Izibalo zisho ukuthi udlame luvame kakhulu, kodwa lubulalayo kancane.
Ekuseni ekuseni ngeSonto, ngoJuni 12, ibhuloho elilodwa langena e-nightclub e-Orlando, Fla., Futhi laqala ukuthi yini ezoba isenzo esisodwa sokufa kwesibhamu emlandweni wanamuhla waseMelika. Lapho isimo siphelile, kwabulawa abantu abangu-49, nabanye abaningi balimala.
Nakuba ubudlova bungadlulela noma yikuphi emhlabeni , ukudubula okuyisisindo yisimo esiyingqayizivele esibonakala sithinta i-United States ngaphezu kwanoma yikuphi okunye emhlabeni.
Lokhu kuhlaselwa ngokuvamile kuvame ukuxwayisa futhi kungabonakala kungavinjelwe ngokuphelele. Ngabe abahambeli abaningi bahloselwe ukuhamba kulo nyaka, ingabe ukuhamba ekhaya kuyisongo esikhulu kunokuhamba kwamazwe ngamazwe?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahambaphi abasafufusa banamuhla, izinto ezingcono kakhulu abangazipakisha ulwazi nolwazi. Imizamo elandelayo yokuphendula imibuzo eminye evame ukubuzwa mayelana nodlame lwezibhamu e-United States.
Abantu Bangaki Ababulawa Izibhamu E-United States Unyaka Wonke?
Ngokwesifundo se-2013 samaCenter for Disease Control, abantu abangu-11 208 e-United States babulawa besebenzisa isibhamu. Ngenxa yokuzibulala, amaphesenti angu-69.5 agcwaliswe esebenzisa isibhamu.
Ngokuphelele, i-CDC itholakale abantu abangu-33 636 babulawa ngesibhamu e-United States ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngokubheka inani labantu baseMelika, abantu abangu-10,6 abantu abangu-100 000 babulawa ngesibhamu ngonyaka.
Kuzo zonke izifo ezihlobene nokulimala, izibhamu zazibhekiswe kumaphesenti angu-17,4 okushona okubikiwe.
Kodwa-ke, inani labantu ababulewe isibhamu ngo-2013 laliphansi kunezinye izinhlobo zokufa okuhlobene nokulimala e-United States. Phakathi naleso sikhathi esifanayo, abantu abaningi bafa ezingozini zezimoto (ukufa kuka-33 804) nangenxa yobuthi (abashonile abangu-48,545).
Zingaki Ukudutshulwa KwamaMisa KwamaMelika Kuyenzeka Unyaka Wonke?
Ngeshwa, akekho impendulo eqondile yokuthi zingaki ukudubula okukhulu kanye nezimo "zokudubula ezisebenzayo" ezenzeka e-United States. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinhlangano ezihlukene zinezincazelo eziphikisanayo zokuthi yini efanelekile kumcimbi ngamunye.
Ngokusho kwe-Federal Bureau of Investigation's Study of Active Shooter Izigameko e-United States Phakathi kuka-2000 no-2013 , ukudubula okusebenzayo kuchazwa ngokuthi: "umuntu ohlanganyela ngokuzibulala noma ezama ukubulala abantu endaweni ephethwe futhi enezindawo eziningi." Ngokusho umbiko we-2014, izimo ezingu-160 "zokudubula ezisebenzayo" zenzeke phakathi kuka-2000 no-2013, ngokwesilinganiso sezingu-11 ngonyaka. Kuzo zonke izenzakalo ze-"shooter esebenzayo", inani labantu abangu-486 libulewe, lilinganiselwa kubantu abathathu ngesigameko ngasinye.
Kodwa-ke, i-Archive Violence Archive ekhonjiwe kabanzi, egcinwa yinkampani engeyona inzuzo, ithi kukhona okungaphezu kuka-350 "ukudubula okukhulu" e-United States ngo-2015. Leli qembu lichaza "ukudubula okukhulu" njengesigameko lapho okungenani abantu abane babulawa noma balimala, kuhlanganise nomenzi wobugebengu. Ngokombiko wabo, abantu abangu-368 babulawa ngezenzakalo ze-"mass shoot" zika-2015, kanti abangu-1,321 balimala.
Kuphi Ukudutshulwa KweMisa Kuyenzeka eMelika?
Kule minyaka edlule, izigameko ezinkulu zokudubula zenzeke ezindaweni eziphezulu kakhulu zokubonakala ezazingakabhekwa njengezibhebhe. Amathiyetha e-movie, izindawo zokuthenga ezitolo, kanye nezikole sonke sezibhekiswe kubahlaseli eminyakeni embalwa edlule.
Ngokusho kweNational Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) Database yaseDemocratic Terrorism e-University of Maryland, izenzakalo ezidubula kakhulu e-United States zihlose izakhamuzi ezizimele nezakhiwo. Izigameko ezingaphezu kuka-90 phakathi kuka-1970 no-2014 ezibandakanya isibhamu esibhekiswe ngabanye, okwenza izenzakalo ezidubula kakhulu. Amabhizinisi (njengezindawo zokuthenga ezitolo nezithamela zema-movie) yilokho okwakuthandwa kakhulu, kanye nezigameko ezingu-84 ngesikhathi sokucwaninga kweminyaka engu-44. Ukuqeda izinhloso eziyisihlanu eziphezulu zibandakanya amaphoyisa (izigameko ezingama-63), izinhloso zikahulumeni (izigameko ezingu-24), nezigameko ezingokomthetho (izigameko ezingu-21).
Ngenkathi izikhungo zemfundo zikhona ohlwini, izinkomba eziyisishiyagalolunye kuphela eziyizinhloso zokuhlaselwa phakathi kuka-1970 no-2014. Nokho, labo ababekwe ezikoleni babephakathi kwezinto ezibulalayo kakhulu, njengoba u-START echaza ukudubula kweColumbine High School njengesihlasela esibulalayo ekubekeni kwabo kwedatha. Akufakiwe ukudubula kwe-Sandy Hook Elementary School ka-2012, njengoba i-START ayifanelekeli ku-database yabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-database yaveza izenzakalo zokudubula ezingu-18 ezibhekiswe emitholampilo yokukhipha isisu e-United States. Nakuba u-2015 wabeka irekhodi lezibhamu ezitholakala ezokuhlola ezokuThutha kwezokuPhathwa kwezokuThutha , izigameko eziyisithupha zokudubula zenzeke ezikhungweni zezindiza. Abavakashi bebhekene nezigameko ezine zokudubula.
I-United States Iqhathanisa Nani Nezwe Ngokudubula Izigameko?
Futhi, kunzima ukuqhathanisa i-United States namanye amazwe ukuze kwenzeke izigameko zokudubula, ngenxa yemali engavumelani yedatha etholakalayo. Kodwa-ke, izifundo eziningi zisize ukudala umqondo wendlela nokuthi ukudubula okukhulu kwenzeka kanjani emhlabeni.
Echaza ucwaningo oluvela e-State University yaseNew York e-Oswego naseTexas State University, i-Wall Street Journal yaphetha ngokuthi kwakukhona imicimbi engu-133 "yokudubula" e-United States phakathi kuka-2000 no-2014, engaphansi kwenani lezehlakalo "zokudubula ezisebenzayo" ezivezwe i-FBI ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, inani lokudubula okukhulu e-United States elitholwe abacwaningi lidlule zonke ezinye izindawo emhlabeni. IJalimane yayiyisizwe esiseduze kakhulu eMelika ngenxa yokudubula kwabantu abaningi, nezenzakalo eziyisithupha phakathi nesikhathi sokucwaninga. Izwe lonke lalingamahlumela amaningi angu-33, kanti i-United States ingaphezu kwezwe ngokudubula ngamanani amane kuya kweyodwa.
Kodwa-ke, ukudubula okubulawa kwabantu abaningi ku-100,000 kubantu akuzange kwenzeke e-United States. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi iNorway yabona ukudubula kwabantu ababulalayo, kanti abantu abangu-1.3 babulawa abantu abangu-100 000 ekuhlaselweni kwabo kuphela. IFinland neSwitzerland nayo yabhekana nokudubula kwabantu abayi-100,000 kunamanye amazwe ase-United States, naphezu kokuba nezigameko ezimbili nezikodwa, ngokulandelana.
Idatha ebhekwe yiNhlangano yokuLawulwa kweziNkohlakalo, inhlangano engeyona inzuzo esekelwe eWashington, DC, ithola imiphumela efanayo: ukudubula okukhulu e-United States kwakungeyona eyabulala kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenani labantu. Ngokuqhathanisa ne-United States ngokumelene neCanada ne-European Union, iMelika iyingxenye yeshumi ekudubula okubulalayo kunayo yonke, nabantu abangu -0089 babulawa yizigidi ngezigidi ngokudubula kwabantu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemvamisa yemicimbi yokudubula emiphakathini ngokumelene nesibalo, i-United States ihlukanise i-12 th emhlabeni jikelele .078 ukudubula kwabantu abaningi kubantu abayizigidi ezilodwa e-United States. Idatha yabo ibonisa ukuthi iMedonia, Albania neSerbia yabhekana nokudubula okukhulu kwabantu abayizigidi ezilodwa, isigaba ngasinye ngenhla .Izigameko ezingu-28 ngezingu-100,000.
Ngingazilungiselela Kanjani Isimo Esiphuthumayo Lapho Ngihamba?
Ngaphambi kokuhamba uhambo olulandelayo, kunezinto eziningi abahambi abangayenza ukuze bazilungiselele isimo esibucayi kakhulu. Okokuqala, labo abahamba phesheya kumele bacabangele ukudala ikhefu lokuhamba ngezinyawo ukuhamba phakathi nomthwalo wabo wokuthwala. Ithimba elinamandla elinamandla lihlanganisa amakhophi amadokhumenti abalulekile ( kufaka phakathi amaphasipoti ), izinombolo zokuqinisekisa izindiza, ulwazi lokuhamba, nezinombolo zokuxhumana eziphuthumayo.
Okulandelayo, labo abashiya i-United States kufanele bacabangele ukungena ngemvume ohlelweni lokubhalisa kwe-Smart Traveler (STEP). Nakuba kunezimo eziningi lapho i -United States Embassy ingakwazi ukusiza abahambi , uhlelo lwe-STEP lungakwazi ukuqaphela abahambi ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo, bevumela ukuba bathathe izinyathelo ukuze balondoloze ukuphepha kwabo.
Okokugcina, abahambi kufanele bacabangele ukudala uhlelo lokuphepha ngaphambi kokufika lapho beya khona. Iziphathimandla zomthetho zincoma ukuthi labo abanjwe ekuhlaselweni kufanele balandele inqubo yesinyathelo esine: baleke, bafihle noma balwe, futhi batshele. Ngokulandela le nqubo, labo abazithola besesimweni bangaba nethuba lokuphila.
Nakuba kungekho muntu okufanele abanjwe esimweni sokuphila noma sokufa, ukulungiselela ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungasho umehluko phakathi kokusinda nokuba yisisulu. Ngokuqonda ukuthi kuphi ukudubula kwamasonto lapho futhi khona, abahambi bangahlala beqaphele, futhi balondoloze uhlelo lokuphepha lwabo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi baya kuphi.