
Izizathu ama-Olympic akufanele akhanselwe:
1. Isimo sezulu esishisayo:
Naphezu kwegama elithi "Imidlalo Yama-Olimpiki Ehlobo," u-Agasti ubusika eBrazil.
Umswakama we-Aedes aegypti ukhula emoyeni oshisayo, omanzi. Ngakho-ke, ukusakazwa kwegciwane kufanele kuphuze njengoba kudlula ihlobo futhi kupholile, isimo sezulu esishisayo sifika.
2. Ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kweZika ngaphambi kweMidlalo yama-Olimpiki
Njengoba iMidlalo yama-Olympic isondela futhi yesaba ukukhula ngaphezu kwezinguquko zikaZika ezinganeni ezingakazalwa, izikhulu zaseBrazil ziye zathatha isongo ngokubaluleke kakhulu ngezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuvimbela ukusakazwa kwegciwane. Njengamanje, leli lizwe ligxile ekuvimbeleni umiyane ngomsebenzi wamabutho ahlomile, ahamba ngendlu ngendlu ukuze aqede amanzi amile futhi afundise abahlali ngokuvimbela umiyane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo lapho iMidlalo yama-Olympic izokwenziwa khona ilashwa ukuvimbela ukusakazwa kwegciwane kulezo zindawo.
3. Ukugwema iZika phakathi neMidlalo yama-Olimpiki
Abahambi abaza emidlalweni yama-Olympic bangavimbela ukusabalala kwesifo ngokungenwa yi-HIV. Ukuze benze kanjalo, kuzodingeka basebenzise njalo izindlela ezinhle zokuvimbela ngenkathi eBrazil. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa izimpukane ezisebenzayo (bheka izincomo zokugulisa umiyane ), ukugqoka izingubo ezinomikhono omdala nezicathulo (kunokuba izicathulo noma izicathulo), uhlala ezindaweni zokuhlala kanye namafasitela ahlolwe, futhi ususe amanzi okuma ehhotela igumbi.
Ukuvimbela ukulunywa kwezinambuzane eBrazil kuyinto okufanele abagibeli baqaphele. Ngenkathi i-Zika igciwane lingase libe elisha eBrazil, izwe selivele seliyizifo ezithathelwana umiyane kuhlanganise ne-dengue ne-yellow fever, futhi kwakukhona isifo se-dengue ngo-2015. Lezi zifo zinezimpawu ezingathí sina futhi zingabangela ukufa ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu , ngakho-ke abahambi kufanele baqaphele ingozi engaba khona ezindaweni abazohlala kuzo futhi baqaphele uma kunesidingo. Lezi zifo azihambanga ngokugcwele kuzo zonke izingxenye zaseBrazil - isibonelo, i-CDC ayincoma ukugonywa kwe-yellow fever eRio de Janeiro ngoba lesi sifo asikho lapho.
4. Imibuzo engaphenduliwe mayelana nemiphumela kaZika
I-virus yeZika yabizwa ngokuthi i-World Health Organisation ephuthumayo emhlabeni wonke ngemuva kokuthi izikhulu zithole ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kweZika kanye ne-spike ezimweni zokukhubazeka okubelethwe i-microcephaly eBrazil.
Noma kunjalo, ukuxhumana phakathi kweZika ne-microcephaly kunzima ukufakazela. Inkonzo yezempilo yaseBrazil isanda kukhishwa izibalo ezilandelayo: kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2015, kube khona amacala angu-5,079 asolwa ngokuyi-microcephaly. Kulabo, kwamacala angu-462, kanti amacala angu-462 aqinisekisiwe, kuphela angu-41 kuphela axhunyiwe ku-Zika. Ngaphandle kokuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwegciwane nokwanda kwamacala amancane kungase kuboniswe, akunakwenzeka ukuthi iMidlalo yama-Olympic izokhanselwa.
5. Ukugcina usongo lukaZika ngendlela efanele
Kube sekukhathazeka ukuthi igciwane leZika lizosakaza ngenxa yabantu abathintekayo ababuya emidlalweni yama-Olympic. Nakuba lokhu kukukhathazeka kwangempela, kungenzeka ukuthi iZika ukusabalalisa ikhona kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Uhlobo lwemiyane ephethe i-Zika aluhlali ezindaweni ezipholile, ngakho-ke iningi lama-United States ne-Europe ngeke libe yindawo enamandla yokuzalisa igciwane. Igciwane selivele likhona ezindaweni eziningi ze-Afrika, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eziqhingini zaseNingizimu Pacific, futhi manje eLatin America. Abantu abavela emazweni lapho izinyosi ze- Aedes ezikhona khona kufanele ziqaphele ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela umlingo wokuluma ngenkathi eRio de Janeiro ukuze amathuba okubuyisela iZika emazweni abo azonciphisa.
Ngenxa yokuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kukaZika nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, abesifazane abakhulelwe bayelulekwa ngokuhamba ngezindawo ezithathelwanayo. Ngaphandle komthelela ongakwenzeka emabhokisini, izimpawu zikaZika ziba mnene kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa namagciwane afana ne-dengue, chikungunya, ne-yellow fever, kanti kuphela abantu abangaba ngu-20% abanesandulela ngculazi.
Kodwa-ke, abantu abaya eBrazil emidlalweni yama-Olympic kufanele bazi ukuthi indlela igciwane leZika lingadluliselwa ngayo. Bangase bathole igciwane futhi uma bebuyela ezweni lakubo abanegciwane okwamanje bekhona ohlelweni lwabo, bangase basakaze lesi sifo ngokulunywa yizinyosi ze- Aedes ezingase zidlulisele kwabanye igciwane. Inombolo encane yamacala e-Zika adluliselwa ngamathe, ubulili, negazi kuye kwabikwa.