I-Bletchley Park - Umlando Wemfihlo Uvela:
I-Bletchley Park, cishe ngamamayela angaba ngu-50 enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeLondon, ibukeka sengathi indlu yasekhaya yaseRussia yaseBupertori yayisiqedile. Eyakhelwe umuzi ocebile waseLondon ngokwezimali ngo-1883, kwakuzoqothulwa lapho uhulumeni waseBrithani, eseceleni kweMpi Yezwe II, ethola enye injongo. Kuwo wonke iMpi Yezwe Yesibili kuze kube seminyakeni yokuqala yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi, ukubukeka kweBletchley okuvamile, ukubukeka kwekhaya kwakuhambisana nokusebenza kwayo kwangempela, okuyikhohlakeleyo - injongo ehlala ivalwe eMthethweni Wezimfihlo Ezisemthethweni iminyaka.
Ngokuba lapha, ngemuva kweminyango evaliwe futhi efihliwe ejulile phakathi kwe-acre engu-60, ama-boffin aseBrithani aphule ama-Enigma amakhodi eJalimane yamaNazi.
Manje, e- Bletchley Park Museum kanye neNational Codes Centre , leyo ndaba eyimfihlo iyatshelwa.
Yayiyini Inselele ?:
Inigma kwakuyimishini yokufaka ikhodi eyakhiwe amaJalimane phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Lokuqala Neyesibili. Kubonakala sengathi kufana nomshini wokubhala kodwa, ngochungechunge lwezinguquko ezixhunywe ngogesi kanye nogesi ngaphakathi kwawo, izincwadi noma izinhlanganisela zezinhlamvu zingashintshwa zibe yizikhundla ezikhethiwe ezikhethiwe. Amakhodi ayenzima kakhulu kunokuba abeke enye incwadi ngomunye. Eqinisweni, kwakukhona, okungenzeka amakhulu ezinkulungwane - mhlawumbe ngisho nezigidigidi-zokuhlanganiswa okungenzeka. Isihluthulelo, sashintsha nsuku zonke, savula ikhodi ukuze imiyalezo ingadluliselwa futhi iqondwe. Ukuvula ukusebenza kwama-Enigma amakhodi kwenza umnikelo omkhulu ekunqobeni ama-Allied eMpini Yezwe II.
Ubani Ovule Amakhodi Enigma ?:
Ngo-2000, abaseBrithani abahlaziyi befilimu babethanda isithombe se-American, u-U-517 (Qhathanisa amanani), mayelana ne-gung ho, abasebenzi baseMelika abasebenza ngaphansi kwemishini ekuthunjeni umshini we-Enigma owaphuthuma ukuphela kwempi e-Atlantic.
Wonke umuntu waseBrithani wayazi ukuthi kwakuyiRoyal Navy eyayithathile umshini futhi kwakuyi-codebreakers eBletchly Park eyayiyivula - indaba evezwe ngonyaka kamuva ku- Enigma (Qhathanisa amanani), ifilimu ne-Kate Winslet ngokusekelwe enkundleni yempi ye-Enigma, nguRobert Harris.
Eqinisweni, bobabili amafilimu basekelwe ezindabeni zeqiniso. Imilayezo ye-Enigma yayifundwa ekuqaleni kuka-1940 ngemuva kokuthi amanye amasondo e-rotor athunjiwe kwabasindile be-U-boat yase-German ephuma eScotland. Futhi, ngo-1941, iBrithani Royal Navy Commandos yathumba imishini eminingi ye-Enigma kanye nezihluthulelo zayo - kusukela emthonjeni wokudoba ogwini lwaseNorway futhi kamuva kusuka ku-U-110.
Kodwa ngoJuni 1944, i-US Navy Task Group yathatha umshini womshini we-Enigma kanye namakhodi kusuka kwesinye isikebhe sase-German U-505, esasibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni i-WWII codebreaking.
Futhi, ukunikeza isikweletu lapho kukhishwa khona isikweleti, abakwa-Polish codebreaker base bevele besebenza nge-Enigma amakhodi ngawo-1930, ngaphambi kokuba impi ivele. Badlulisela ulwazi lwabo kumaFulentshi abese behlanganyela nabo abaseBrithani.
Iqiniso liwukuthi kwakukhona imishini eminingi ye-Enigma futhi inqubo yokweqa amakhodi abo aqhubeka - ikakhulukazi eBletchley Park - kuyo yonke impi.
Yini Ongayibona EBletchley Park ?:
- Imishini engu-9 Enigma, kuhlanganise nomunye wemali ebolekwa kwi-National National Crytologic Museum; elinye, elisetshenziselwa iMpi Yombango yaseSpain ngokubolekwa ngemali evela eMasikini YaseSpain e-Toledo, eSpain, ne-Abwehr Enigma engavamile esetshenziswa yi-SS yaseJalimane.
- SG41 - umshini waseJalimane ohlose ukufaka esikhundleni se-Enigma. Lo mshini unqobe ngempela ochwepheshe eBletchley
- I-Colossus, ukufundwa kwe-tape zakuqala, ikhompyutha yokuphutha ikhodi kanye nekhompyutha yokuqala ye-computer yokuqala. UColossus wasiza abaphathi be-Allied ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaJalimane ayewa ngenxa yokungaziwa kahle okufihliwe ukufika kweD-Day.
- Umshini we-Bombe owakhiwe kabusha, enye ikhompyutha yokuqala, eyenza izinombolo ezinkulu ze-Enigma imiyalezo kungenzeka.
- Uhlobo lwemiboniso ekhuluma indaba yeBletchley Park, yezinhloli, izimfihlo kanye nokuthunywa okukhulayo, kanye nemiboniso ephakathi kwenkathi izimoto kanye namathoyizi ukuze kusetshenziswe amasethingi angenazintambo ezingenasici zokulwa.
- I-Secret Post Office, eyabakhonza abangu-12 000 abahlala futhi basebenze eBletchley Park kodwa bahlala beyimfihlo kuze kube ngu-documentary ngo-1998.
- I-National Museum of Computing - inhlangano ehlukile, enezindleko zokungena ezihlukile, okufaka umlando waseBrithani wokuqala wekhompiyutha, intuthuko yemikhiqizo nemishini.
U-Alan Turing - I-Unsung Hero ye-Bletchley Park:
U-Alan Turing wayengumqondo wezibalo we-geeni, ososayensi wekhompyutha kanye ne-cryptanalyst. Wayengumaphayona wamakhompiyutha okuqala lapho umshini weTuring, ngawo-1930, wawuyisibonelo sokuqala komshini wokusebenza, jikelele. Empeleni wakha imiqondo ye "algorithm" kanye "nokubala". U-Turing usize ngokuphelele umshini webhomu owafaka izinkulungwane zezimyalezo ezithintekayo ku-Bletchley. NgoJanuwari 1940, umshini we-buring ohlanjululwe kahle kaTuring wenza umlayezo wokuqala ophelele we-Enigma.
Kodwa naphezu kokubambisana kwakhe kanye neminikelo yempi, indaba kaTuring ingenye yezinhlekelele zomlando wesilisa. UTuring wayeyingqingili evunyelwe ngesikhathi lapho izenzo zobungqingili zazikhishwa eBrithani. Ngo-1952 washushiswa ngokungalungi ngemuva kokubika ukuhlukunyezwa kwecala lobugebengu-insizwa eyayikhuluma naye emfushane. Wagwetshwa futhi, esikhundleni sokugwetshwa kwejele, wamukela ukwelashwa ngamahomoni wesifazane. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ngo-1954, wabulawa yi-cyanide poisoning. Nakuba i-coroner ibhekene nokufa kwakhe ukuzibulala, unina nabanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi kwakuyingozi. Ngonyaka ka-2009, uNdunankulu uGordon Brown, wakhipha ukuxolisa emphakathini ngenxa yokwelapha "okwesabekayo" kukaTuring.
Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana no-Turing, impilo yakhe kanye nokufaka isandla ekwakheni i-cryptology nesayensi yekhompyutha eBletchley.
Ubani Ozojabulela Ukuvakashela Bletchley Park ?:
Ama-computer geek, abalandeli bomlando wamasosha, izibalo nezibalo zezibalo zizohambela eBletchley Park ethakazelisayo. Izinhloli zeJunior nabalandeli be-cryptogram bayothanda imicimbi ejwayelekile, izinsuku zomndeni izinsuku ezingama-Forties, ukuvuselelwa kabusha, imibukiso yesikhashana kanye nezinkambo eziqondisiwe zigcina iBletchley Park inomthelela kwamanye amalungu omndeni angathola ukuthi abathandi bekhodi yokubhala ikhodi emva kwakho konke.
Izivakashi Ezibalulekile zeBletchley Park ne-National Museum of Computing:
Bletchley
- Kuphi: I-Mansion, iBletchley Park, i-Sherwood Drive, iBletchley, iMilton Keynes, iMK3 6EB. Uma usebenzisa i-SatNav, sebenzisa ikheli lomgwaqo kodwa hhayi ikhodi yokuthutha, engakuholela ekuqondeni okungalungile.
- Ifoni: +44 (0) 1908 640404
- Ukwamukelwa: Amathikithi abadala, amakhonsathi kanye nemikhaya kanye namathikithi wezingane 12-16. Abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 bayangeniswa mahhala futhi amaqembu abantwana ahlelwe ngaphambilini.
- Amahora: Nsuku zonke ngaphandle koKhisimusi ngoKhisimusi ngoSuku lweBhokisi leSuku LwaseNtsha. Amahora ebusika, ngo-9: 30 ekuseni kuya ku-4: 00 kusukela ngoNovemba 1 kuya kuFebruwari.28. Ukuvulwa kwehlobo ngo-5: 00 kusukela ngoMashi 1 kuya ku-Okthoba 31
- Iwebhusayithi
- Izinsiza: I- Cafe eHut 4, lapho ama-codebreakers aseNew asebenza khona ngempela. Ukuhambela okuqondisiwe kufakwe intengo yokungena.
I-National Museum ye-Computing
- Kuphi: Vimbela H eBletchley Park
- Imininingwane kawonkewonke Ucingo: +44 (0) 1908 374708
- Ukwamukelwa: Izimali zokungena ezihlukile zoke ze-TMOC noma, ukunciphisa, ku-Colossus naseTunny. Imali yokudayiswa kwabadala nabafundi. Izingane ezingaphansi kuka-12 mahhala. Izivakashi ze-TMOC kuphela akudingeki ukhokhe imali yokungena ye-Bletchley Park ukungena eBletchley Estate.
- Amahora: I- Colossus neTunny (enye i-WWII code break operation) ivulekile nsuku zonke. Ezinye iziboniso ngoLwesine nangomgqibelo kusukela ngo-1 kuya ku-4 ntambama ebusika kanye no-5pm e-summerl
- Iwebhusayithi
- Izinsiza: Ikhofi kanye ne-souvenir shop, izinkambo eziqondiswe ngemali ehlukile.